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考研数学二历年真题word版

考研数学二历年真题word版
考研数学二历年真题word版

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题

一、选择题:1:8小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...

指定位置上. (1)曲线221

x x y x +=-的渐近线条数 ( )

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

(2) 设函数2()=(1)(2)()x x nx f x e e e n ---L 其中n 为正整数,则'(0)f = ( )

(A) 1

(1)

(1)!n n --- (B) (1)(1)!n n -- (C) 1(1)!n n --

(3) 设1230(1,2,3),

n n n a n S a a a a >==+++L L ,则数列{}n S 有界是数列{}n a 收敛的

( )

(A) 充分必要条件 (B) 充分非必要条件 (C) 必要非充分条件 (D) 非充分也非必要

(4) 设2

sin d (1,2,3),k x k I e x x k π

==?则有

( )

(A) 123I I I << (B) 321I I I << (C) 231I I I << (D) 213I I I << (5) 设函数(,f x y )为可微函数,且对任意的,x y 都有

0,0,x y

??>

则使不等式1122(,)(,)f x y f x y >成立的一个充分条件是

( )

(A) 1212,x x y y >< (B) 1212,x x y y >> (C) 1212,x x y y << (D) 1212,x x y y <> (6) 设区域D 由曲线sin ,,12

y x x y π

==±

=围成,则5(1)d d D

x y x y -=??

( )

(A) π (B) 2 (C) -2 (D) -π

(7) 设1100C α??

?= ? ?

??

,2201C α?? ?= ? ???,3311C α?? ?=- ? ???,4411C α-?? ?= ? ???,1C ,2C ,3C ,4C 均为任意常数,则下列数列组相关的

( )

(A) 1α,2α,3α (B) 1α,2α,4α (C) 2α,3α,4α (D) 1α,3α,4α

(8) 设A 为3阶矩阵, P 为3阶可逆矩阵,且1100010002P AP -??

?= ? ???,若()123,,P ααα=,()1223+,,Q αααα=,则

(A) 100020001?? ? ? ??? (B) 100010002?? ? ? ??? (C) 200020001??

? ? ??? (D) 200020001??

? ? ???

二、填空题:9:14小题,每小题4分,共24分.请将答案写在答题纸...

指定位置上. (9) 设()y y x =是由方程2

1y

x y e -+=所确定的隐函数,则202/x d y

d x

== .

(10) 22222111lim 12n n n n n n →∞??

+++= ?+++??L . (11)设1ln ,z f x y ??=+

???

其中函数()f u 可微,则2z z x y x y ??+=?? . (12) 微分方程()

2d 3d 0y x x y y +-=满足条件1

1x y ==的解为y = .

(13)曲线()2

0y x x x =+<

上曲率为

2

的点的坐标是 . (14)设A 为3阶矩阵,=3A ,*A 为A 伴随矩阵,若交换A 的第1行与第2行得矩阵B ,则*BA = . 三、解答题:15~23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸...指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.

(15)(本题满分 10 分)

已知函数()11

sin x f x x x

+=-,记()0lim x a f x →=,

(I )求a 的值;

(II )若0x →当时,()f x a -与k

x 是同阶无穷小,求常数k 的值.

(16)(本题满分 10 分)

求函数()222

,x y f x y xe

+-=的极值.

的面积及D 绕x 轴旋转一周所得旋转体的体积.

(18)(本题满分 10 分)

计算二重积分

d D

xy σ??,其中区域D 为曲线()1cos 0r θθπ=+≤≤与极轴围成.

(19)(本题满分 分)

已知函数()f x 满足方程()()2()0f x f x f x '''+-=及()()2x f x f x e ''+=, (I) 求的表达式;

(II) 求曲线220()()d x

y f x f t t =-?的拐点(0)f '

(20)(本题满分10分)

证明2

1ln cos 112

x x x x x ++≥+-,(11)x -<<.

(21)(本题满分10 分)

(I)证明方程1x x x ++=L n n-1

+()

1n >的整数,在区间1,12??

???

内有且仅有一个实根; (II )记(I )中的实根为n x ,证明lim n n x →∞

存在,并求此极限.

(22)(本题满分11 分)

设100010001001a a A a a

?? ? ?

= ? ???,1100β??

?

? ?=- ?

? ???

(I)计算行列式A;

(II)当实数a为何值时,方程组Axβ

=有无穷多解,并求其通解.

(23)(本题满分11 分)

已知

101

011

10

01

A

a

a

??

?

?

=

?

-

?

-

??

,二次型()()

123

,,T T

f x x x x A A x

=的秩为2,

(I)求实数a的值;

(II)求正交变换x Qy

=将f化为标准形.

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题

一、 选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分。下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要

求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...

指定位置上。 (1)已知当0→x 时,函数x x x f 3sin sin 3)(-=与k

cx 是等价无穷小,则( )

(A )4,1==c k (B )4,1-==c k (C )4,3==c k (D )4,3-==c k

(2)设函数)(x f 在0=x 处可导,且0)0(=f ,则=-→3320)

(2)(lim x

x f x f x x ( ) (A ))0(2f '- (B ))0(f '- (C ))0(f ' (D )0 (3)函数)3)(2)(1(ln )(---=x x x x f 的驻点个数为( )

(A )0 (B )1 (C )2 (D )3 (4)微分方程)0(2

>+=-''-λλλλx x

e e

y y 的特解形式为( )

(A ))(x x

e e

a λλ-+ (B ))(x x e e ax λλ-+

(C ))(x x

be ae

x λλ-+ (D ))(2x x be ae x λλ-+

(5)设函数)(x f ,)(x g 均有二阶连续导数,满足0)0(>f ,0)0(

()(y g x f z =在点)0,0(处取得极小值的一个充分条件是( )

(A )0)0(<''f ,0)0(>''g (B )0)0(<''f ,0)0(<''g (C )0)0(>''f ,0)0(>''g (D )0)0(>''f ,0)0(<''g

(6)设?

=

40

sin ln π

xdx I ,?=4

cot ln π

xdx J ,?=40

cos ln π

xdx K ,则I ,J ,K 的大小关系为( )

(A )K J I << (B )J K I << (C )K I J << (D )I J K <<

(7)设A 为3阶矩阵,将A 的第2列加到第1列得矩阵B ,再交换B 的第2行与第3行得单位矩阵。记

????? ??=1000110011P ,???

?

? ??=010*******P ,则A =( )

(A )21P P (B )21

1P P - (C )12P P (D )1

12-P

P

(8)设),,,(4321αααα=A 是4阶矩阵,*A 为A 的伴随矩阵。若T

)0,1,0,1( 

是方程组0=Ax 的一个基础解系,则0*

=x A 的基础解系可为( )

(A )31,αα (B )21,αα (C )321,,ααα (D )432,,ααα

二、填空题:9~14小题,每小题4分,共24分。请将答案写在答题纸...

指定位置上。 (9)=???

?

??+→x

x

x 10

2

2

1lim 。 (10)微分方程x e

y y x

cos '

-=+满足条件0)0(=y 的解为=y 。

(11)曲线?=x

tdt y 0

tan )4

0(π

≤x 的弧长=s 。

(12)设函数???=-,

0,)(kx e x f λ ,0,

0≤>x x 0>λ,则?+∞∞-=dx x xf )( 。

(13)设平面区域D 由直线x y =,圆y y x 22

2=+及y 轴所围成,则二重积分

??=D

xyd σ 。

(14)二次型3231212

322213212223),,(x x x x x x x x x x x x f +++++=,则f 的正惯性指数为 。

三、解答题:15~23小题,共94分。请将解答写在答题纸...

指定位置上,解答应字说明、 证明过程或演算步骤。

(15)(本题满分10分)

已知函数α

x dt

t x F x

?+=

2

)1ln()(,设0)(lim )(lim 0

==+→+∞

→x F x F x x ,试求α的取值范围。

(16)(本题满分11分)

设函数)(x y y =由参数方程???

????

+-=++=3131,3

13133t t y t t x 确定,求)(x y y =的极值和曲线)(x y y =的凹凸区间及拐

点。

(17)(本题满分9分)

设函数))(,(x yg xy f z =,其中函数f 具有二阶连续偏导数,函数)(x g 可导且在1=x 处取得极值

1)1(=g ,求

1

,

12==???y x y

x z

(18)(本题满分10分)

设函数)(x y 具有二阶导数,且曲线)(:x y y l =与直线x y =相切于原点,记α为曲线l 在点),(y x 处切线

的倾角,若

dx

dy

dx d =

α,求)(x y 的表达式。

(19)(本题满分10分)

(I )证明:对任意的正整数n ,都有

n

n n 1

11ln 11

211ΛΛ=-+++=n n n

a n ,证明数列{}n a 收敛。

(20)(本题满分11分)

一容器的内侧是由图中曲线绕y 轴旋转一周而成的曲面,该曲线由)2

1

(22

2

=+y y y x 与)2

1

(122≤=+y y x 连接而成。

(I )求容器的容积;

(II )若将容器内盛满的水从容器顶部全部抽出,至少需要做多少功?

(长度单位:m ,重力加速度为2

s m g ,水的密度为3

310m kg )

已知函数),(y x f 具有二阶连续偏导数,且0),1(=y f ,0)1,(=x f ,

??=D

a dxdy y x f ),(,其中

{}10,10),(≤≤≤≤=y x y x D ,计算二重积分??''=D

xy

dxdy y x f xy I ),(。

(22)(本题满分11分)

设向量组T

)1,0,1(1=α,T )1,1,0(2=α,T )5,3,1(3=α不能由向量组T )1,1,1(1=β,T )3,2,1(2=β,

T a ),4,3(3=β线性表示。

(I )求a 的值;

(II )将321,,βββ用321,,ααα线性表示。

(23)(本题满分11分)

设A 为3阶实对称矩阵,A 的秩为2,且A ???

?

?

??-=????? ??-10110110110

1。 (I )求A 的所有的特征值与特征向量; (II )求矩阵A 。

2015年考研数学二真题一填空题(8×4=32分)

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题

一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内.

(1)函数

()3

sin x x f x nx

-=的可去间断点的个数,则( )

()A 1.

()B 2. ()C 3.

()D 无穷多个.

(2)当0x →时,

()sin f x x ax =-与()()2ln 1g x x bx =-是等价无穷小,则( )

()A 11,6

a b ==-

. ()B 11,6a b ==

. ()C 11,6a b =-=-. ()D 11,6

a b =-=. (3)设函数(),z

f x y =的全微分为dz xdx ydy =+,则点()0,0( )

()A 不是(),f x y 的连续点. ()B 不是(),f x y 的极值点. ()C 是(),f x y 的极大值点. ()D 是(),f x y 的极小值点.

(4)设函数

(),f x y 连续,则()()22241

1

,,y

x

y

dx f x y dy dy f x y dx -+=????

( )

()A ()2

411

,x

dx f x y dy -??. ()B ()241,x

x

dx f x y dy -??.

()C ()2

411

,y

dy f x y dx -??.

()D .()22

1

,y

dy f x y dx ??

(5)若

()f x ''不变号,且曲线()y f x =在点()1,1上的曲率圆为222x y +=,则()f x 在区间()1,2内( )

()A 有极值点,无零点. ()B 无极值点,有零点.

()C 有极值点,有零点. ()D 无极值点,无零点.

(6)设函数

()y f x =在区间[]1,3-上的图形为:

则函数()()0x

F

x f t dt =?的图形为( )

()A .

()B .

()C .

()D .

(7)设A 、B 均为2阶矩阵,*

*A

B ,分别为A 、B 的伴随矩阵。若A =2B =3,,

则分块矩阵0

0A B

??

???

的伴随矩阵为

( ) ()A .**0320B A ?? ???

()B .**

02B 3A 0??

???

()C .**0

3A 2B

0??

???

()D .**02A 3B

0??

???

(8)设A P ,均为3阶矩阵,T

P 为P 的转置矩阵,且T 100P AP=010002?? ? ? ???

,若

P=Q=+ααααααα1231223(,,),(,,),则Q AQ T

为( )

()A .210110002??

?

? ???

()B .110120002??

?

? ??? ()C .200010002??

?

? ???

()D .100020002??

?

? ???

二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上.

(9)曲线2221-x=0ln(2)u t e du y t t -????=-?

?在

(0,0)

处的切线方程为 (10)已知

+1k x

e dx ∞=-∞?,则k =

(11)n 1lim

e sin 0

x

nxdx -→∞=?

(12)设()y y x =是由方程xy 1y

e x +=+确定的隐函数,则

2x=0

d y

=dx 2

(13)函数

2x y x =在区间(]01,上的最小值为

(14)设αβ,为3维列向量,T β为β的转置,若矩阵T αβ相似于200000000??

? ? ???

,则T

=βα

三、解答题:15-23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)(本题满分9分)求极限()[]

40

1cos ln(1tan )lim

sin x x x x x

→--+

(16)(本题满分10

分)计算不定积分ln(1dx +

? (0)x >

(17)(本题满分10分)设(),,z f x y x y xy =+-,其中

f 具有2阶连续偏导数,求dz 与

2z

x y

???

(18)(本题满分10分) 设非负函数

()y y x = ()0x ≥满足微分方程20xy y '''-+=,当曲线()y y x = 过原点时,其与直线1x =及0y =围成平

面区域D 的面积为2,求D 绕y 轴旋转所得旋转体体积。

(19)(本题满分10分)求二重积分

()D x y dxdy -??,

其中()()

(){}

2

2

,112,D x y x y y x

=

-+-≤≥

(20)(本题满分12分) 设

()y y x =是区间-ππ(,)

内过

(的光滑曲线,当-0x π<<时,曲线上任一点处的法线都过原点,当0x π

≤<时,函数()y x 满足0y y x ''++=。求()y x 的表达式

(21)(本题满分11分)

(Ⅰ)证明拉格朗日中值定理:若函数

()

f x 在

[],a b 上连续,在(),a b 可导,则存在(),a b ξ∈,使得

()()()()f b f a f b a ξ'-=-(Ⅱ)证明:若函数()f x 在0x =处连续,在()()0,0δδ>内可导,且()0

lim x f x A +

→'=,则()0f +'存在,且()0f A +'=。

(22)(本题满分11分)设111111042A --??

?

=- ?

?

--??,1112ξ-?? ?= ? ?-??

(Ⅰ)求满足

22131,A A ξξξξ==的所有向量23,ξξ

(Ⅱ)对(Ⅰ)中的任一向量23,ξξ,证明:123,,ξξξ线性无关。

(23)(本题满分11分)设二次型()()2221231231323,,122f x x x ax ax a x x x x x =++-+-

(Ⅰ)求二次型

f 的矩阵的所有特征值;

(Ⅱ)若二次型f

的规范形为

2212y y +,求a 的值。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题

一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内. (1)设

2()(1)(2)f x x x x =--,则'()f x 的零点个数为( )

()A 0

()B 1. ()C 2 ()D 3

(2)曲线方程为

()y f x =函数在区间[0,]a 上有连续导数,则定积分0()a

t af x dx ?( )

()A 曲边梯形ABOD 面积.

()B 梯形ABOD 面积. ()C 曲边三角形ACD 面积.

()D 三角形ACD 面积.

(3)在下列微分方程中,以

123cos 2sin 2x y C e C x C x =++(123,,C C C 为任意常数)为通解的是( )

()A ''''''440y y y y +--= ()B ''''''440y y y y +++= ()C ''''''440y y y y --+=

()D ''''''440y y y y -+-=

(5)设函数

()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内单调有界,{}n x 为数列,下列命题正确的是( )

()A 若{}n x 收敛,则{}()n f x 收敛. ()B 若{}n x 单调,则{}()n f x 收敛. ()C 若{}()n f x 收敛,则{}n x 收敛.

()D 若{}()n f x 单调,则{}n x 收敛.

(6)设函数

f 连续,若2222

(,)

uv

D F u v dxdy x y =+??

,其中区域uv D 为图中阴影部分,则

F

u

?=? ()A 2()vf u ()

B 2()v

f u u ()C ()vf u

()D ()v

f u u

(7)设

A 为n 阶非零矩阵,E 为n 阶单位矩阵. 若30A =,则( )

()A E A -不可逆,E A +不可逆. ()B E A -不可逆,E A +可逆. ()C E A -可逆,E A +可逆.

()D E A -可逆,E A +不可逆.

12A ??=A

()A 2112-?? ?-??

.

()B 2112-?? ?-??

.

()C 2112??

???

.

()D 1221-??

?-??

.

二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上. (9) 已知函数

()f x 连续,且2

1cos[()]lim

1(1)()

x x xf x e f x →-=-,则(0)____f =.

(10)微分方程2()0x y x e dx xdy -+-=的通解是____y =.

(11)曲线()()sin

ln xy y x x +-=在点()0,1处的切线方程为 .

(12)曲线

23

(5)y x x

=-的拐点坐标为______.

(13)设x y

y z

x ??= ???

,则

(1,2)

____z x

?=?.

(14)设3阶矩阵

A 的特征值为2,3,λ.若行列式248A =-,则___λ=.

三、解答题:15-23题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.

(15)(本题满分9分)求极限()40sin sin sin sin lim x x x x x

→-????.

(16)(本题满分10分)

设函数()y y x =由参数方程20()ln(1)t x x t y u du =???=+???确定,其中()x t 是初值问题0200x t dx te dt x --?-=?

??=?

的解.求22

y x ??.

(17)(本题满分9分)求积分

1

?

.

(18)(本题满分11分)

求二重积分max(,1),D

xy dxdy ??其中{(,)02,02}D x y x y =≤≤≤≤

(19)(本题满分11分)

()f x 是区间[)0,+∞上具有连续导数的单调增加函数,且(0)1f =.对任意的[)0,t ∈+∞,直线0,x x t ==,曲线

()y f x =以及x 轴所围成的曲边梯形绕x 轴旋转一周生成一旋转体.若该旋转体的侧面积在数值上等于其体积的2倍,求函数

()f x 的表达式.

(20)(本题满分11分)

(1) 证明积分中值定理:若函数

()f x 在闭区间[,]a b 上连续,则至少存在一点[,]a b η∈,使得()()()b

a

f x dx f b a η=-?

(2)若函数()x ?具有二阶导数,且满足3

2

(2)(1),(2)()x dx ????>>?,证明至少存在一点(1,3),()0ξ?ξ''∈<使得

(21)(本题满分11分)

求函数222u x y z =++在约束条件22z x y =+和4x y z ++=下的最大值与最小值.

(22)(本题满分12分)

设矩阵2

221

212n n

a a a A a a ???

?

?= ?

??

?O

O O ,现矩阵A 满足方程AX B =,其中()1,,T n

X x x =L ,()1,0,,0B =L ,

(1)求证

()1n A n a =+;

(2)a 为何值,方程组有唯一解,并求1x ; (3)a 为何值,方程组有无穷多解,并求通解.

(23)(本题满分10分)

A 为3阶矩阵,12,αα为A 的分别属于特征值1,1-特征向量,向量3α满足323A ααα=+,

(1)证明123,,ααα线性无关; (2)令()123,,P ααα=,求1P AP -.

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考研数学二真题及答案 一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分。下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选 项是符合题目要求的. 1 若1) (lim 2 12 =++→x x x bx ax e ,则( ) A 1,21-== b a B 1,21 -=-=b a C 1,21==b a D 1,2 1 =-=b a 2下列函数中不可导的是( ) A. )sin()(x x x f = B.)sin()(x x x f = C. x x f cos )(= D.) cos()(x x f = 3设函数?? ? ??≥-<<--≤-=???≥<-=0 011 ,2)(0,10,1)(x b x x x x ax x g x x x f 若) ()(x g x f +在R 上连续,则( ) A 1 ,3==b a B 2 ,3==b a C 1 ,3=-=b a D 2 ,3=-=b a 4 设函数 ) (x f 在 ] 1,0[上二阶可导,且 )(1 =? dx x f 则 ( ) A 当0 )(<'x f 时,0)21(')(时,f x f D 当0)2 1 (0)(<>''f x f 时, 5 dx x K dx e x N dx x x M x ???- --+=+=++=22 222 222)cos 1(,1,1)1(π ππππ π则M,N,K 大小关系为( ) A.K N M >> B.N K M >> C.N M K >> D.M N K >> 6 ?? ? ?= -+-----1 220 1 2 2 )1()1(dy xy dx dy xy dx x x x x ( ) A 35 B 65 C 37 D 67

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