新概念英语第二册第16课

Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求

If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! New words and expressions 生词和短语

park v. 停放（汽车）traffic n. 交通ticket [?tikit]n. 交通违规罚款单note [n?ut] n. 便条area [???ri?]n. 地段sign [sain]n. 指示牌reminder [r??ma?nd?]n. 提示fail [feil]v. 无视，忘记obey [??bei]v. 服从

参考译文

一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！

1.A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求

1) polite [p?'lait] adj. (politer, politest) more polite和most polite亦常见

1. having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others有礼貌的；客气的；儒雅的synonym: courteous ['k?:ti?s]有礼貌的；客气的；(尤指) 恭敬的，谦恭的

e.g. 请礼貌待客。Please be polite to our guests.

2. socially correct but not always sincere 应酬的；礼节性的；客套的：

e.g. 我不晓得怎么说应酬话。I don’t know how to make polite conversation.

3. [only before noun] from a class of society that believes it is better than others 上流社会的

adv. politely n. [u] politeness

2) request [ri?kwest]n., v.

n. ~(for sth.) / ~(that…)

1. the action of asking for sth. formally and politely(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求：

e.g. 他们要求再给一些帮助。They made a request for further aid.

他按照经理的要求到了那里。

He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request.(=because his manager had asked him to go)

2. a thing that you formally ask for要求的事

e.g. 广播点播节目a radio request programme (=a programme of music, songs, etc. that listeners have asked for)

v. ~sth. (from sb.) (formal) to ask for sth. or ask sb. to do sth. in a polite or formal way(正式或礼貌地)请求；要求

e.g. [vn] 你可以索要一份免费的宣传单。You can request a free copy of the leaflet.

(copy n. [c] 1. (书、报纸等的一本，一册，一份) 2. [c] ~(of sth.) 复印件，复制品)

(leaflet[?li:flit]n. 散页印刷品；传单；宣传手册；广告手册)

[vn to inf] 请不要在餐馆里吸烟。You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.

他们要求他离开。They request ed him to leave.

[v that] 她要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。

She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting.

她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。She requested that no one should be told of her decision.

2. If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. 一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。

1) 英语中指每个人/任何人的不定代词通常是one:

e.g. 一个人永远不会知道明天将会发生什么事。(即大家都不知道)

One can never know what will happen tomorrow.

但在日常会话中，非正式的you则更为常用：

e.g. 如果你进行一次环球旅行的话，你就会看到许多风景胜地。(you为泛指)

If you make a journey around the world, you’ll see many beauty spots.

2) park [pɑ:k]v., n.

v. 1. to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of time.停(车)；泊(车)

e.g. [v] 此处不准停车。You can’t park here.

[vn] 此处禁止停车。You can’t park the car here.

2. [vn.+adv./prep.] ~yourself (informal) to sit or stand in a particular place for a period of time坐下(或站着)

e.g. 她坐在床沿上。She parked herself on the edge of the bed.

n.

1. [c] an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk, play and relax公园

e.g. 我们去公园散了散步。We went for a walk in the park.

2. (in compounds构成复合词) an area of land used for a particular purpose专用区；园区

e.g. 商业/科学园区 a business/science park 野生动物园a wildlife park

( wildlife n. [u] 野生动物；野生生物)

3. [c] (in Britain) an enclosed area of land, usually with fields and trees, attached to a large country house(英国)庄园；庭院

4. [c] (AmE) a piece of land for playing sports, esp. baseball 运动场；(尤指)棒球场

5.(the park) (BrE) a football or rugby field 足球场；橄榄球场(rugby [?r?ɡbi] n. [u] 橄榄球运动)

3) 句尾的it代指的是句子的整个if从句，即你把汽车停错了地方这件事。

parking n. [u]

1. the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of time 停车；泊车

e.g. 上午九时至下午六时此处禁止停车。There is no parking here between 9 a.m. and

6 p.m.

2. a space or an area for leaving vehicles 停车场；停车位

parking lot n. (AmE) an area where people can leave their cars 停车场

(lot [l?t]n. [c] (作某种用途的)一块地，场地)

parking ticket (also ticket) n. 违章停车传票

3) traffic [?tr?fik]n., v.

n. [u]

1. the vehicles that are on a road at a particular time路上行驶的车辆；交通

e.g. 繁忙的/高峰时刻的交通heavy/rush-hour traffic 交通警察traffic police

2. the movement of ships, trains, aircraft, etc. along a particular route (沿固定路线的)航行，行驶，飞行 e.g. 空中交通管制air traffic control 横渡大西洋的航行transatlantic traffic

(transatlantic [?tr?ns?t?l?nt?k ] adj. [obn] 1. 横渡大西洋的；横越大西洋的2. 大西洋两岸国家的3.在大西洋彼岸的；来自大西洋彼岸的)

3. the movement of people or goods from one place to another运输；人流；货流：

e.g. 一国与另一国间的货物运输the traffic of goods between one country and another

4. ~(in sth.) illegal trade in sth.(非法的)交易，买卖

e.g. 毒品的非法交易the traffic in drugs

verb. (-ck-) phr.v. traffic in sth. to buy and sell sth. illegally(非法)进行…交易，做…买卖

e.g. 从事毒品非法交易to traffic in drugs

trafficker[?tr?fik?]n. 从事违法勾当者e.g. 毒品贩子a drugs trafficker trafficking n. [u] 非法交易e.g. 被控贩毒to be accused of drug trafficking

traffic jam n. a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly堵车；交通阻塞(jam [d??m]n.1. [u, c] 果酱2. [c] 拥挤；堵塞)

e.g. 我们遇上了交通阻塞。We were stuck in a traffic jam.

(stick v. (stuck, stuck) vi.~(in sth.) (在某物中)卡住，陷住，动不了)

traffic light n. [c] (also traffic lights [pl.]) (AmE also stoplights [pl.]) 交通信号灯

4) police[p??li:s]

n. 警察部门，警方(与the连用)：

e.g. 警车a police car

一名男子被警方逮捕。A man was arrested by the police.

警方总是为治安操心。The police always care for public order.

你如果再不放开我，我就要叫警察了。If you don’t let me go, I’ll call the police.

警察们正在盘问一名外国游客。The police are questioning a foreign tourist.

vt. 1. (of the police, army, etc. 警察、军队等) to go around a particular area to make sure that nobody is breaking the law there 巡查；维护治安

e.g. 边境将由联合国官员巡查。The border will be policed by UN officials.

(official n. (often in compounds)要员；官员；高级职员adj. [ubn] 正式的；官方的；官方授权的) 2. (of a committee[k??miti] , etc. 委员会等) to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed监督；管制

police dog n. 警犬police force n. (国家、地区或城镇的)警力，警察部队

police officer n. (also officer) 警察

police station (AmE also station house) n. 警察局；警察分局；派出所

如果要单指一名警察，可以用policeman或policewoman:

e.g. 那边有一位交通警。你可以向他打听去车站的路怎么走。

There is a traffic policeman over there. You can ask him the way to the station.

汤姆的姐姐是位(女)警察。Tom’s sister is a policewoman.

3. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. 如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。

1)let sb. go

1. to allow sb. to be free 放，释放(某人)

e.g. 他们是否会释放人质？Will they let the hostages go? (hostage[?h?stid?] n. 人质)

2. to make sb. have to leave their job解雇；开除：

e.g. 由于利润下降他们将不得不解雇100名员工。

They’re having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits.[?pr?f ?t]

let sb./sth. go / let go (of sb./sth.)

1.to stop holding sb./sth. 放开；松手

e.g. 那人抓住我的胳膊不放。The man won’t let go (of) my arm.

别松开绳子。Don’t let go of the rope. / Don’t let the rope go.

放手！你把我弄疼了。Let go! You’re hurting me!

2. to give up an idea or an attitude, or control of sth. 放弃，摒弃(想法、态度或控制)

e.g. 该忘掉过去了。It’s time to let the past go. / It’s time to let go of the past. let yourself go

1. to behave in a relaxed way without worrying about what people think of your behaviour 放松；随心所欲：e.g. 来吧！尽情地玩，玩个痛快吧！Come on, enjoy yourself, let yourself go!

2. to stop being careful about how you look and dress, etc. 不注重仪表；不修边幅：

e.g. 他失业后就不修边幅了。He has let himself go since he lost his job.

let me see/think used when you are thinking or trying to remember sth.让我想一想；让我思考一下e.g. 现在让我想想-他说他住在哪里呢？Now let me see-where did he say he lived?

let sb. down to fail to help or support sb. as they had hoped or expected不能帮助，不能支持(某人)；使失望：

e.g. 很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。I’m afraid she let us down badly.

你尽管放心，这台机器不会出毛病。This machine won’t let you down.

let sb. off (with sth.) to not punish sb. for sth. they have down wrong, or to give them only a light punishment不惩罚；放过；宽恕；从轻处罚

e.g. 她没被处罚，只是受了个警告。She was let off with a warning.

let sb. off sth. to allow sb. not to do sth. or not to go somewhere允许(某人)不做；准许(某人)不去(某处) e.g. 他今天免了我们的家庭作业。He let us off homework today.

let sth. off to fire a gun or make a bomb, etc. explode放(枪等)；使爆炸

e.g. 那些男孩在放花炮。The boys were letting off fireworks.

2) without a ticket 在这里指without giving you a ticket.

3) ticket [?tikit] n., v.

n.

1.~(for/to sth.) a printed piece of paper that gives you the right to travel on a particular bus, train, etc. or to go into a theatre, etc. 票；券；车票；戏票；入场券e.g. 公共汽车/戏/飞机票a bus/theatre/plane ticket 演出的免费入场券free tickets to the show

售票处；自动售票机a ticket office/machine

2. a label[?leib?l] that is attached to sth. in a shop/store giving details of its price, size, etc.(商店中标明货物价格、尺码等的)标签

3. an official notice that orders you to pay a fine because you have done sth. illegal while driving or parking your car (交通违章)通知单，罚款单

e.g. 违章停车/超速驾驶罚款单a parking/speeding ticket

4. [usually sing.] (esp. AmE) a list of candidates that are supported by a particular political party in an election(政党在选举中所支持的)候选人名单

e.g. 他计划继续代表共和党参加11 月份的选举。

He plans to remain on the Republican ticket for the November election. IDM: just the ticket (AmE, BrE)=just the job (BrE) (spoken, approving) exactly what is needed in a particular situation 正需要的东西；求之不得的东西

e.g. 那杯茶来得正好。That cup of tea was just the job.

Vt.

1. (technical术语) to produce and sell tickets for an event, a trip, etc.; to give sb. a ticket售票；给…门票；送票

e.g. 旅客现在可以电子购票。Passengers can now be ticketed electronically. (electronic [ilek?tr?nik] adj. [ubn] 1. (of a device装置)电子的；电子器件的2. 电子设备的；电子器件的electronically adv. 用电子方法；用电子装置)

2. [usually passive] (esp. AmE) to give sb. an official notice that orders them to pay

a fine because they have done sth. illegal while driving or parking a car发出交通违章通知单

e.g. 违章停车就可能收到罚款单。Park illegally, and you’re likely to be ticketed. Phr.v. be ticketed for sth. (esp. AmE) to be intended for a particular purpose被指定为；被委派为

ticketing n.[u] the process of producing and selling tickets售票e.g. 售票系统ticketing systems

4. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. 然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。

this 代指上句话所说的情况，即交通警一般都会给你罚款单。

5. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' 有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”

1) note [n?ut] n., v.

n.1. [c] a short piece of writing to help you remember sth 笔记，记录

e.g. 请记下日期。Please make a note of the dates.

2. [c] a short information letter短笺；便条

e.g. 她在厨房的餐桌上给杰克留了个便条。She left a note for Jack on the kitchen

table.

3. [c] a piece of paper money纸币

e.g. 一张面值为5英镑的纸币a ￡5 note

4. [c] a short comment (n. [?k?ment]评论；注释；说明)on a word or passage in a book

注释；按语批注e.g. 参见第223页的注释16。See Note 16 on p. 223.

IDM:

of note (formal)

1. of fame or importance 著名的，重要的

e.g. 有些(很有)知名度的作家a writer of (some/great) note

2. worth noticing or paying attention to 值得注意：

e.g. 会上有值得注意的事情发生吗？Did anything of note happen at the meeting?

take note (of sth.) to pay attention to sth. and be sure to remember it注意到；将…

铭记在心

e.g. 牢记他说的话。Take note of what he says.

留心一下天气状况。Take note of the weather conditions...

v. (rather formal)

1. to notice or pay careful attention to sth.注意；留意

e.g. [vn] 请注意这位作家为达到戏剧效果而使用一般现在式的手法。

Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect.[i?fekt]（n. 结果；效果；作用；）

[v.+that] 请注意，票的数量有限。Please note that there are a limited number of tickets.

请注意这张账单必须在10天内付清。Please note that this bill must be paid within ten days.

[v+wh-] 注意看他怎样操作这台机器，并想法子照他那样做。

Note how he operates [??p?reit]the machine and try to copy him. (copy vt. 模仿；效法；仿效)

2. to mention sth because it is important or interesting指出；特别提到

e.g. 值得指出的是最成功的公司价格最低。

It is worth noting that the most successful companies had the lowest prices.

Phr. v. note sth. down to write down sth. important so that you will not forget it 记录；记下

notebook[?n?utbuk] n. 1笔记本(簿) 2.(also notebook computer)笔记本(电脑)；笔记本计算机

laptop[?l?p?t?p] n. 膝上型计算机；便携式电脑

noted adj. ~(for/as sth) well known because of a special skill or feature(以…)见称，闻名，著名synonym: famous

e.g. 著名的舞蹈演员a noted dancer

他没什么幽默感。He is not noted for his sense of humour.

这个湖作为许多鸟类的栖息地遐迩闻名。The lake is noted as a home to many birds.

notepaper (also writing paper) n. [u] 信纸；便笺

notable ['n?ut?bl] adj. ~(for sth)值得注意的；显著的；重要的

e.g. 他的早期作品和后期作品之间有明显的差异。

There is a notable difference between his earlier and later writings.

n. [usually pl.] 名人；重要人物

e.g. 许多著名人士参加了招待会。

Many notables attended the reception[ri?sep??n]. (n. 1. 接待,接见;欢迎2. 接待会;欢迎会;宴会[C])

notably adv. 1. 尤其；特别synonym: especially

e.g. 这房子有很多缺陷，尤其是它的地点和价格。

The house had many drawbacks, most notably its location ([l?u?kei??n] n. 位置；场所) and price.

(drawback [?dr?:b?k]n. 缺点；缺陷；不利条件)

2.极大程度上；非常synonym: remarkably

e.g. 这个项目没有取得很大的成功。This has not been a notably successful project.

2) No Parking原来是交通标牌上的一句话，在句中作area的定语。类似的由若干个词合成的词组型定语还有：a never-to-be-forgotten day (一个永远也不能忘掉的日子)，a well-to-do family(一个富裕的家庭)等。

well-to-do adj. having a lot of money; rich 有钱的；富有的；富裕的

e.g. 他们很阔绰。They are very well-to-do.

3) area[???ri?] n.

1. [c] part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the world(地方、城市、国家、世界的)地区，地域

e.g. 荒漠地区desert [?dez?t]areas 农村/城市地区rural/urban areas 内城区inner-city areas

(rural [?ru?r?l] adj. 乡下的;乡村的;农村的urban [??:b?n] adj.城市的；城镇的；都市的) 60年前有一半法国人仍然生活在乡村地区。

Sixty years ago half the French population still lived in rural areas.

2. [c] a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose(房间、建筑物、处所划为某用途的)地方，场地，区

e.g. 旅馆接待处the hotel reception area游戏场地；停车场a play/parking area

3. [c] a particular place on an object (物体上的)区，部位：

e.g. 你会注意到你的宝宝头顶上有两处柔软的地方。

You will notice that your baby has two soft areas on the top of his head.

4. [c] ~(of sth.) a particular subject or activity, or an aspect of it 领域；方面：

e.g. 健身俱乐部是近年来发展迅速的领域。

The big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs.

语言教学领域的发展developments in the area of language teaching

5. [c, u] the amount of space covered by a flat surface or piece of land, described as

a measurement 面积

e.g. 三角形的面积the area of a triangle ([?trai??ɡl] n. 三角形)

这个房间面积是12平方米。The room is 12 square metres in area.

(square adj. 1. 正方形的；四方形的2. (用于数字后表示面积)平方)

前花园的面积是多少？What’s the area of the front garden?

4) sign n., v

1. [c, u] ~(of sth) / ~(that…) an event, an action, a fact, etc. that shows that sth. exists, is happening or may happen in the future迹象；征兆；预兆

synonym: indication [,?ndi'kei??n]n. [c, u] ~(of sth/of doing sth / ~( that…) 表明；标示；显示；象征)

e.g. 头疼可能是紧张的迹象。Headaches may be a sign of stress.(n. 1. [u, c] 精神压力；心理负担；紧张2. [u, c] ~(on sth.) 压力)

哪儿都没有约翰的影子。There is no sign of John anywhere.

她的工作出现了一些改进的迹象。Her work is showing some signs of improvement.

2. [c] a piece of paper, wood or metal that has writing or a picture on it that gives you information, instructions, a warning, etc. 招牌;标牌;指示牌;告示牌;标志(writing n. 1. [u] 写；书写；写作2. [u]著作；文字作品；文章

3.(writings)[pl.] (某作家或专题的)著作，作品

4. [u] (书写或印刷的)文字

5. [u]笔迹；字迹；书法)

e.g. 道路/交通标志a road/traffic sign 商店/酒吧招牌a shop/pub sign

墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。The sign on the wall said ‘Now wash your hands’.

3. [c] a movement or sound that you make to tell sb. sth.示意的动作(或声音)；手势

e.g. 她点头示意我们坐下。She nodded [n?d] as a sign for us to sit down.

4. [c] a mark used to represent [,repri'zent] sth. esp. in mathematics 符号；记号

e.g. 加/减号 a plus [pl?s]/minus ['main?s] sign 表示英镑/美元的符号 a pound/dollar sign

IDM: a sign of the times something that you feel shows what things are like now, esp. how bad they are时代特征(含贬义)

v.

1. to write your name on a document, letter, etc. to show that you have written it, that you agree with what it says, or that it is genuine (['d?enjuin] adj. 1. 真的；名副其实的

2.真诚的；诚实的；可信赖的) 签(名)，署(名)；签字，签署

e.g. [v] 请在这里签名。Sign your name here, please.

[vn] 这封信您还没有署名。You haven’t signed the letter.

在协议/合同/支票上签字to sign a deal/contract/cheque (AmE check)

2. to arrange for sb., for example a sports player or musician, to sign a contract agreeing to work for your company; to sign a contract agreeing to work for a company和…签约(或应聘)：

e.g. [v] 乐队同维京唱片公司签了约。The band signed with Virgin Records.

(virgin adj. 1.[ubn] 未开发的；原始状态的；天然的；未改变的；未触动的2. [obn] 处女的；贞洁的；童贞的)

[vn]这个公司最近和一名新演员签约。The company has just signed a new actor.

3. ~(to sb.) (to do sth.) to make a request or tell sb. to do sth. by using a sign, esp.

a hand movement 示意；打手势：

e.g. 旅馆经理示意行李工替我拿箱子。

The hotel manager signed to the porter to pick up my case.

(porter [?p?:t?] n. 1. 行李员；搬运工2.(医院里护送病人的)护工3. 门卫)(pick sth. up 拿起；举起；提起)

4. to use sign language to communicate with sb.打手势语：

e.g. [vn] 现在越来越多的戏剧配上了手势语。

An increasing number of plays are now being signed.

[v] 为帮助她耳聋的孩子，她学会了手势语。She learnt to sign to help her deaf child. Phr.v.

1. sign for sth. to sign a document to show that you have received sth. 签收

e.g. 有人已经签收了这个包裹。Someone has signed for the package.

2. sign sth. away to give something up formally by signing a paper签字放弃(某物)

e.g. 他签字放弃他在那笔财产中应得的一份。He signed away his share in the property.

3. sign in/out // sign sb. in/out to write your/sb.’s name when you arrive at or leave an office, a club, etc. 签到/退；替…签到/签退

e.g. 来客均需签到。All visitors must sign in on arrival.

客人离开俱乐部时，你必须为他们签退。You must sign guests out when they leave the club.

4. sign sth. over (to sb.) to give your rights or property to sb. else by signing a document签字转让(权利或财产)

e.g. 她签署了转让手续，把房子过到女儿名下。She has signed the house over to her daughter.

5. sign up (for sth.) to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name to the list of people doing it 报名(参加课程)

signature[?siɡnit??] n. 1.[c] 签名；署名2. [u] (formal) 签名；署名；签字；签署signboard n. (商店、旅馆等的)招牌，告示牌，广告牌

5) reminder[r??ma?nd?] n.

1. ~(of sb./sth.) / ~(that…) something that makes you think about or remember sb./sth., that you have forgotten or would like to forget引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物

e.g. 这些照片总能使人回忆起二十世纪二十年代的生活。

The photographs are a lasting reminder of life in the 1920s.(lasting adj. [ubn] 继续存在的；持久的；耐久的)

2. a letter or note informing sb. that they have not done sth. (告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信

e.g. 他还没有付账，我们最好寄给他一封催款信。

He hasn’t paid his bill. We’d better send him a reminder.

remind[ri?maind] v. ~sb. (about/of sth.) to help sb. remember sth. important that they must do提醒；使想起

e.g. [vn] 对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？

I’m sorry, I’ve forgotten your name. Can you remind me?

[vn to inf] 提醒我在出去之前给玛丽打电话。Remind me to phone Mary before I go out.

[vn (that)] 旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。

Passengers are reminded (that) no smoking is allowed on this train.

[vn wh-] 谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？Can someone remind me what I should do next?

Phr.v. remind sb. of sb./sth. 使想起(类似的人、地方、事物等)：

e.g. 你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。You remind me of your father when you say that.

这股气味使我想起了法国。That smell reminds me of France.

6. If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！

1) fail和refuse, forget等相似，是具有否定意义的动词。虽然一个句子中一般只能有一个否定词，但有时也会有cannot fail这样两个否定词同时出现在一个句子中的情况，这时它们构成双重否定。双重否定用来表示肯定。因此，这句话的意义实际上就是“你会遵照执行的”。又如：

e.g. 你一定不要拒绝我。(即你一定要答应我) You must not refuse me.

fail [feil] v.

1.~(in sth.) to not be successful in achieving sth.失败；未能（做到）

e.g. (1) 我未能说服她。I failed in my attempt to persuade her.

(2) 她未能进入艺术学院。She failed to get into art college.

2. to not pass a test or an exam; to decide that sb. / sth. has not passed a test or an exam不及格，评定不及格e.g. 他驾驶执照考试不及格。He failed his driving test.

3. 未做；未履行(某事)：

e.g. [v] 他认为他如果不报告就是失职。

He felt he would be failing in his duty if he did not report it.

[v to inf] 他未履约。He failed to keep the appointment.

每周他必定发电子邮件。He never fails to e-mail every week.

4. [v] to stop working 出故障；失灵

e.g. 我骑自行车下山到中途刹车失灵了。The brakes on my bike failed half way down the hill.

5. [v] (esp. in the progressive tenses尤用于进行时) to become weak衰退

e.g. 她的视力日渐衰退。Her eyesight is failing.

6. [v] to be unable to continue倒闭；破产：

e.g. 经济衰退期间有几家银行倒闭了。Several banks failed during the recession.([ri?se??n] n. [c, u] 经济衰退，经济萎缩)

IDM: without fail

1.务必；一定

e.g. 我要你两点钟务必来到这里。I want you here by two o’clock without fail.

2. always 总是；必定e.g. 他每周必定写信。He writes every week without fail. failure

n.1. [u] 失败2. [c] 失败的人(或事物)3. [u, c] ~(to do sth) 未做，未履行(应做之事)4.[u,

c] 故障；失灵5. [c, u] business~破产，倒闭

2) obey [??bei]vi. & vt. to do what you are told or expected to do服从；遵守；顺从

opposite: disobey

e.g. vt. 服从指挥/命令to obey a command/ an order 遵守规章/法律to obey rules/the law

他对父母一向绝对服从。He had always obeyed his parents without question.

大多数人都遵纪守法。Most people obey the law...

Grammar in use

条件句(Conditional sentences)

(1) 条件指某一事情完成之后其他事情才能发生。if通常的意思是“假如”，其后有时跟then(那么)。如果then没有道出，也会隐含在句子的意思内。if 引导的条件从句不是指已经发生的事件，而是指能够发生，可能发生或可能发生过的事件。如果我们认为将来的事件很可能会发生，那么if从句中要用一般现在时(有时也用其他形式的现在时)，主句中用will(或shall) 加动词形式或其他形式的将来时：

e.g. 你若是不小心，就会打碎花瓶的。You’ll break that vase if you’re not careful.

如果我打碎了，我就买个新的。If I do, I’ll buy a new one.

如果他不买那些画，你怎么办？What will you do if he doesn’t buy those pictures?

我敢肯定他会买的。不过如果他不买，那么我就自己买。

I’m sure he will buy them, but if he doesn’t, I’ll buy them myself.

如果她正在睡觉，那就别叫醒她。Don’t wake her up if she’s sleeping.

如果她正在睡觉，我当然不会叫醒她！

Of course I shan’t/won’t wake her up if she’s sleeping!

(2) 主句中的will表示肯定如此或几乎可以肯定会如此。如果觉得其“肯定”程度达不到使用will的程度，或者如果想表达建议等其他意思，就可以用别的情态助动词来代替will：e.g. 我替你将这些信发了好吗？Shall I post these letters for you?

如果你愿意，你可以把它们寄走。You can post them if you want to.

如果明天天气好，我们可以/可能出门去。If it’s fine tomorrow, we can/may go out.

(3) 主句还可以用祈使语气等表示请求、建议等：

e.g. 明天如果下雨就呆在家里。Stay at home tomorrow if it rains.

如果你见到他，请让他给我打电话。Please tell him to ring me if you see him.

如果你不能来，请告诉我一声。Please let me know if you can’t come.

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新概念英语第一册期中测试试卷 I.单项选择。(20分) ( )1. ________ is this shirt? A. Who B. Where C. Whose D. When ( )2. Can you ________ a bookcase? A. make B. play C. drop D. catch ( )3. Are you ________, too? A. France B. French C. America D. Americas ( )4. She’s ________ under the tree. A. stand B. sit C. standding D. sitting ( )5. The aeroplane is flying ________ the river. A. in B. on C. over D. through ( ) 6. I think it’s _______ to play football and I’m ________ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interesting; interesting C. interested; interested D. interested; interesting ( ) 7. Please ________ the blackboard. Do you _______ the picture? A. look; see B. look at; see C. see; look D. see; look at ( ) 8.We _________ like ice cream. A. do B. does C. aren’t D. don’t ( ) 9. I like fish and carrots _________ dinner. A. for B. in C. on D. with ( ) 10. _________ there_________ vegetables in the kitchen? A. Are; some B. Is; some C. Are; any D. Is; any ( ) 11. We have many clubs. __________ us! A. Watch B. Play C. Run D. Join ( ) 12.—Thank you ______ me with my English. —You’re welcome. A. for helping B. help C. to help D. helping ( ) 13. —______ Tony ______ a computer? No, he ______, but I ______. A. Do; have; does; do B. Does; has; doesn’t; do

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Lesson 16 A Polite Request彬彬有礼的要求 What was the polite request? If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 参考译文 一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！ 【New words and expressions】（9） 1 park [pɑ:k] v.停放(汽车) 2 traffic ['tr?fik] n.交通 3 ticket ['tikit] n.交通法规罚款单 4 note [n?ut] n.便条 5 area ['e?ri?] n.地点 6 sign [sain] n.指示牌 7 reminder [ri'maind?] n.指示 8 fail [feil] v.无视，忘记 9 obey [?'bei] v.服从 一、单词讲解 park 1) n. 公园(public garden) the Central Park （纽约的）中央公园 2) v. 停车stop and leave (a vehicle) in a place for a time eg. You can’t park in this street. 你不能在这条街上停车。 parking lot (Am) 停车场 car park (Br) 停车场 eg. No parking! 禁止停车！ eg. No smoking! 禁止抽烟！ eg. No spitting! 禁止吐痰！ traffic[U] (vehicles moving along a road or street) 往来于街道的车辆 heavy traffic 往来车辆很多 light traffic 往来车辆不多 名词修饰名词 a traffic accident 交通事故 traffic regulations 交通法规 a traffic policeman 交通警察

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May you succeed!祝您成功！ 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。if有表示“如果”的意思如： If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor. 如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授） 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：

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Lesson 70 Red for danger 危险的红色 【Text 】During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself.When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador. 【课文翻译】 在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间，人们开始大叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。当时那公牛正忙于对付斗牛士，但突然它看见了醉汉，只见他正大声说着粗鲁的话，手里挥动着一顶红帽子。对挑衅显 然非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士，直奔醉汉而来。观众突然静了下来，可这醉汉像是很有把握似的。当公牛逼近他时，他踉跄地住旁边一闪，牛扑空了。观众欢呼起来，醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢。然而，此时已有 3个人 进入斗牛场，迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地方。好像连牛也在为他感到遗憾，因为它一直同情地看着醉汉，直到他的背影消逝，才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 【生词讲解】 1.bullfight n. 斗牛（活动） bull n. 公牛 cow n. 母牛，奶牛 ox 大公牛(oxen, pl. ) calf 小牛 bull market 牛市（股市行情很好） bear market 熊市（股市行情不好） bully n. 恃强凌弱的人bullfight n. 斗牛drunk n. 醉汉wander v. 溜达，乱走ring n. 圆形竞技场地unaware adj. 不知道的，未觉察的bull n. 公牛matador n. 斗牛士 remark n. 评论；言语 apparently adv. 明显地 sensitive adj. 敏感的 criticism n. 批评 criticism n. 批评 charge v. 冲上去 clumsily adv. 笨拙地 bow v. 鞠躬 safety n. 安全地带 sympathetically adv. 同情地

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我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。” This is no parking area. 这个区域不能停车。 You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. 如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。 This note is only a reminder. “谨此提请注意。” If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！

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What colour is Mrs. White’s dog? Her dog is brown and white. What colour are your dogs? Our dogs are white. What colour is your brother’s car? His car is red. What colour are their cars? Their cars are blue. red books white shirts grey coats yellow tickets blue suits black and grey hats green passports black umbrellas white handbags orange ties brown and white dogs blue pens

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Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! New words and expressions 生词和短语 park v. 停放（汽车）traffic n. 交通ticket [?tikit]n. 交通违规罚款单note [n?ut] n. 便条area [???ri?]n. 地段sign [sain]n. 指示牌reminder [r??ma?nd?]n. 提示fail [feil]v. 无视，忘记obey [??bei]v. 服从 参考译文 一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！ 1.A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 1) polite [p?'lait] adj. (politer, politest) more polite和most polite亦常见 1. having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others有礼貌的；客气的；儒雅的synonym: courteous ['k?:ti?s]有礼貌的；客气的；(尤指) 恭敬的，谦恭的 e.g. 请礼貌待客。Please be polite to our guests. 2. socially correct but not always sincere 应酬的；礼节性的；客套的： e.g. 我不晓得怎么说应酬话。I don’t know how to make polite conversation. 3. [only before noun] from a class of society that believes it is better than others 上流社会的 adv. politely n. [u] politeness 2) request [ri?kwest]n., v. n. ~(for sth.) / ~(that…) 1. the action of asking for sth. formally and politely(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求： e.g. 他们要求再给一些帮助。They made a request for further aid. 他按照经理的要求到了那里。 He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request.(=because his manager had asked him to go) 2. a thing that you formally ask for要求的事 e.g. 广播点播节目a radio request programme (=a programme of music, songs, etc. that listeners have asked for) v. ~sth. (from sb.) (formal) to ask for sth. or ask sb. to do sth. in a polite or formal way(正式或礼貌地)请求；要求 e.g. [vn] 你可以索要一份免费的宣传单。You can request a free copy of the leaflet. (copy n. [c] 1. (书、报纸等的一本，一册，一份) 2. [c] ~(of sth.) 复印件，复制品) (leaflet[?li:flit]n. 散页印刷品；传单；宣传手册；广告手册)

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新概念英语第二册课堂笔记第16课Lesson 16 ★New words and expressions ☆park v.停放（汽车） stop the car 车在运动中停下来 parking area 停车场 ☆traffic n.交通 traffic police 交通警 traffic lights 交通灯 (in) traffic jam 交通堵塞 (in) heave traffic 交通拥挤 ☆not n.便条；纸钞 message 消息 make notes 做笔记 ☆area n.地段；场地（一块地方） place 地点 region 地区（交战、开火） ☆reminder n.提示（能够致人、也可指物） v.指示；提醒 reminder sb of sth

reminder sb to do sth ★fail v.无视；忘记 v.失败 fail 宾语失败做某事 fail in doing sth 在某些方面失败 fail to do 没有能够做某事 He fail to swim across the river. not fail to do sth 一定能做某事 I can not fail to pass it. 我一定会通过的。 You can not fail to obey it. 你一定会遵守。 ★Text If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this not on my car：‘sir, we welcome you to our city. This i s a “No parking” area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention