2013中石油职称英语考试课文详解

1.The V alue of Time时间的价值

1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.

1.employ v. 使用，采用，雇佣，使忙于

employer n. 雇主，老板

employee n. 雇员，从业人员

employment n. 使用，职业，雇佣

Employment rate 就业率，雇用率

2.Either …or… 要么…要么…; 二者择一的

Neither… nor… 两者都不

Both… and… 两者都

3.fetch 取来，接来，到达

4.add to增添，添加，加强

5.so as to 以便，以致

6.enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事

7.There is no doubt that…毫无疑问

8.think nothing of… 把… 视为平常

think a lot of… 看重；对… 高度评价

9.convertible adj. 可改变的，可交换的

convert v. … into… 使转变，转换，使…改变信仰

10.be equivalent to…

11.be tantamount to…相当于…; 无异于的

If you say one thing is tantamount to another, more serious thing, you are emphasizing how bad, unacceptable, or unfortunate the first thing is by comparing it to the second thing.

例句：What Bracey is saying is tantamount to heresy. 布里斯正在说的无异于异端邪说。

12.Think twice再三考虑，重新考虑

think twice about doing sth. 三思而后再决定做某事

13.Give one’s consent（n.）to sth…同意，赞成

例句：At approximately 11:30 p.m., pollard finally gave his consent to the search. 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉得终于对搜查予以同意。

1、谚语说：“时间就是金钱。”这句话的意思是，一时片刻只要用得有效，都会让我们的口袋增添一些钱。如果我们的时间使用得当，就能生产出有用的、重要的产品，在市场上卖得一定的价钱；就能充实经验，增长才干，等到适当的时机来临时，我们就能挣得金钱。因此，毫无疑问，时间可以转化为金钱。让那些对浪费时间满不在乎的人记住这一点。让他们记住，浪费一小时等于损失一张钞票，而利用一小时就等于得到若干金银。这样，他们想浪费时间时或许会三思而后行。

2.Moreover, our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. We are shocked when we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life. But we are too often indifferent to loss of an hour or

of a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live.

A day or an hour wasted is therefore so much life forfeited. Let us bear this in mind, and waste of time will appear to us in the light of a crime as culpable as suicide itself.

14.Nothing more than… 不过是，无非是…

15.Preserve v. 保存，保护，维持，腌，禁猎n. 保护区，禁猎地

Conserve

16.forfeit vt.没收，（因犯罪、失职、违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等），

被迫放弃n. 没收物，罚款adj. 丧失了的

例句：He was ordered to forfeit more than $1.5m. 他被令放弃了一百五十多万美元。

That is the forfeit he must pay. 那是他必须付的罚金。

17.bear sth in mind 记住某事

18.in the light of… 根据，按照，当作，鉴于，由于，考虑到

19.culpable adj.有罪的，该责备的，应受惩罚的

2、再说，我们的生命无非就是我们活在人世的时间。因此，浪费时间也就是一种自杀。我们想到死，便惊恐不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用来保全我们的生命。可是，我们对于损失一个小时或者一天的时间却往往漠不关心、无动于衷，忘记了我们的生命原本就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。因此，浪费一天或一小时也就是丧失一天或一小时的生命。让我们记住这一点，这样就会把浪费时间看作一种罪过，跟自杀一样应该受到惩罚。

3.There is a third consideration which will also tend to warn us against loss of time. Our life is a brief span measuring some sixty or seventy years in all, but nearly one half of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some over dressing and undressing; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merry-making, either on our own account or for the sake of others; some in celebrating religious and social festivities; some in watching over the sick-beds of our nearest and dearest relatives. Now if all these years were to be deducted from the term over which our life extends, we shall find about fifteen or twenty years at our disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life. "It is astonishing" says Lord Chesterfield, "that anyone can squander away in absolute idleness one single moment of that portion of time which is

allotted to us in this world. Know the true value of time; snatch, seize, and enjoy every moment of it!"

20.warn… against…警告…不要…; 提醒…提防…

21.on one’s account 为了某人

on one’s own account为了自己，为了自身利益

22.for the sake of为了…; 为了…的利益

23.deduct v. (从总量总额中)扣除，减去；演绎

24.extend v. 延伸，扩大，推广

expand v. 扩张，使膨胀，详述

25.at one’s disposal由某人做主，由其支配

disposal n. 处理，支配，清理

dispose v.处理，处置，安排

dispose of 处理，处置，除掉，转让

例句：Dispose of those old newspapers. 把这些旧报纸处理掉。

26.squander away v. 浪费掉

3、还有第三层考虑，也会提醒我们别浪费时间。人生短暂，总共不过六七十年，可是将近一半时间必须用于睡眠；吃饭时间加起来也得花去一些年; 穿衣脱衣又是一些年；水陆、陆路旅行又是一些年；再加上一些年娱乐时间 (不论是为自己还是为别人）；一些年宗教节日和社会节日的庆祝活动；还有一些年在病床边照看至亲至爱。现在如果从我们的寿命中扣除所有这些岁月，我们将会发现，能受我们支配的有效的工作时间大约仅十五或二十年而己。谁能记住这一点，谁就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的分分秒秒和每时每刻。查斯特菲尔德勋爵说过，“对于分配给我们这一生的时间，若有人游手好闲，即使浪费片刻，也是令人吃惊的。要认识到时间的真正价值，要争分夺秒，充分利用有限的时间。”

4.All time is precious; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other portion of our existence, for those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledge and develop our faculties and capacities. If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away, unutilized, we shall never be able to recoup the loss. As we grow older, our power of acquisition gets blunted, so that the art or science which is not acquired in childhood or youth will never be acquired at all. Just as money laid out at interest doubles and trebles itself in time, so the precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages. "Every moment you lose" says Lord Chesterfield "is so much character and advantage lost; as on the other hand, every moment you now employ usefully is so much time wisely laid out at prodigious interest."

27.faculty n. 科，系，能力，全体教员

faculties n. 系，才能，能力，全体教员

28.slip v. 滑动，滑倒；犯错

slip away逃走，悄悄溜走

slippery adj. 滑的，狡猾的

例句：The road is slippery after rain. 雨后路滑。

29.recoup v. 收回，恢复，偿还

recoup the loss挽回损失

30.blunt adj. 钝的，不锋利的vt.使迟钝

31.prodigious adj. 惊人的，异常的，奇妙的

4、所有的时间都是宝贵的，而我们童年和青年时期的光阴比一生中的其他阶段都更为宝贵，因为只有在这两个阶段我们才能获取知识、增长才干和发展各种才能。如果我们让这些生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走，这损失将永远也无法弥补。等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期未能获得的知识和技能将永远不能获得了。储蓄金钱，产生利息，到时候会翻两三倍；同样，童年和青年时期的宝贵时光，如果使用得当，必将带来不可估量的收益。查斯特菲尔德勋爵还说过，“丧失的每一时刻就等于丧失了与之相当的名和利。从另一方面看，你现在有效利用的每一时刻正是明智地以这时间作为投资，将来定会获取巨额的利息。”

5. A proper employment of time is of great benefit to us from a moral point of view. Idleness is justly said to be the rust of the mind and an idle brain is said to be Satan's workshop.It is mostly when you do not know what to do with yourself that you do something ill or wrong.The mind of the idler preys upon itself. As Watts has said:

In works of labor or of skill

Let me be busy too;

For Satan finds some mischief still For idle hands to do.

5、从道德的观点来看，恰当地利用时间对我们也有很大的好处。懒惰是心灵上的锈迹，懒人的头脑是撒旦的作坊，这话说得很有理。犯错误大多数是由于无所事事、百无聊赖所致。懒人只会自寻烦恼和作茧自缚。正如艾萨克，瓦茨所说，“我要勤快地工作，不管是粗活还是细活；因为撒且还有些坏事，__

32.prey upon掠夺，折磨，捕食

33.misspend v. 滥用，虚度，浪费

34.mischief n. 恶作剧，伤害，顽皮

mischief-maker 挑拨离间的人

语法点：强调句的基本句型

It is/was + 被强调成分+ that(who,whom) + 其他成分

例：They will have a meeting in this office tomorrow. 他们明天要在这个办公室开个会。

It is they who/that will have a meeting in this office tomorrow. (强调主语)

It is a meeting that they will have in this office tomorrow. (强调宾语)

It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in this office. (强调时间状语)

注意事项：

1.强调句中通常强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）、状语，可以强调单个的词、

短语和从句。It 本身没有词义。

2.强调句中的连接词一般只用who, whom(代人)，that(可代物，也可代人)，即

使在强调时间状语从句和地点状语从句时也如此。

3.that 或who, whom之后的动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一

致（即人称和数要与原句中的一致），且不可以省略。

4.强调句的时态只有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过

去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was…,其余的时态用It is…。

强调词it和形式主语it的判别

可用恢复原句的方式来判别，即把It is/was…that…取消后，如果剩下的字词仍能组成一个完整的句子，那么这就是强调句型，否则不是。

如：It is in that very seat that the teacher sat down. 老师坐的就是那个座位。

去掉It is…that…变成：

——In that very seat the teacher sat down. 仍是完整句子，所以此句为强调句。

注意：

It is/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，要用助动词do或者did. 例：Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必要小心啊！

He did remember writing to you last week. 他确实记得上周给你写了信。

2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言

1. 1.Let's face it-English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in

hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat.

Crazy adj. 疯狂的

Crazy English 疯狂英语

Be crazy about 热衷，着迷，狂热的

Drive sb crazy 使某人发疯，使某人精神失常；逼得（某人）受不了

例：The endless noise is driving me crazy. 这种无休止的噪音使我受不了啦。

nor: conj.也不；也不是；和neither 或not 连用(用于否定句后,表示该否定句也适用于自己、其他人或其他事物)

“If my husband has no future,” she said, “then nor do my children.”

neither: adv.两个都不；既不……也不

Professor Hisamatsu spoke neither English nor German.

while: CONJ(表示两件事同时发生)当…的时候，在…时/ ;但是;然而

The first two services are free, while the third costs ￡35.00.

1.让我们接受现实吧--英语是一种疯狂的语言。茄子（eggplant，字面意为鸡蛋植物）里并没有鸡蛋，汉堡包（hamburger，字面意为火腿夹饼）里也没有火腿。同样，菠萝（pineapple，字面意为松树苹果）里既没有松鼠也没有苹果。松饼（English muffin，字面意为英式松饼）并不是英国人发明的，而炸薯条（French fries，字面意为法式油炸食品）也不是法国人的发明。“甜肉”（sweetmeat）指的是蜜饯，而“甜面包”（sweetbread）不是甜的，它指的是牛杂碎。

2. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig. And why it is that writers write but fingers don't fing,grocers don't groce and hammers don't ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth,why isn't the plural of booth beeth? If you have one goose,two geese,why not one moose,two meese,or one index,two indices?

take for granted: 认为…理所当然，想当然

paradox: n. 悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事

2.我们理所当然地接受了英语的一切，但是如果我们分析一下英语中似是而非的情况，我们马上就会发现“快的沙子”（quicksand，流沙，也指陷阱，困境）往往走得很慢，“拳击的圆圈”（boxing rings，拳击场）是方的，“几内亚猪”（guinea pig，天竺鼠）既不是来自几内亚，也不是猪。还有，既然名词作家（writers）去掉词尾的rs 就可以成为动词“写作(write）”，那为什么名词“手指”（fingers）、杂货店（grocers）、锤子（hammers）去掉rs就不能成为各自相应的动词呢？如果牙齿的复数是teeth，那为什么售货亭的复数不是beeth？一只鹅我们用goose，两只鹅用geese，那么，一只驼鹿用moose（单复数同形），两只驼鹿就应该是meese了？为什么一条索引是index，两条索引却成了indices？

3.Doesn't it seem crazy that you can make amends but not one amend,or that you can comb through the annals of history but not a single annal? If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of all but one of them, what do you call it?

comb through:梳理；在(信息)中仔细搜寻If you comb through information, you look at it very carefully in order to find something.

Eight policemen spent two years combing through the evidence.

3.如果你赔偿时只能赔偿复数不能赔偿单数，这是不是很莫名其妙？你可以梳理历史的编年史，为什么却不能复习某一个单个的编年史？如果你有一堆麻烦，那么在你把其他的都解决了只剩下一个的时候该怎么说呢？

4.If teachers taught,why didn't preachers praught? If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat?

4.如果教师教学是taught，那为什么传教士不是praught？如果素食主义者（vegetarian）吃蔬菜（vegetable），那人道主义者（humanitarian）吃什么？

5. Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum

for the verbally insane. In what other language do people recite at a play and play at a recital; ship by truck and send cargo by ship; have noses that run and feet that smell; park on driveways and drive on parkways?

commit: v.把…正式送进(医院、监狱等) If someone is committed to a hospital, prison, or other institution, they are officially sent there for a period of time.

5.有时候我觉得根据英国人说话时疯狂的用词可以将他们送进精神病院。哪一种语言人们可以在一出戏中朗诵，在朗诵中玩（分别指演戏和开独唱会）？用卡车运船，用船运货（分别只用卡车运输和用船运输）？鼻子可以跑而脚可以闻味道（分别指流鼻涕和脚有臭味）？车可以停在驾驶路上，而且在停车路上驾驶（driveway从字面上理解是驾驶路，parkway从字面上理解是停车路）。

6. How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and wise guy are opposites, and quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell another?

6.为什么一个苗条的机会（slim chance，指没机会）和一个肥胖的机会（fat chant，也指没机会）意思是一样的，而一个聪明的人（wise man，聪明人）和一个聪明的家伙（wise guy，自作聪明的人）却意思相反？为什么相当多（quite a lot）和相当少（quite a few）意思一样?（实际上quite a lot和quite a few都是相当多的意思。）为什么天气可以热的像地狱也可以冷得像地狱？（as hell字面意思像地狱一样，指非常）

7. You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm clock goes off by going on.

marvel: (at )惊奇，对……感到惊奇

lunacy : n.精神失常；极蠢

go off: (警报器）突然大作If an alarm bell goes off, it makes a sudden loud noise. go on: （电器设备）运转，开动If an electrical device goes on, it begins operating.

7.你不得不对这种精神病一样的语言表示惊奇，在这种语言中，你的房子在被烧下去（burn down，意为烧为平地）的同时又被烧上去（burn up，意为烧起来，烧掉）。你用填出来（fill out，意为填写）的方法填进去（fill in,意思也是填写）一个表格。闹钟在走（go on）的时候响（go off）了。

8.English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why, when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why,when I wind up my watch,I start it,but when I wind up this essay,I end it?

wind up:上紧发条；使结束

The President is about to wind up his visit to Somalia.

8.英语是人而不是机器创造出来的语言，它反映了人类的创造性。这也是为什么当星星出来的时候，我们是看得见的，当阳光出来（out）的时候是看不见的。同理，我“处理”我的手表之后，它就开始（走）了；而我“处理”完这篇文章后，它却结束了。

3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的...

1.Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten. Wisdom was not at the top of the graduate mountain,

but there in the sandpile at nursery school.

1.大部分在生活中真正需要的，包括怎样生活，该做些什么，又该怎样去做，这些都是我在幼儿园时学会的。智慧不在研究生院的山巅之上，而在幼儿园的沙堆里。

2. These are the things I learned: Share everything. Play fair. Don't hit people. Put tilings back where you found them. Clean up your own mess. Don't take things that aren't yours. Say you're sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before yo u eat. Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you. Live a balanced life. Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday some.

Play fair:公平地比赛[待人] 光明正大地行动

2.以下就是我在幼儿园中学到的。分享所有的东西；行为光明磊落；不要攻击别人；东西要放回原处；自己弄脏的地方自己收拾好；不要拿走不属于自己的东西；如果你伤害了别人就得道歉；饭前洗手；热的甜点和凉的牛奶对身体有益；生活要有张有弛，学点东西、想点思想、写写画画、唱唱跳跳，休息和工作，每样事天天都要干一点。

3. Take a nap every afternoon. When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and stick together. Be aware of wonder. Remember the little seed in the plastic cup? The roots go down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why, but we are all like that.

watch for:密切注意;戒备;提防

We'll be watching for any developments.

be aware of: 意识到

3.每天下午小睡一会。当大家外出时，注意交通安全，记得手挽手，彼此互相扶持。多多注意那些生活的奇迹。你一定还记得那个塑料杯里的小小的种子吧，它不断的往下扎根，枝叶不断的向空中伸展。没有人真正知道它在怎样生长，也不知道是为了什么。但有一点很明白，我们也像他们一样地长大。

4. Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic cup-they all die. So do we.

so: adv. 同样，也一样(指后者跟前者一样)

They had a wonderful time and so did I.

4.看着金鱼、仓鼠以及小白鼠甚至是花盆中小小的一颗种子，最后他们的生命都将消亡。我们明白自己同样也不能避免。

5. And then remember the book about Dick and Jane1 and the first word you learned, the biggest word of all: Look. Everything you need to know is in there somewhere. The Golden Rule and love and basic sanitation. Ecology and polities and sane living.

5.同时我们还记得《迪克和珍妮》的书，以及从书中学到的第一个词，也是最

了不起的一个词：观察。你所需要了解的任何事情：包括为人的原则、爱、应注意的基本卫生，生态环境和政治哲学以及健全的生活方式，你都能在该书的某个地方找到答案。

the Golden Rule:金科玉律，指导原则

sane: adj. 心智健全的；神志正常的；

6. Think of what a better world it would be if we all-----the whole world----had

cookies and milk about 3 o'clock every afternoon and then lay down with our blankets for a nap. Or if we had a basic policy in our nations to always put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own messes. And it is still true; no matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it is better to hold hands and stick together.

lie: v. 躺；摆放，位于; 说谎

过去式：lay lied过去分词：lain lied现在分词：lying第三人称单数：lies

不要混淆lay和lie这两个动词。lay表示将某物放于某处或某个位置，如某人把某物安放（lay）在某处，此物即放（lie）在那里。lay的过去式和过去分词均为laid，它通常用作及物动词。例如，They laid him on the floor（他们把他放在地上）。

lie则为不及物动词，其过去式为lay，过去分词为lain：I lay on the floor with my legs in the air（我躺在地上，双腿抬起）。

虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。

If I have time，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气）If I were you，I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气）

与现在事实相反：

条件句的谓语形式：动词用过去式；be 动词多用were。

主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might+ V原

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