时代周刊翻译

…Back to Sleep?: Why Are 2,500 U.S. Babies Still Dying of SIDS Each Year?

‘用背部睡觉’：为什么美国每年都有2500个婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合症

Putting babies on their back to sleep has dramatically reduced the number of SIDS deaths, but thousands of babies still die each year. A look at the key risk factors.

让婴儿用背部睡觉戏剧性的减少了婴儿猝死综合症的死亡数量，但每年还是有上千数量的婴儿死亡。这有一种对于关键的风险因素的看法。

There?s no doubt that the Back to Sleep campaign launched in 1994 to get parents to stop putting babies to sleep on their tummies has been a success. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births was 1.5; it?s now 0.5.

无需置疑的是，1994年发起的用背部睡觉的运动，旨在阻止父母让婴儿用肚子睡觉是成功的。在20世纪70到80年代，婴儿死亡率为每一千名安全出生婴儿中有1.5，现在是0.5。

Within a generation, most babies are now put to bed on their backs, and yet 2,500 U.S. infants still die each year in the U.S. Researchers trying to understand why have noticed a curious byproduct of the trend toward

back-sleeping: as fewer babies were being put to sleep on their bellies, more babies were documented engaging in other pediatric no-nos — sleeping with their parents, for example — which is another risk factor for SIDS.

在一代人中，大部分婴儿现在都用背部放在床上，但美国每年依然有2500个婴儿死亡。研究员正试图弄明白为什么人们会注意到用背部睡觉这种趋势的奇怪的副产品：越来越少的婴儿用腹部睡觉，越来越多的婴儿被证明参与到了一些儿科禁止的事情中——例如，和父母一起睡——这是婴儿猝死综合症的另一个风险因素。

A study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics takes a look at how risk factors for SIDS have evolved over the years. In an analysis of the 954 babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly in San Diego County between 1991 and 2008 — 568 of these deaths were attributed to SIDS — researchers found that

the percentage of babies put to sleep on their backs increased from 30% to 85%. Meanwhile, the rate of bed-sharing at the time of a SIDS death jumped from 19% to 38%; the incidence of babies asleep in an adult bed instead of in a crib increased from 23% to 45%. Being put to sleep in a standard bed is concerning to doctors because beds generally have generous amounts of bedding — fluffy pillows and layers of blankets — which can lead to infant suffocation.

周一在儿科杂志出版的一个课题研究了婴儿猝死综合症的风险因素在这些年是如何进化的。在1991年和2008年之间的一份关于圣地亚哥出乎意料猝死的954个婴儿的分析中——死亡人数中有568人被确定死于婴儿猝死综合症——研究员发现，用背部睡觉的婴儿的百分比从30%增长到85%。其间，婴儿猝死综合症的死亡人数中，同睡一张床所占的比例由19%跃升到38%；婴儿在大人的床上睡着而不是在婴儿床睡着的死亡发生率从23%增长到45%。就医生而言，睡在标准床上是因为床上一般都有大量的床上用品——松软的抱枕和毛毯——这些都会导致婴儿窒息死亡。

Risk factors for SIDS include being born prematurely, being male and being exposed prenatally to alcohol or cigarettes; after birth, parents can unwittingly pile on other risk factors, such as overbundling baby or tucking him in for the night with a cozy quilt. When analyzing the data, lead author Henry Krous, a pediatric pathologist and director of the San Diego SIDS Research Project at Rady Children?s Hospital, noticed that the number of risk factors hadn?t actually decreased; it had just changed. “Most babies had two or more risk factors,” says Krous. “What that says to us is that Back to Sleep should emphasize multiple risk factors.”

婴儿猝死综合症的风险因素包括过早出生，出生前接触酒精和香烟；出生后，父母在不知不觉中又让婴儿处在其他的风险因素上，比如婴儿捆绑过度或把他整晚压在舒适的棉被里。当分析这些数据时，第一作者亨利克劳斯，儿科病理学家、圣地亚哥雷迪儿童医院婴儿猝死综合症研究项目主管，发现风险因素的数量实际上并没有减少；它只是改变了。“大多数婴儿都存在两个或更多的风险因素，”克劳斯说，“这要告诉我们的是用背部睡觉运动应该强调预防多种多样的风险因素。”

In other words, Back to Sleep should stress much more than just

back-sleeping. Just putting a baby on his back at bedtime is not the entire solution; parents bringing a new baby home from the hospital should be educated about avoiding baby?s exposure to all the risk factor s for SIDS.

换句话说，用背部睡觉运动应该强调更多而不仅仅只是用背部睡觉。仅仅是让婴儿在睡觉时间用背部睡觉并不是全部的解决方法；父母从医院带回新生儿的时候就应该被教育如何避免让婴儿暴露在婴儿猝死综合症的风险因素中。

(MORE: New Guidelines: How to Put Baby Safely to Bed)

新的指导方法：如何安全的把婴儿放到床上

Co-sleeping, for example, is associated with a greater risk of SIDS, so much so that Milwaukee last year launched a graphic blitz against the practice, with posters showing babies asleep in adult beds right next to butcher knives. The caption: “Your baby sleeping with you can be just as dangerous.” As with

alm ost any parenting practice, the issue isn?t straightforward: proponents insist that bed-sharing — when done correctly — can be safe.

例如，一起睡是婴儿猝死综合症的巨大风险的关联，以至于密尔沃基去年发起了一场形象与实践的闪电战，海报展示的是婴儿在屠夫的刀旁边的成人床里睡着了。标题上写着：“你的孩子和你睡在一起很可能成为危险。”就像所有的育儿实践一样，问题并不是简单的支持者坚持同床睡——只要做得正确——就可以变得安全。

Furthermore, despite the prevailing message of Back to Sleep, 30% of babies are still being put to bed on their bellies. “We still have a lot of work to do,” says Krous. “The problem isn?t solved yet.”

此外，轻视现在盛行的用背部睡觉的运动，仍有30%的婴儿还在用腹部放在床上。“我们还有很多工作要做，”克劳斯所，“这个问题现在还没有被解决。”

翻译研究途径的回顾与发展

龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0b8980902.html, 翻译研究途径的回顾与发展 作者：杨可伊 来源：《文教资料》2018年第01期 摘要：本文从翻译学研究途径回顾、翻译学当代研究的发展和翻译学有待拓展的领域三方面对近几十年来翻译学的学科发展做了梳理和总结，从语言的对比研究、功能主义学派、描写翻译学及翻译的文化转向方面做了总结和回顾，肯定了翻译学理论研究取得的卓越成果，指出了翻译学学科在纯理论研究、专项研究及构建我国翻译体系理论等方面相对滞后，以期翻译学学者和专家为丰富翻译学理论做出专门研究。 关键词：翻译研究途径翻译学理论 一、引言 研究途径是指研究者用作研究的理论与方法，翻译学处于跨学科的领域，需要借鉴其他学科的研究理论和方法丰富本学科内涵，正所谓翻译的研究途径。归纳起来，翻译研究的途径即从语言学角度研究翻译语言和对比文本阶段开始，经历了德国功能主义学派阶段、描写翻译研究阶段、文化转向研究阶段及当代社会学方向研究、实证性转向研究及全球化转向研究阶段。 二、翻译研究途径回顾 1. 50年代末至70年代注重语言的对比研究 相关理论霍姆斯、雅各布逊、卡特福德、奈达、纽马克、穆南及费道罗夫等。奈达提出了著名的动态对等翻译观，在第三阶段用功能对等取代了动态对等，指出翻译需要寻找以交际功能为目的的对等语，从而重新组织语言的结构和语义的形式，（Nida and Taber， 1969：12）奈达进一步指出翻译必须达意、传神、措辞通顺及考虑读者的接受。几乎和奈达同一时期，苏联著名翻译理论家费道罗夫（A.V. Fedorov）提出翻译学理论和语言学学科紧密相关，强调翻译要通过两种语言的对比才能体现出来，翻译要通过语言学学科才能表现出来。（蔡毅、段京华，2000：5-6）此外，哈蒂姆（Basil Hatim），纽马克（Peter Newmark），贝尔（Roger Bell）格特（Ernst-August Gutt）等将语用学、篇章语言学、认知语言学与翻译研究结合，丰富并促进了翻译语言的对比研究。 2. 70年代末至80年代德国功能主义学派研究 德国的翻译功能学派针对翻译语言学派重形式的不足，提出重文化和交际功能，将翻译研究置于目的语文化和语境中。赖斯通过文本类型理论（text typology）阐释不同文本类型的功能，指出文本的多义性和多功能性，他们运用语言功能和交际的特点分析和研究翻译。弗米尔提出目的论（Skopostheorie），认为翻译文本要以达到目的语语境为目的，并指出译文要根据目的语读者和译入语习惯达到文内连贯和互文连贯的原则。曼塔里阐发了翻译行为理论

大数据单位的换算与翻译

大数据单位的换算与翻译 近几年来，大数据这个词越来越频繁地出现在各种媒体文章上，出现各行各业人士的口中。人工翻译的行业也难免受其影响。在这方面，赛迪翻译亦深有体会。 首先也是最为重要的一点是大数据方面的词语频繁出现。 以往，我们说数据大小，常常使用的单位是MB、GB，而现在我们经常会看到TB、PB、EB、ZB、YB、BB、NB、DB。身为翻译人员，不免要弄清楚这些单位的大小和译法。 从大小方面，这几种单位依然延续了1024 的进制。即，后一个单位是前一个单位的1024 倍。在此，赛迪翻译总结了这些大数据单位。具体的大小如下： 1KB (Kilobyte) = 1024B ，即2 的10 次方字节，读音千字节 1MB (Megabyte) = 1024KB，即2 的20 次方字节，读音兆字节 1GB (Gigabyte) = 1024MB，即2 的30 次方字节，读音吉字节 1TB (Terabyte) = 1024GB，即2 的40 次方字节，读音太字节 1PB (Petabyte) = 1024TB，即2 的50 次方字节，读音拍字节 1EB (Exabyte) = 1024PB，即2 的60 次方字节，读音艾字节 1ZB (Zettabyte) = 1024EB，即2 的70 次方字节，读音泽字节 1YB (Yottabyte) = 1024ZB，即2 的80 次方字节，读音尧字节 1 BB (BrontoByte)= 1024 YB，即 2 的90 次方字节，读音波字节 1NB (NonaByte) = 1024BB，即2 的100 次方字节，读音诺字节 1DB (DoggaByte) = 1024NB，即2 的110 次方字节，读音刀字节

双语：中国姓氏英文翻译对照大合集

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步Poo 百里Pai-li C: 蔡/柴Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑Cheng 崔Tsui 查Cha 常Chiong 车Che 陈Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程Cheng 池Chi 褚/楚Chu 淳于Chwen-yu

D: 戴/代Day/Tai 邓Teng/Tang/Tung 狄Ti 刁Tiao 丁Ting/T 董/东Tung/Tong 窦Tou 杜To/Du/Too 段Tuan 端木Duan-mu 东郭Tung-kuo 东方Tung-fang F: 范/樊Fan/Van

房/方Fang 费Fei 冯/凤/封Fung/Fong 符/傅Fu/Foo G: 盖Kai 甘Kan 高/郜Gao/Kao 葛Keh 耿Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭Kung 勾Kou 古/谷/顾Ku/Koo 桂Kwei 管/关Kuan/Kwan

郭/国Kwok/Kuo 公孙Kung-sun 公羊Kung-yang 公冶Kung-yeh 谷梁Ku-liang H: 海Hay 韩Hon/Han 杭Hang 郝Hoa/Howe 何/贺Ho 桓Won 侯Hou 洪Hung 胡/扈Hu/Hoo

花/华Hua 宦Huan 黄Wong/Hwang 霍Huo 皇甫Hwang-fu 呼延Hu-yen J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬Chi 居Chu 贾Chia 翦/简Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/ Chiang/Kwong 焦Chiao 金/靳Jin/King 景/荆King/Ching

时代周刊翻译

…Back to Sleep?: Why Are 2,500 U.S. Babies Still Dying of SIDS Each Year? ‘用背部睡觉’：为什么美国每年都有2500个婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合症 Putting babies on their back to sleep has dramatically reduced the number of SIDS deaths, but thousands of babies still die each year. A look at the key risk factors. 让婴儿用背部睡觉戏剧性的减少了婴儿猝死综合症的死亡数量，但每年还是有上千数量的婴儿死亡。这有一种对于关键的风险因素的看法。 There?s no doubt that the Back to Sleep campaign launched in 1994 to get parents to stop putting babies to sleep on their tummies has been a success. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births was 1.5; it?s now 0.5. 无需置疑的是，1994年发起的用背部睡觉的运动，旨在阻止父母让婴儿用肚子睡觉是成功的。在20世纪70到80年代，婴儿死亡率为每一千名安全出生婴儿中有1.5，现在是0.5。 Within a generation, most babies are now put to bed on their backs, and yet 2,500 U.S. infants still die each year in the U.S. Researchers trying to understand why have noticed a curious byproduct of the trend toward back-sleeping: as fewer babies were being put to sleep on their bellies, more babies were documented engaging in other pediatric no-nos — sleeping with their parents, for example — which is another risk factor for SIDS. 在一代人中，大部分婴儿现在都用背部放在床上，但美国每年依然有2500个婴儿死亡。研究员正试图弄明白为什么人们会注意到用背部睡觉这种趋势的奇怪的副产品：越来越少的婴儿用腹部睡觉，越来越多的婴儿被证明参与到了一些儿科禁止的事情中——例如，和父母一起睡——这是婴儿猝死综合症的另一个风险因素。 A study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics takes a look at how risk factors for SIDS have evolved over the years. In an analysis of the 954 babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly in San Diego County between 1991 and 2008 — 568 of these deaths were attributed to SIDS — researchers found that

20世纪中国翻译研究_特殊年代的文化怪胎_黄皮书_

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大数据时代英语演讲

Hello, everyone. As we all know, we are now living at the age ofbig data, which leads a revolution that transforms how we think. But many people have half know of big data, they haven’t adopted to the tremendous change. So today I’d like to talk about the three peculiarities of big data. I will be very glad if my speech could help you. Firstly, all samples rather than sampling analysis. With the development of technology, we are able to process massive data, from which we can get more reliable result than through sampling analysis. So we can give up sampling analysis in most cases. Secondly, efficiency rather than accuracy. At the age of big data, we concern more on efficiency rather than accuracy. In other words, we should allow faults to improve efficiency. Comparing with massive data, some faults do not influence the final result. Thirdly, correlation is as important as causality. We can’t deny the importance of causality ,but sometimes it is difficult or unnecessary to explore it. For example, the recommendation system of Amazon doesn’t know why the customer who likes Hemingway’s works is likely to buy Fitzgerald’s works, it just recommends and helps Amazon sell more than 100 times books than before Amazon using it. From this example, we can conclude that correlation plays an important role at the age of big data,so please don’t overlook it.

大英文翻译

001 不忘初心，牢记使命。 Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind. 002 这是我国发展新的历史方位。 This is a new historic juncture in China’s development. 003 新时代我国社会主要矛盾是人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。 The principal contraction facing Chinese society in the new era is that between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. 004 党在新时代的强军目标是建设一支听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良的人民军队，把人民军队建设成为世界一流军队。 The Party’s goal of building a strong military in the new era is to build the people’s forces into world-class forces that obey the Party’s command, can fight and win, and maintain excellent conduct. 005 推动构建人类命运共同体 build a community with a shared future for mankind 006 近代以来久经磨难的中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。 The Chinese nation, which since modern times began had endured so much for so long, has achieved a tremendous transformation ——it has stood up, grown rich, and become strong. 007 行百里者半九十。 As the Chinese saying goes, the last leg of a journey just marks the halfway point. 008 敢于直面问题，敢于刮骨疗毒。 We must have the courage to face problems squarely, be braced for the pain. 009 不断增强党的政治领导力、思想领导力、群众组织力、社会号召力。 We must keep on strengthening the Party’s ability to lead politically, to guide through theory, to organize the people, and to inspire society. 010 保持政治定力，坚持实干兴邦。 We must maintain our political orientation, do the good solid work that sees our country thrive. 011 坚持党对一切工作的领导。 Ensuring Party leadership over all work. 012 坚持以人民为中心。 Committing to a people-centered approach. 013 坚持全面深化改革。 Continuing to comprehensively deepen reform.

新时代英语传统文化翻译

英语翻译 Unit 1Book 3. 中国传统节日以中国的农历为依据。农历年的岁首称为春 节，俗称“过年”，有祈年等多种习俗，是中国人民最隆重的传统节日， 象征团结兴旺。其他主要的节日有元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、 中秋节、重阳节、冬至节、腊八节等等。各个节日都有其来源讲究和风 俗习惯。农历节日与农历中的二十四节气不同。农历节日是中华民族凝 聚力和生命力的体现 Traditional Chinese festivals are usually fixed to the Lunar calendar. January 1st on the lu Seventh Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Double- Ninth Festival, the Winter Solstice, and the Eight Day of the Twelfth Lunar Month, etc. Ea Lunar calendar. They embody China's cohesion and vitality. Unit 3Book3. 中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画” 的画特指国画。其绘画形式 是用毛笔蘸水、墨、颜料作画于绢、帛、宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹 青。为区别于西方的油画而称之为“中国画”，简称“国画”。其题材有人 物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔和写意。国画的艺术特质在于“笔 墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中化民族的 审美意识和情趣。 The four art forms in ancient China are guqin, chess, penmanship, and painting. And paint painting.” In order to distinguish it from Western oil-paintings, the Chinese people term their works “traditional Chinese painting” ( hand brushwork. The artistic characteristics lie in “the writing brush and ink.” Chinese pai 5. 中国石窟 中国石窟组要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛 阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟 随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇尚美与世俗情融为一体，把天然 造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、 绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界瞩目，已成为重要的世界 文化遗产。 Chinese Grottoes Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture. In China， there are four major art landscape of grottoes:the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui. Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance. They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind. The Chinese Buddhist Grottoes are regarded

大数据时代的翻译理论与实践

大数据时代的翻译理论与实践 专业方向：翻译理论与实践班级：14级英语语言文学研究生 作者：张琦学号：81420379 摘要：此篇文献综经过查阅大量文章，总结了翻译理论与实践之现状与大数据时代对翻译理论与实践之影响。对于前者，即翻译理论与实践之现状，又包括当下翻译理论与实践现状：翻译理论与实践之关系；对于理论方面的现状包括翻译标准，翻译原则方面，以及翻译家翻译法之研究；而实践方面包括对翻译教学等方面研究。而大数据时代的来临，渐渐对翻译理论与实践的影响包括对翻译理论和翻译实践的影响。本文献综述通过此种分类方式，可以有效的探讨翻译理论与实践受大数据时代的影响。、关键字：翻译理论；实践；现状；大数据时代；影响 近年来对于翻译的研究从理论到对实践方面的研究。然而，随着大数据时代的来临，翻译理论与实践也在一定程度上受到影响。翻译的理论与实践也从传统信息受限单一的状态到数据信息共享状态，进而对翻译理论与实践方面产生一定的影响。 针对大数据对翻译理论与实践的影响，本人查阅中国知网等网站，万方数据等网站，发现涉及此的文献不在少数。 本文献综述从翻译理论与实践的现状开始探讨，将其从理论与实践方面分别进行探究。对于理论方面又继续细分，包括对翻译规则与翻译标准现状之探讨，以及对当代翻译家的翻译法与翻译特色的介绍；对于实践方面，本人从对翻译教学等方面介绍其现状。而后，引入大数据时代对翻译理论与实践的影响，也从对其理论与实践方面开始分析。 对于所查阅之文献，本人对其进行归纳整理，认为对大数据时代的翻译理论与实践的研究有所帮助。 一、翻译理论与实践的现状 在大数据时代影响之前，翻译理论与实践存在于闭塞状态，我们对翻译的理论与实践的探讨也比较狭隘。本文将从对翻译的理论与实践的现状进行介绍。先介绍翻译理论与实践的关系，然后对于理论部分，包括对翻译的标准、规则等方面的介绍；对于实践部分，包括对教学等方面的介绍。 理论与实践的关系

地层时代中英文对照

圭亚那盆地地层时代中英文对照 Cainozoic 新生界 Tertiary 第三纪 Pleistocene 第三纪更新世 Miocene 第三纪中新世 Lower Miocene 第三纪下中新世 Oligocene 第三纪渐新世 Eocene 第三纪始新世 Middle Eocene第三纪中始新世 Lower Eocene第三纪下始新世 Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Cretaceous 白垩纪 Senonian 森诺阶 Campanian 坎帕阶 Santonian 桑托阶 Coniacian 科尼亚克阶（晚白垩纪第三期）Turonian 白垩纪土仑阶（晚白垩纪第二期）Cenomanian 森诺曼阶 Albian 阿尔比阶 Aptian 阿普第阶 Barremian 巴列姆阶 Precambrian 前寒武纪地层

Cainozoic 新生界 Quaternary 第四系Quaternary period 第四纪Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Mesozoic中生界 Cretaceous 白垩系 Jurassic 侏罗系 Triassic 三叠系 LateTriassicepoch 晚三叠世 Paleozoic 古生界 Permian 二叠系 LatePermianepoch Early Permian 早二叠世 Carboniferous 石炭系石炭纪 Late Carboniferous Devonian 泥盆系泥盆纪upperDevonionseries 上泥盆统 siluric 志留系Silurian 志留纪 Ordovician 奥陶系奥陶纪 Cambrian 寒武系寒武纪 Proterozoic era 元古代

90年代结婚证翻译模板

MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE (Seal of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China) Supervised bytheMinistry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China Photograph of the holder and his/her spouse (embossing seal) Certificate Holder： 1 / 3

Marriage Certificate No.: Name： Sex：Female Birthday Date： ID No： Name： Sex：Male Birthday Date： ID No：Themarriage application conforms to the provisions of the Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China. We hereby certify thatthe applicants are registered as married. Issuing Authority：(Special Seal for Marriage Registration, CivilAffairs Bureau of XX District, Shanghai) Date of Registration： 2 / 3

The Marriage Law prescribes that both the male and the female applicants shallgo to the marriage registration authority in person to get registered. If the application conforms to the provisions of the Marriage Law, the applicants shall be registered and issued the marriage certificate.Marriage relationship will be established once the marriage certificate is issued. Printed by the Department of Civil Affairs of Shanghai 3 / 3

大数据时代英文翻译

Era of Big Data is a woman's age; women in the gene can accumulate and deal with big data/ women are born to accumulate and deal with big data. Many men and children, in fact, have been wondering about this special ability of women. Like, as a child, just as soon as you entered the house your Mother said immediately in a suspicious tone: “Liu zhijun, you didn’t do well in the exam today, did you.” Another example, you just have a glance at the mobile phone, your wife laughs: “Does Er gou the next door ask you to play games?” One more ex ample, when you close the door and make a phone call, your girlfriend will cry: “Who are shot in bed?” They are sometimes right, sometimes wrong. However, On the whole, the accuracy rate is higher than chance level. When they are wrong, men would sneer women always give way to foolish fancies; when they are right, men would say women are sensitive animal maybe with more acute sensory organs. Anyway, that is a guess. It has already scared man that overall accuracy rate is higher than the random level. In order to adapt to this point, the male also developed a very strong skills against reconnaissance. This part is beyond the scope of this article, so no more details about it. Some studies, such as Hanna Holmes’s paper, have indi cated that the white matter of the female’s brain is higher than that of the male. So they have very strong imagination of connecting things together. Some recent studies have shown that women are better than men in the "date" memory. That is the reason why they are able to remember all the birthdays, anniversaries, and even some of the great day of unimportant friends. No matter whether these results are true or not, I am afraid that this is not women's most outstanding ability. Women's most remarkable ability is a long-term tracking of some seemingly unimportant data to form their own baseline and pattern. Once the patterns of these data points are significantly different from the baseline she is familiar with, she knows something unusual. In their daily life, women do not consider the difference between causality and correlation. They believe in the principle: "There must be something wrong out of something unusual." People who talk about big data often take Lin Biao as an example. Lin Biao recorded some detailed and unimportant data after a battle. Such as seized guns, the proportion of rifles and pistols, the age levels of war prisoners, seized grain, whether they are sorghum or millet, etc., all of which were unavoidably recorded in the book. Others laughed at him. But later, he determined where the enemy headquarters were according to these data. What women do is almost the same. A girl A has a secret crush on boy B, but she usually doesn’t contact him directly. Two days later, I asked her if she wanted to ask him to have dinner together. She said he was playing. I wondered “how do you know that?” She said that boy B usually is on the line Gmail at 8:00 am, away status at8:30am, for he goes out to buy coffee and breakfast, on line again at 9:00am, busy status, for he is at work, away again at12:30am for lunch, on line for whole evenings, maybe for reading or playing games. His buddy C is on line at10:00 am, still online till 2:00am next day. He is a boy who gets up late and stays up late. His buddy D is on line for the most of the day. However, the most important pattern is that there are 2-3 days per week, during which they would be offline or away for 3-4 hours together. Conclusion: they are playing together.

中国姓氏英文翻译大全

中国姓氏英文翻译大全- - [b][u]中国姓氏英文翻译大全- -[/u][/b] A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C:

蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha 常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too

段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F: 范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou

古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H: 海--Hay 韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang

回顾传统译论 展望翻译未来

回顾传统译论展望翻译未来 【摘要】回顾中国翻译家的理论观点，较成型的理论当自安世高等人的佛经翻译观开始。至上世纪80年代钱锺书的“化境”翻译观，中国传统译论一脉相承，凸显中国译论特色：语文式、随感式、经验式。随着翻译学科在我国的建立，翻译活动如火如荼地开展，翻译研究也将进入繁荣发展时期。在中国学者的不懈努力之下，中西合璧的翻译观将会呈现在世人面前。 【关键词】传统译论；中西合璧；繁荣发展 0 引言 翻译活动在我国由来已久，历来有“翻译始于周代”之说。伴随着翻译活动的进行，人们对翻译方法、策略、性质和原则加以总结、升华，进而形成独特的翻译理论。然从佛经翻译大师安世高开始，至上世纪80年代的大文学家、思想家、翻译家钱锺书先生，中国翻译家的译论多呈现语文式、经验式、随感式特征。钱锺书先生“化境”观的提出，将我国传统译论推向了顶峰。自上世纪后半期以来，中国学者将视角转移到当代西方系统科学译论，以奈达、巴斯奈特、勒弗维尔、霍恩比、韦努蒂和图里为代表的翻译理论家的译论如一股新风，为我国译学研究打开了新局面。翻译学作为一门科学也应运而生。如今，我国学者不断开拓，勇攀高峰，力求走在国际翻译学科的前沿，在继承发扬我国传统译论的基础上，汲取西方译论中的精华，建设属于中国自己的译论。 1 传统译论初见端倪——安世高、玄奘等人的佛经翻译观 安世高和支娄迦谶是佛经翻译的集大成者，他们的汉译佛典别具特色，但总体看来偏重直译。这种严格遵循原文，丝毫不加修饰和润色的翻译手段对后世的翻译观产生了极大影响。支谦在代表作《法句经序》中提出的“因循本质，不加文饰”翻译观便属一例。 东晋时期道安翻译佛经，提出了自己的译论：“五失本，三不易”，将具体的翻译活动上升到理论的高度。公元4世纪末5世纪初的著名佛经翻译大师鸠摩罗什将佛经翻译推向新阶段。“改梵为秦，其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕秽也？”[1]罗什主张“依实出华”，即在不违背原文意义的基础上注重表现原文的文体与语趣。这种将原文与文体相照应的翻译观的提出，对现代翻译文体学的建立具有里程碑式的意义。 另一位佛经翻译家彦琮提出译经八备，最早阐述了译者应具备的素质问题。其论著《辨证论》不仅强调译者的语言功底，而且重视译者思想道德修养方面，从而为后来翻译建设中翻译人才的培养提供了一些启示；巨星玄奘提出“五不翻”，他的“直译”加“意译”的翻译观被后人称为“新译”。通过“新译”的翻译方法，玄奘将老子部分著作译成梵文以期介绍中国文化，这足以见证其让国粹走向世界的远见卓识。 2 传统译论逐步深化——马建忠、严复、林纾等人的西学翻译 清末时期马建忠在其代表作《马氏文通》中提出了“善译”之说。在论及翻译标准的问题时，他说：“一书到手，经营反复，确知其意旨之所在，适如其所译而止，而曾无毫发出入于其间，夫而后能使阅者所得之益，与观原文无异，是则为善译也已。”[2]可知，马所持观点强调译文读者反映与原文读者反映相似的观点，颇具远见，论时间先后而言，马的议论亦在尤金？奈达的动态对等翻译理论之前。遗憾的是，此时他对翻译的见解缺少科学、系统的理论作支撑，只是停留