高中英语完形填空技巧

完形填空解题技巧

一、命题特点：

1.短文长度300词左右，以记叙文、夹叙夹议为主。记叙文故事情节多有曲折，结果出乎意料，这种是主要的故事结构。

2.首句无空格，是为了降低难度，提供一个理解全文的完整信息句，帮助熟悉短文的背景、主题或文体，一定要重视并读懂首句。

3.四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或反义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。考查单词以实词(v., n., adj., adv., pron.)为主，虚词(conj,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%。

4.考查内容：词汇40%，逻辑思辨20%，故事结构30%，语法10% （淡化语法）

以词汇（实词）为基础，轻语法，重语篇语意、重行文逻辑

5.四个选项答案分布比较均匀，基本不会出现ABCD只选择1~2个的情况。

二、失分大的原因：

1.没有严格遵循答题步骤：

多数同学在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题，一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。这种方式会影响解题的质量和效率。

切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读，弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。

2. 不注意积累答题技巧：

（1）忽略文章首句的提示作用；

（2）忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系；不要把完形填空当做语法填空来做。完形填空很多选项必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看本句话。

（3）遇到长句不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择。

3.时间安排不当：

在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。

切记：正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。如有几个题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格，然后快速地整句整段地默读，选择一项短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的。

三、解题步骤：

1.通读全文，熟悉故事结构

细读每段首句，跳过空格，掌握文章大意。

注意阅读语篇技巧：

（1）要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；

（2）要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读；

（3）要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读；

（4）要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译；

（5）要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；

（6）逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。

（7）要有规律地做题，题不在多而在精。每做一篇都要善于对比自己的思路和文章作者的思路，每做一篇都要总结自己失分的原因，并在下次做题时提醒自己不要再犯。故事结构：

（1）首段提出问题

（2）中间经过困难和挫折

（3）最后皆大欢喜或者具有教育意义

2.一步逻辑，推理分析要直接和客观

分析完形填空的文章要有“线索性”思维，记住要摆脱主观思维，回归文章客体。坚决“不见线索，不赌命”。

注意：名词和动词，前后找对应。形容词和副词，好坏先筛除。（从感情色彩出发）3.注意词汇复现、逻辑关系、习惯搭配和生活常识等技巧

（1）利用原词复现，寻找近义词语

“词语复现”是指某一个单词或短语本身，或其同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、同根词（或短语）在文中重复出现。它的词性有可能发生变化，形容词变为副词、名词变成动词等等情形都可能出现。

（2）识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系

逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：

1）词，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；

2）短语，如in other words, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。

逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。

（3）注意习惯搭配，熟记常见句型

动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。

（4）巧用常识背景，简化判断过程

完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的论说文，非常贴近学生生活。可以根据生活常识或结合常识充分地想像当时的情景。

4.搁置“争议”，“你”“我”博弈

把有争议的，自己不确定的题目先绕过，在后文找到对应的逻辑线索再往回做。

命题者本身就这样设置题目，所以不需要太纠结。

答题总则：“先完意，后完形”；答案必有依据

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