现在分词作状语详解

教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同

重点难点：

1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。

2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。

3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式

4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式.

5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题）

6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。

7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语

Step 1 lead in

朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式

Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思

Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光

So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜

Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月

Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡

Step2 现在分词作状语的意义

动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while )

温馨提示：

1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。

2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如：

When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.

=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。

As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.

=（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.

他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。

二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since)

如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday

=Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。

三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once)

If you work hard, you will succeed.

=Working hard, you will succeed.

如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。

If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

=Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

如果你向左转，你就会找到到学校取得路。

四．表示让步，相当于让步状语从句（引导词有although,though,even if ,even though）

Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.

= Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

五．现在分词可以做方式状语、伴随状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，是主语的另一个、较次要的动作，相当于一个由and引导的并列结构。

She came into the house,and carried a lot of books.

=She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。

He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.

=He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

温馨提示：伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。

六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语

His father died, and left him a lot of money.

=His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。

She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces.

=She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.

她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。

Step 2考点解读

分词作状语应注意的问题

A. 分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

动词的分词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering的逻辑主语是I，相当于when I entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.）

如分词表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。

课堂巩固练习：判断下列句子正误

1. 从窗户看出去，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。

a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.

b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.

2. 我看着晚报的时候，一只狗开始叫起来。

a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.

b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.

3. 听到这个消息，我的眼泪忍不住流下来。

a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.

b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.

4.等公汽的时候，一块砖头砸在我的头上。

a. waiting for the bus , a brick fell on my head.

b.waiting for the bus ,I was hit by a brick on the head.

5.打开窗户，一只蝴蝶飞进来了。

a. Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my room.

b. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my room.

6.如果你努力学习，你的梦想一定会实现。

a.Working hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly come true

b.Working hard with a strong will, you'll certainly make your dream come true

B. 独立结构

分词的逻辑主语如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任,成为独立主格结构，独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等。

但要注意主格词和主句的主语不能表示同一概念，主格词和分词的动作是主谓关系结构是：

形式：主格词+doing

主格词+being +adj

there being +n,

辨别正误

因为天气好，我们下周将举行运动会。

a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.

b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.

练习：把下面句子改成独立主格形式

1.If the weather permits, we’ll go out on an outing.

=Weather permitting, we’ll go out on an outing.

天气许可的话，我们就去郊游。

2. Because it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.

=It being Sunday, we needn't go to school.

因为是星期天，我们不需要上学。

3.Since there was no buses,we had to walk home .

=There being no bus ,we had to walk home .

因为没有车，我们不得不走回家。

4.As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the village.

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the village.

因为有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了这个村子。

小结：当主从句主语不一致时，分词和逻辑主语构成.独立主格.

例如：Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting的逻辑主语是time，而不是the football match）The professor being absent ,the lecture had to be put off.

教授缺席了，演讲不得不推迟。

The meeting being over, they all left the meeting room.

会议结束了，他们都离开了会议室。

课堂巩固练习

1. _________,I will go over all these lessons before the exam.

A. If time will permit

B. Time permits

C. Time permitted

D. Time permitting

2. I carefully poured the liquid into the water , my classmates _______anxiously beside me to see what would happen.

A. stood

B. standing

C. to stood

D. were standing

注意：有一种习惯表达作评价性状语，表示说话人的态度，观点和看法等，就不必考虑与主句的主语之间的逻辑关系，因为说话者就是分词的逻辑主语，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致

必背：

分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语）

Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说，judging by/from…从……来看，依据……来判断，seeing that 考虑到，allowing for 鉴于，顾及到，talking/speaking of谈及……，Taking …into consideration把…考虑在内

其中的considering …鉴于/考虑到……，following继…之后，concerning关于，regarding关于，respecting关于，owing to …由于……就是介词）

例如：

Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. 一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。

Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。

Supposing it rains ，what will you do 假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？

Talking of cleaning, it’s about time you cleaned the classroom.

谈到打扫卫生，该你打扫教室了。

C．非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。

和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语，和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语

对比练习：

a.________from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box.

b.________from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.

A. Seen

B. Seeing

C. To see

D.See

辨别正误：

1.因为漆成了白色，房子看起来更美了。

a. Painting white , the house looks more beautiful.

b. Painted white ,the house looks more beautiful.

2. 受到他的话的鼓励，我开始认真学习。

a.Encouraging by her words, I got down to studying hard.

b. Encouraged by her words, I got down to studying hard

课堂练习

1.The secretary worked all night long, ____ a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing

2.____ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.

A. Taken

B. Taking

C. Having taken

D. Being taken

比较下列句子

3. 1）._________one of the leading poets in America today,he has also written a number of books and plays.

2）._______________the price ,the car is worth buying .

3）.All things ________,the plan trip will have to be called off.

A. be considered

B. considered

C. considering

D. having considered

4..1）the first place in the maths examination, liufang got another first in the English contest.

2）.The professor entered the lecture hall , by many students.

3）.Many students entered the lecture hall ,___________the professor.

A. following

B. followed

C. to follow

D. being followed

D. 分词或分词短语作状语时，前面可以加上连词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and,so ,or)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。

辨别正误：1.尽管被告知了很多次，但是他仍然不能理解。

a.Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

b.He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

c. Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

d. Though he had been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

e. Though he had been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

2.因为生病了，所以他被立刻送到医院去。

a.Being ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at once.

b.He was ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at once.

c. Being ill ,he he had to be sent to the hospital at once.

E．.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别

不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果，常和only 连用

现在分词作结果状语表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，常何thus 连用

温馨提示：

要掌握好现在分词短语作结果状语的用法，须注意以下几点：

a. 句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，

b. 这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以前边的整个句子.

例如;

The bus was hold up by the snow, thus causing the delay.

公汽被大雪阻住了，结果引起延误。

His car was caught in the traffic jam ,causing him to be late.

他的车陷入了交通堵塞，结果引起他迟到了。

He dropped a plate on the ground, breaking it into pieces.

他把盘子掉在地上，结果摔碎了。

At the age of three his parents died, leaving him an orphan.

三岁的时候他父母去世了，留下他一个孤儿。

He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.

他撞上了雨，结果使他感冒了。

.He didn' t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.

他今天没来，因而我们必须找人干他的工作。

对比：不定式作结果状语

He made a long speech, only to show his ignorance。

他发表了长篇大论，结果显示出他的无知。

He lifted up a stone only to drop it on his own feet.

他搬起石头砸自己的脚。

He went to the seaside only to be drowned。他到海边去结果淹死了。Yesterday a street -beggar bought a lottery ticket , to make him a millionaire overnight .

昨天一个街头乞丐无意买了一张彩票结果使他一夜间成了一个百万富翁。

巩固练习

1)The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .(2005年全国Ⅰ卷) A．caused B．to have caused C．to cause D．having caused

2)European football is played in 80 countries , _________ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)

A. making

B. makes

C. make

D. to make

Step3 分词的形式

A.分词的一般式和完成式

温馨提示：1：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时,两个动作几乎同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式。

2.分词的的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，用现在分词的完成时作状语。把下列状语从句改成分词形式：

1.因为他晚饭吃得太多，他睡不着。

As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep.

=Having eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep.

2. 他把窗户关上后就回家了。

After he closed the windows, he went home.。

=Having closed the windows, he went home。

3.因为听到了奇怪的声音，他走出房间看看。

After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.

=Hearing a strange sound, he went out of

3.Because he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week.

=Having been to the Great Wal l many times, he didn’t go last week.因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。

例如：

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们说说笑笑地向公园走去。Hearing the news ,he couldn’t help laughing .听到这个消息，他禁不住笑了。Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完了作业，他就去睡觉了。Having waited for half an hour,I became a little impatient.

等了半小时，我有点不耐烦了。

Having turned off the TV, he began to go over his lessons.

把电视关掉后，他开始复习功课。

Having put up the tent,they started to cook supper.

搭好帐篷后，他们开始做晚饭。

小结：是否用分词的完成式要看动词是否存在明显的先后关系。

二．现在分词的被动式

被动一般式being done 一般做后置定语，表示正在被做的动作

被动完成式having been done

把下列句子改成分词形式

1.这本书在被翻译成多种语言后在全世界有名了。

This book become well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages.

=Having been translated into many different languages, this book become well known all over the world .

2. This is one of the new supermarkets in our city,which is being built at present.

=This is one of the new supermarkets being built at present. in our city.

这是我们城市正在建的超市之一。

3.Though he had been defeated many times , he didn’t lose heart.

=Having been defeated many times , he didn’t lose heart.

尽管被打败多次，但是他没有气馁。

例如：

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.

被告诉了很多遍，他能够操作机器了。

Having been warned several times , the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被警告过多次，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.

被老师批评后，他戒烟了。

三．分词的否定形式

分词的否定式，由not/never+分词构成，即not doing ,not having done ,no having been done

把下列句子改成分词形式

1.因为他没有收到回音，所以决定再写一封信。

As he didn’t receive a reply, he decided to write another letter.

=Not having received a reply, he decided to write another letter.

2.因为我不知道他的地址，所以不能和他取得联系。

As we didn’t know his address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

=Not knowing his phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

例如：

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again. 没有听到这个消息，我又给他写了信。

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.

不知道怎么解决这个数学题，我向老师求助。

Not recognized his voice, she refused to give the person her address.

没有听出他的声音，他拒绝把她的地址给这个人。

Not having received an answer, I decided to pay a visit to him.

没有收到一个答复，我决定去拜访他。

E.现在分词的省略形式

有时，为了使非谓语动词短语与主句的逻辑关系更清楚，可在非谓语动词前加连词。时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词while或when引导。

温馨提示：当状语从句用省略的时候，一般要具备两个条件：状语从句的主语和主句的主语要一致且状语从句的谓语含有be。当具备这两个条件后，状语从句若用省略时，一般同时省略两部分：状语从句的主语；状语从句谓语中的be。

While (he was) playing football, he had his leg broken.

当他踢足球时，腿折了。

When （he was ）asked why he was late ,the boy told a lie.

当被问及他为什么迟到的时候，这个男孩撒了谎。

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.他躺在床上听音乐。

He looked through a newspaper while having breakfast.吃早饭时他翻阅报纸。When playing the piano ,she got excited.在弹钢琴时，她变得很激动。

Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。

Step4非谓语作状语的解题总方法与思路：

1.先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。

2.看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号。

3.看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：

如：The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.

A. make

B. to make

C. making

D. made

在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：

_________with children, I know what is needed most.

A. Working

B. Having worked

C. Worked

D. To work

4.定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。

5.定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，有明显的先后顺序，那么非谓语动词要用完成式，否则我们要用非谓语的一般式

解题原则（高考真题分析）

原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词，有连接词就要用句子。

例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

A. Having been told

B. Having told

C. He had been told

D. Though he had been told

例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

A. Having been told

B. Having told

C. He had been told

D. Though he had told

解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。

例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用

非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。

温馨提示：在“句子, and/or +句子”的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。

1）______hard and you will succeed in the exam.

2）).______hard or you will fail in the exam.

A. Study

B. To study

C. Studying

D. Studied

3）____some of this juice, perhaps you’ll like it

A. Trying B, Try C, To try D. Have tried

4）_____at the door before entering please.

A. Knock

B. Knocking

C. To knock

D. Kocked

原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式的非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式。

Seated at the back of the classroom, he kept still.

坐在教室后面，他一动不动。

There are three reading rooms in our new library, seating about four hundred students in all.

在我们新图书馆有三个阅览室，能容纳400个学生就坐。

Seating himself/Seated (＝Sitting) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.

坐在房间里，他专心看书。

例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost

B. Lost

C. Being lost

D. Losing

解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。

原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前。

例4. （08重庆卷）_ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

A. Fail

B. Failed

C. To fail

D. Having failed

解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。

原则四.非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

例5．（09北京卷）____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.

A. Being bitten

B. Bitten

C. Having bitten

D. To be bitten

解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。

例6 .（08安徽卷）_______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.

A. To walk.

B. Walking

C. Walked

D. Having walked

解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。

例7 . （04全国II）While watching television, __________.

A. the doorbell rang

B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring

D. we heard the doorbell rings

解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为

“we”，答案为C。

例8. [2007 重庆卷] The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________ in the breeze

A.was flowing

B. flowing

C. flowed

D. having flowed

解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，her long hair是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。所以答案为B。

原则五、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。

例9.（04福建）The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling

D. told

解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do，所以答案为B。

例10. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. [2007 天津卷]

A. to let

B. letting

C. let

D. having let

解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了”，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用doing, 答案为B。

例11 . His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_______ him an orphan.

A. leave

B. leaving

C. left

D. to leave

解析：他父母出了事故，他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了，用现在分词表结果状语。

例12.. I hurried to school, only _______ that it was Sunday.

A. find

B. finding

C. found

D. to find

解析：发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果，说明我忘记了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了。用不定式表意料之外的的结果。

注意：

表示“为了…”，常用不定式作状语，这时，状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是将来，例如：

例13.（09辽宁卷）, you need to give all you have and try your best.

A Being a winner

B To be a winner

C Be a winner

D Having been a winner

解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。

对比：He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.

A. hoped

B. hoping

C. to hope

D. hope

答案为B. 现在分词hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一词，如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。

比较：1）.He worked deep into the night, preparing(prepare) a speech for the president. 2）. I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family.

原则六、现在分词的否定原则是在—ing前加not，有not doing, not having done, not having been done几种形式。

例14.（08浙江卷）______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

A. Not realized

B. Not to realize

C. Not realizing

D. Not to have realized

解析：本题考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案为C。

原则七：主动表示被动意义，要用现在分词作状语

1.表示感觉的系动词用主动形式表示被动意义，如feel(摸起来) ,sound（听起

来）,look（看起来）,taste（味道尝起来）,smell（闻起来）

2.不是强调被动动作，而是表示动作的性质和特征的用法，后面带有

well ,easily,smoothly 等。

例如;The book sells well.

The door opens easily.

例15.________ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.

A. Look

B. Looking

C. Looked

D. Looking

看起来又累又虚弱，这个妇女应该休一天假去看医生。

（look在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。）

例16._________ smoothly, this kind of pen sells well in our school.

A. To write

B. Writing

C. being written

D. Written

因为写起来很流畅，这种钢笔在我们学校很畅销。

解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往往用主动形式表示被动。

原则八：演变成了介词或连词的分词。

英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用ing形式还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看英美人士的习惯。

例17．___________her age，she looks quite young．

A．Consider B. Considered C. To consider D. Considering

｛解析：题意是：“就她的年龄而论，她显得十分年轻。”这里的considering表示“考虑到；鉴于”，它已经变成了介词，不管是“考虑还是被考虑”这里都用considering。｝

高中阶段我们还学过的有：

介词

concerning关于 regarding关于，given鉴于supposing假如

原则九：当主从句主语一致，且从句中包涵系动词be时，主语和be 应同时省略。即连词+doing/done

例18 If _________ another hour, I would have finished it better.(give的恰当形式填空)。

例19. While _________ homework, the boy likes listening to light music.(do的恰当形式填空)

解析：18. given 是由if I was given another hour省略来的，if 在省略前省略后都是连词；19.doing 是由while the boy are doing homework省略来的，while 在省略前后都是连词｝

注意：before和after可以做介词，后面接动名词

例20

1）After __________ , he found a job as a secretary in a company.(graduate的恰当形式填空)

2）Before_________ a proper person to be the new president, the old president wouldn’t resign.(select的恰当形式填空)

解析：graduating/graduation after 这时是个介词，所以后面总是用动名词，如果改为after he graduated，那么这个after就变成了连词。2题中的before用法与after 一样，后面加句子时，是连词，后面只加一个动词时，要用动名词形式，并充当介词。所以2题填selecting｝

现在分词作状语及习题

现在分词作状语 一、现在分词具有形容词和副词特征，用作副词时，充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。 1. 作时间状语，可改为时间状语从句，分词前可加while或when等连词。 When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. =When we compare different cultures… (06全国) 2. 作条件状语，可改为条件状语从句，分词前可加once, until, if等连词。 Turning to the right, you will find the path leading to the park. =If you turn to the left … 3. 作原因状语，可改为原因状语从句。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time passing the exam. =Because/ As he had been ill in bed… (04福建) 4. 作结果状语，可改为which引导非限制性定语从句，分词前可加thus，加强语气。 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record $57.65 a barrel on April. =…, which reach a record $57.65 a barrel on April. (05山东) 5. 作让步状语，可改为让步状语从句，分词前可加although, though, even if, even though等连接词。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. = Though his parents lack money, they … (02上海) 6. 作伴随状语，相当于and连接并列谓语。 About one-six undergraduates in Beijing this year are willing to spend as much as 2,6oo Yuan on driving courses, seeing it as an investment in their future. = …, and see it as an investment in their future. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away =…and ran away (05全国) 7. 作方式状语。Jack came here, running. 二、现在分词的时态以及否定形式 分词的动作与谓语同时发生用一般式，可转化为on+动名词或when/while引导的时间状语从句，从句根据语境用一般过去时或过去进行时；分词动作先于谓语动词用完成式，可转化为after+动名词的一般式或after /when引导的时间状语从句，从句中用完成式；现在分词的否定式：not+分词构成。 Hearing his father’s voice, the boy turned off the TV set at once. = On hearing his father’s voice…或When the boy heard father’s voice, he… Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京） =After waiting in the queue…或When Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour, he… 三、现在分词的逻辑主语及独立结构 分词作状语，逻辑主语与句子主语一致；如不一致时，分词带上自己的逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构。 误：While watching television, the doorbell rang. (05全国) 正：While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring. (05全国) 误：Being sunny, we went on a spring outing. 正：It being sunny, we went on a spring outing. 四、掌握以下区别 1. 首动词的用法区别

现在分词讲解及训练

现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done（先后关系） 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词，并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语： Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语：相当于状语从句，但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语： 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式） 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited（完成式） 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语： 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.

现在分词作状语详解

教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

现在分词作状语的用法

现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时 或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结 果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主 语。如： Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这 个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。

②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如： Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办 Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。

现在分词作状语的分类(伴随、让步、条件、时间等等)资料讲解

谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构) I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that. 2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV. 时态语态变化, 及主谓一致 非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动---done, 目的/结果/将要to do ,) 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. 2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her. 1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand. 2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand. 3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away. 4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away. 两个动词是同时发生的时候 主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语2 主语+ 谓语，+非谓语 1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book. 2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party. 3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited. 4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party. --- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语+非谓语（--- ing /---ed ) , 主句---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语+ 谓语，主句 1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today 2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today 3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist. 4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist. 名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语 名词后有关系词时+谓语，做定语从句中的谓语 1.“You can’t catch me!” Jan et shouted, _______ (run) away. 2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth. 3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend. 5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock. 6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______(know) only to people with specific knowledge. [例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011广东卷） [例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. （2010广东卷） [例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting turn

现在分词做状语

Unit 5 Grammar ：Revising the –ing form ?学习目标： (1) 动词-ing形式作状语可表示：时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。 (2) 动词-ing形式的完成式： 主动：Having + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 被动：(Having been) + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 I、Read and recite the following sentences. (1) Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. (2) Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. (3) Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. (4) Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. II、Examine the sentences below and tell the similarity and difference between these two sentences. (1) Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. The –ing form used as an adverbial (2)Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.having + past participle (the perfect -ing form) referring to an action that took place before the time expressed by

现在分词短语作伴随状语

其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分)

现在分词作状语的用法

现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如：

Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办? Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。

分词作状语用法

分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别

分词作状语用法

分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。

现在分词和过去分词做伴随状语的句式

现在分词和过去分词做伴随状语的句式Oct 11, 2020 “Sb do, doing / done.” 说明: 该句式，逗号之前是主句，逗号之后是现在分词和过去分词做伴随状语。也就是，分词的动作和主句谓语的动作同时发生。现在分词doing 和主句的主语，在逻辑上是主动关系。过去分词done 和主句主语，在逻辑上是被动关系。例如： 1.The bell rang, announcing the end of the class. 铃声响了，宣布课堂结束。 2.He lay still, catching his breath. 他静静地躺着，呼吸困难。 3.Father sat in the chair, watching TV. 爸爸坐在椅子上，看电视。 4.Mother was in the kitchen, cooking for the whole family. 妈妈在厨房，为全家人做饭。 (说明：1-4句，是现在分词做伴随状语。) 5.The teacher came into the classroom , followed by his students. 老师进来了，同学们跟在身后。 6.The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那里，被同学们包围着。 7.Richard Jones returned home, exhausted. 他回到家，精疲力尽。 8.I watched the moving model of the machine, absorbed by its efficiency. 我观察着这台运行的机器，被它的高效率吸引住了。 (说明：5-8句，是过去分词做伴随状语。）

分词作状语用法小结

分词作状语用法小结 在高中英语语法中，非谓语动词的学习是一个重点，同是也是一个难点。而其中的分词的用法更是重中之重了，掌握了分词的运用对于我们突破阅读理解中的长句子，以及写作水平的提高都会很有帮助，下面就分词作状语的用法作以下总结。 分词在语法功能上相当于形容词和副词，分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when引出。（一般情况下过去分词不作结果状 的动作同时发生或两者之间时间间隔并不长。例如： I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech on greenhouse. Hearing the good news, the students were wild with joy. He sends me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 从所给的例句是我们可以看出，现在分词的一般主动式所表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是我们常说的主动关系，而其一般被动式却表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是我们常说的被动关系。并且现在分词的一般被动式一般作原因状语位于句首，请看以下例句：Being a student, he was interested in books. Being very small, computers are widely used. Being tired, I can’t go on walking. 2. 现在分词的完成式：表示分词的动作在句中谓语动词所表示的动作或 状态之前就已发生。例如： Having done the work, he went home. Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. Having been deserted by his guide, he could not find his way through the jungle. 从以上例句中我们可以看出，现在分词的完成主动式表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。而其完成被动式却表示分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也是先于谓语动词发生。 3．过去分词：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不强调一定要先于谓语动词之前就已发生。例如： Heated, this kind of wood gives off much smoke. The teacher entered the lab, followed by the students. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. Founded in 1936, Harward is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

现在分词短语作伴随状语

创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作

分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done" 1）being done---->"又被动，又进行” 2）done------->“又被动，又完成” 1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1） eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D) D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用having been done) 再给你解释下伴随状语 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个生语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的生语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 你所问的是这一种