材料科学基础英文词汇

材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构

原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu) 原子数Atomic number

原子量Atomic weight 波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model

键能Bonding energy 库仑力Coulombic force

共价键Covalent bond 分子的构型molecular configuration 电子构型electronic configuration 负电的Electronegative

正电的Electropositive 基态Ground state

氢键Hydrogen bond 离子键Ionic bond

同位素Isotope 金属键Metallic bond

摩尔Mole

泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table

原子atom 分子molecule

分子量molecule weight 极性分子Polar molecule

量子数quantum number 价电子valence electron

范德华键van der waals bond 电子轨道electron orbitals

点群point group 对称要素symmetry elements

各向异性anisotropy 原子堆积因数Atomic packing factor

(APF)

体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律bragg’s law 配位数coordination number

晶体结构crystal structure 晶系crystal system

晶体的crystalline 衍射diffraction

中子衍射neutron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction

晶界grain boundary 六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed

(HCP)

鲍林规则Pauling’s rules NaCl型结构NaCl－type structure CsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure 闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure

纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure 金红石型结构Rutile structure

萤石型结构Fluorite structure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure 尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure 硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates

岛状结构Island structure 链状结构Chain structure

层状结构Layer structure 架状结构Framework structure

滑石talc 叶蜡石pyrophyllite

高岭石kaolinite 石英quartz

长石feldspar 美橄榄石forsterite

各向同性的isotropic 各向异性的anisotropy

晶格lattice 晶格参数lattice parameters

密勒指数miller indices 非结晶的noncrystalline

多晶的polycrystalline 多晶形polymorphism

单晶single crystal 晶胞unit cell

电位electron states (化合)价valence

电子electrons 共价键covalent bonding

金属键metallic bonding 离子键Ionic bonding

极性分子polar molecules 原子面密度atomic planar density

衍射角diffraction angle 合金alloy

粒度,晶粒大小grain size 显微结构microstructure

显微照相photomicrograph 扫描电子显微镜 scanning electron

microscope (SEM)

重量百分数weight percent

透射电子显微镜transmission electron

microscope (TEM)

四方的tetragonal 单斜的monoclinic

配位数coordination number

材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷

缺陷defect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect

线缺陷line defect, dislocation 面缺陷interface defect

体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocation arrangement 位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation

螺位错screw dislocation 混合位错mixed dislocation

晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grain

boundaries

小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries

位错阵列dislocation array 位错气团dislocation atmosphere 位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell

位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocation coalescence 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错核心能量dislocation core energy

位错裂纹dislocation crack 位错阻尼dislocation damping

位错密度dislocation density 原子错位substitution of a wrong

atom

间隙原子interstitial atom 晶格空位vacant lattice sites

间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities

弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder

主晶相the host lattice 错位原子misplaced atoms

缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons

电子空穴Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量Burgers

克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom

材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体

固溶体 solid solution 固溶度 solid solubility

化合物

compound 间隙固溶体 interstitial solid solution 置换固溶体 substitutional solid solution 金属间化合物 intermetallics

不混溶固溶体 immiscible solid solution 转熔型固溶体 peritectic solid solution 有序固溶体 ordered solid solution 无序固溶体

disordered solid solution

固溶强化

solid solution strengthening

取代型固溶体 Substitutional solid

solutions

过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution

非化学计量化合物 Nonstoichiometric

compound

材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构

熔体结构

structure of melt 过冷液体 supercooling melt 玻璃态 vitreous state 软化温度 softening temperature 粘度 viscosity

表面张力 Surface tension 介稳态过渡相 metastable phase

组织 constitution 淬火

quenching 退火的 softened

玻璃分相

phase separation in glasses

体积收缩

volume shrinkage

材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面

表面 surface

界面 interface

同相界面 homophase boundary 异相界面 heterophase boundary 晶界 grain boundary

表面能 surface energy

小角度晶界 low angle grain boundary 大角度晶界 high angle grain boundary 共格孪晶界 coherent twin boundary 晶界迁移 grain boundary migration 错配度 mismatch 驰豫

relaxation

重构 reconstuction 表面吸附 surface adsorption 表面能 surface energy

倾转晶界 titlt grain boundary 扭转晶界 twist grain boundary 倒易密度 reciprocal density

共格界面 coherent boundary 半共格界面

semi-coherent boundary

非共格界面 noncoherent boundary 界面能 interfacial free energy 应变能

strain energy

晶体学取向关系 crystallographic

orientation

惯习面habit plane

材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图

相图phase diagrams 相phase

组分component 组元compoonent

相律Phase rule 投影图Projection drawing

浓度三角形Concentration triangle 冷却曲线Cooling curve

成分composition 自由度freedom

相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential

热力学thermodynamics 相律phase rule

吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule 自由能free energy

吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy 吉布斯函数Gibbs function

热力学函数thermodynamics function 热分析thermal analysis

过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling

杠杆定律lever rule 相界phase boundary

相界线phase boundary line 相界交联phase boundary

crosslinking

共轭线conjugate lines 相界有限交联phase boundary

crosslinking

相界反应phase boundary reaction 相变phase change

相组成phase composition 共格相phase-coherent

金相相组织phase constentuent 相衬phase contrast

相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope 相衬显微术phase contrast

microscopy

相分布phase distribution 相平衡常数phase equilibrium

constant

相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram 相变滞后phase transition lag

相分离phase segregation 相序phase order

相稳定性phase stability 相态phase state

相稳定区phase stabile range 相变温度phase transition

temperature

相变压力phase transition pressure 同质多晶转变polymorphic

transformation

同素异晶转变allotropic transformation 相平衡条件phase equilibrium

conditions

显微结构microstructures 低共熔体eutectoid

不混溶性immiscibility

材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散

活化能activation energy 扩散通量diffusion flux

浓度梯度concentration gradient 菲克第一定律Fick’s first law

菲克第二定律Fick’s second law 相关因子correlation factor

稳态扩散steady state diffusion 非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion 扩散系数diffusion coefficient 跳动几率jump frequency

填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism 晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion 短路扩散short-circuit diffusion 上坡扩散uphill diffusion

下坡扩散Downhill diffusion 互扩散系数Mutual diffusion

渗碳剂carburizing 浓度梯度concentration gradient

浓度分布曲线concentration profile 扩散流量diffusion flux

驱动力driving force 间隙扩散interstitial diffusion

自扩散self-diffusion 表面扩散surface diffusion

空位扩散vacancy diffusion 扩散偶diffusion couple

扩散方程diffusion equation 扩散机理diffusion mechanism

扩散特性diffusion property 无规行走Random walk

达肯方程Dark equation 柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation

本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect 本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient

离子电导率Ion-conductivity 空位机制Vacancy concentration

材料科学基础专业词汇:第七章相变

过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling

晶核nucleus 形核nucleation

形核功nucleation energy 晶体长大crystal growth

均匀形核homogeneous nucleation 非均匀形

核

heterogeneous nucleation

形核率nucleation rate 长大速率growth rate 热力学函

数

thermodynamics function

临界晶核critical nucleus 临界晶核

半径

critical nucleus radius

枝晶偏析dendritic segregation 局部平衡localized equilibrium

平衡分配系数equilibrium

distributioncoefficient

有效分配

系数

effective distribution coefficient

成分过冷constitutional supercooling 引领（领

先）相

leading phase

共晶组织eutectic structure 层状共晶

体

lamellar eutectic

伪共晶pseudoeutectic 离异共晶divorsed eutectic

表面等轴

晶区

chill zone 柱状晶区columnar zone

中心等轴

晶区

equiaxed crystal zone 定向凝固unidirectional solidification 急冷技术splatcooling 区域提纯zone refining

单晶提拉

法

Czochralski method 晶界形核boundary nucleation

位错形核dislocation nucleation 晶核长大nuclei growth

斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition

有序无序

转变

disordered-order transition

马氏体相

变

martensite phase transformation 马氏体martensite

材料科学基础专业词汇:第八、九章固相反应和烧结

固相反应solid state reaction 烧结sintering

烧成fire 合金alloy

再结晶Recrystallization 二次再结晶Secondary recrystallization 成核nucleation 结晶crystallization

子晶，雏晶matted crystal 耔晶取向seed orientation

异质核化heterogeneous nucleation 均匀化热处理homogenization heat

treatment

铁碳合金iron-carbon alloy 渗碳体cementite

铁素体ferrite 奥氏体austenite

共晶反应eutectic reaction 固溶处理solution heat treatment

英文常用词汇表

accredited 官方认可的；鉴定合格的 advantage 优势； agency 代理处；行销处；经售店 agenda 议事日程；事项 analog 模拟 APEC ( = Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum) Appetize r 开胃食品 Appliances 家用）电器 常用词汇表 (the) Americas 北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的总称 a la carte 照菜单点 菜 abstrac t 摘要， 概 要 academic conference 学术研讨 会 accessory 附属 附 件 accident report 事故报 告 Apparel 衣服；服 装 acknowledge 承认；感谢 ad hoc committee 临时成立的工作委员会 advance funds 预支货款 amplifier 扩音器 animation 动画 亚太经合组织

Application service provider (ASP) 应用软件服务商 Arc light 弧光 Arrival pattern 团队抵达时间 Arrogan t 自大的，傲慢的 Artic le 物品：商品 Artist ic 艺术的；美术的 Assemble 集合，聚集；装 配 Assimilat e 同化；消化；吸收；彻底了解 Assistant stage manager 助理展台经 理 Associated firm 联号 Associatio n 协会 Attendance 观众；出席者，出席人 数 Attendee 参加会议或展览的人；出席 者 Attracti on 景点；引人注意之物 Au lait 加牛奶 Auction 拍卖 Audio conference 电话会议 Audiovisual (AV) 视听设备 Audiovisual aids 视听辅助设备 Authorized signature 授权签字 Automaker 汽车制造 商 Automation 自动化，自动 机

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材料科学基础词汇

材料科学基础常用英语词汇作者: davidzhangsh 发布日期: 2005-12-14 查 看数 : 154 出自: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1417491110.html, 材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer 部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials, 电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity, 热导率thermal conductivity, 应力和应变stress and strain, 弹性应变elastic strain, 塑性应变plastic strain, 屈服强度yield strength, 最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength, 最大强度ultimate strength, 延展性ductility, 伸长率elongation, 断面收缩率reduction of area, 颈缩necking, 断裂强度breaking strength, 韧性toughness, 硬度hardness, 疲劳强度fatigue strength, 蜂窝honeycomb, 热脆性heat shortness, 晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell, 点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point, 点阵参数lattice parameter, 密排六方hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell, 体心立方body-centered cubic, 面心立方face-centered cubic, 弥勒指数Miller indices, 晶面crystal plane, 晶系crystal system, 晶向crystal direction, 相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition, 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, 有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变martensite phase transformation， 成核nucleation, 成核机理nucleation mechanism, 成核势垒nucleation barrier, 晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, （金属组织的）基体quay, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种seed crystal, 耔晶取向seed orientation, 籽晶生长seeded growth, 均质核化homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment, 熟料grog, 自恰场self-consistent field 固溶体Solid solution: 有序固溶体ordered solid solution, 无序固溶体disordered solid solution, 有序合金ordered alloy, 无序合金disordered alloy. 无序点阵disordered lattice, 分散，扩散，弥散dispersal, 分散剂dispersant, 分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive,

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Academic Vocabulary----学术应用词汇

Academic Vocabulary Equipping yourself with the relevant academic vocabulary will give you a head start in your university studies. Especially if you’re a second language learner of English, studying in a foreign language can be very difficult and time-consuming. In order to do well, you may want to consider the following ways of learning academic vocabulary more effectively and relevantly. You will need: The General Service List. The GSL is a list of general and basic vocabulary of English used in order of frequency. It has been recognized and used quite extensively among second lan- guage learners of English for work and study. It was first created by West in 1953. The version used was then adapted by Baumann and Culligan in 1995. It contains almost 2,300 words. The GSL here is divided into smaller sublists. Sublist 1 has the first 500 words. Sublist 2 the next 500 words etc. For the complete word lists, refer to: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1417491110.html,/~alzsh3/acvocab/wordlists.htm Subject-related Word List. This is a list of words which is specific to your discipline of studies, for example, finance, accounting, education and others. The index at the back of your textbook is generally the best guide to the terms, concepts that are widely used in the subject. The index is a valuable guide to understanding the key concepts and terms used in a subject. So make good use of the book index. You may also want to consult this site for some additional help and ideas. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1417491110.html,/vocab/select/selframs.htm The Academic World List. The AWL is first developed by and compiled by Averil Coxhead Victoria University of Wellingtown, New Zealand. The AWL contains 10 sublists that include 570 word families which appeared most frequently in academic texts. There are 60 words in each sublist 1-9, and 30 in Sublist 10. Sublist one consists of the 60 mostly frequently ap- peared words in the academic texts and sublist two consists of the next 60 word families and so on. The academic corpus contained approximately3,500,000 active vocabulary taken from a variety of texts used and read across the faculties, spanning over more than 25 subject areas. The complete Academic Word list of 570 root words and their word families can be conveniently found in https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1417491110.html,/vocab/select/awl.htm with a quick link to their the dictionary meanings. A note to mention is that the list here is arranged in alphabetical order and NOT by sublists. Nevertheless, this is a great site to learn the meanings of the AWL words.

材料科学基础常用英语词汇

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点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point, 点阵参数lattice parameter, 密排六方hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell, 体心立方body-centered cubic, 面心立方face-centered cubic, 弥勒指数Miller indices, 晶面crystal plane, 晶系crystal system, 晶向crystal direction, 相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition, 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, 有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation, 成核机理nucleation mechanism, 成核势垒nucleation barrier, 晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, （金属组织的）基体quay, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种seed crystal, 耔晶取向seed orientation,

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The Academic Word List (AWL) by Sublist Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 1 are listed below. analysis approach area assessment assume authority available benefit concept consistent constitutional context contract create data definition derived distribution economic environment established estimate evidence export factors financial formula function identified income indicate individual interpretation involved issues labour legal legislation major method occur percent period policy principle procedure process required research response role section sector significant similar source specific structure theory variables

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1、图纸 drawing 2、蓝图 blueprint 3、平面图 plan 4、基地平面，建筑设计总平面 site plan 5、规划总平面 master plan 6、首层平面ground level floor plan （英） first level floor plan （美） ground floor plan （英） first floor plan （美） 7、公共建筑 public building 8、办公楼 office building 9、教学楼 teaching building 10、低层建筑 low-rise building 11、多层建筑 mid-rise building 12、高层建筑 high-rise building 13、塔楼tower building 14、裙楼skirt building 15、景观分析与评估 landscape analysis and assessment 16、交通体系分析图circulation analysis 17、占总用地比例 Percentage of land use(%) 18、人均用地面积 land area per capita average land area per person

19、居住用地 Residential 20、公共设施用地 Commercial and Public Facilities 21、工业用地 Industrial / Manufacturing 22、建筑占地面积building coverage area 23、建筑密度building coverage ratio building density 24、绿化面积 green area 25、绿地率 green ratio 26、总建筑面积 (GFA） total / overall / gross floor area 27、容积率 ( FAR ）floor area ratio/plot ratio 28、实用面积 usable area 29、地下层 Basement level/ floor 30、地下一层 Basement level/ floor 1 Basement 1 level/ floor 31、地下二层 Basement level/ floor 2 Basement 2 level/ floor 32、城市规划 Urban planning 33、景观规划 landscape planning 34、城市总体规划纲要 master planning outline

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Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List analyse analysed analyser analysers analyses analysing analysis analyst analysts analytic analytical analytically analyze analyzed analyzes analyzing approach approachable approached approaches approaching unapproachable area areas assess assessable assessed assesses assessing assessment assessments reassess reassessed reassessing reassessment unassessed assume assumed assumes assuming assumption assumptions authority authoritative authorities available availability unavailable benefit beneficial beneficiary beneficiaries benefited benefiting benefits concept conception concepts conceptual conceptualisation conceptualise conceptualised conceptualises conceptualising conceptually consist consisted consistency consistent consistently consisting consists inconsistencies inconsistency inconsistent constitute constituencies constituency constituent constituents constituted constitutes constituting constitution constitutions constitutional constitutionally constitutive unconstitutional context contexts contextual contextualise contextualised contextualising uncontextualised contextualize contextualized contextualizing uncontextualized contract contracted contracting contractor contractors contracts create created creates creating creation creations creative creatively creativity creator creators recreate recreated recreates recreating data define definable defined defines defining definition definitions redefine redefined redefines redefining undefined derive derivation

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1DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design 2STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing 3CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning 飓风hurricane 台风typhoon 旋风cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall 湿球温度wet bulb temperature 干球温度dry bulb temperature 冰冻期frost period

The Academic Word List学术词汇表

AcademicWordList Sublist1 analyze[??n?laiz]vt.〈美〉分析,分解,解释 constitute[?k?nstitju:t]vt.构成,组成建立,制定选定,任命 establish[is?t?bli?]vt.建立,成立安置确定,证实 indicate[?indikeit]vt.标示,指示,指出象征;表明或暗示…的可能性 occur[??k?:]vi.发生;举行;存在被发现;想到[起] role[r?ul]n.作用,职责角色 approach[??pr?ut?]n.靠近,接近,临近通路,入口,途径方式,方法vt.接洽,交涉;着手处理vt.&vi.接近,走近,靠近 context[?k?ntekst]n.背景,环境上下文,语境 estimate[?estimeit]n.估计,估价报价判断vt.&vi.估计;评价,评估 individual[??ndi?vidju?l]adj.个别的,单独的,个人的独特的n.个人人 percent[p??sent]n.百分比,百分数 section[?sek??n]n.章节部分部门,科截面,剖面地区,区 area[???ri?]n.面积区域,地区领域,方面 contract[k?n?tr?kt]n.契约,合同vt.缔结;订契约vt.&vi.染上(恶习,疾病等)缩小;紧缩evident[?evid?nt]adj.明显的,明白的 interpret[in?t?:prit]vt.解释;说明vt.&vi.口译;翻译 period[?pi?ri?d]n.(一段)时间时期,时代学时,课时句号,句点 sector[?sekt?]n.部门;领域防御地区,防卫区域扇形,扇形面 assess[??ses]vt.估价,估计评定,核定 create[kri?eit]vt.创造,创作,创建引起,产生 export[eks?p?:t]n.输出,出口输出[出口]物vt.&vi.出口,输出 involve[in?v?lv]vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果;需要使参与,牵涉 policy[?p?l?si]n.政策,方针策略,精明的行为,上策保险单 significant[siɡ?nifik?nt]adj.重要的,重大的,可观的有意义的,有用意的意味深长的assume[??sju:m]vt.假设,臆断,猜想假装承担,担任,就职呈现,采取 data[?deit?]n.资料,材料 factor[?f?kt?]n.因素,要素〈数〉因子,因数 issue[?isju:]n.问题,议题;争论点发行物放出,流出;发出,发行〈正〉结果,结局vi.冒出,流出;传出vt.出版,发行发表,发布分配,发给 principle[?prins?pl]n.原则,原理准则,规范操守,道义工作原理 similar[?simil?]adj.类似的;同类的;相似的;同样的 authority[?:?θ?riti]n.权力,职权官方,当局权威,专家 define[di?fain]vt.精确地解释;界定规定,确定 finance[fai?n?ns]n.财政,金融财源,资金,财务情况vt.为…供给资金,从事金融活动 labour[?leib?]n.劳动,努力;工作劳工,工人分娩,(分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动;努力艰难行进proceed[pr??si:d]vi.前进;行进进行;继续下去 source[s?:s]n.河流的源头,发源地来源,出处原因提供资料者,资料来源 available[??veil?bl]adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的,可与之交谈的 derive[di?raiv]vt.&vi.得到源于 formula[?f?:mjul?]n.准则,原则公式,方程式配方