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虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿
虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结

朱世梅

新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下:

一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达:

a. 非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。

b. 与客观事实相反地情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上,表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。

c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显得标志。

二.虚拟语气的考点为:

1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句:

a.与现在的事实相反:从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day.

b.与过去的事实相反:从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree.

c.与将来的事实相反:从句用should (were to,did) + 动词原形,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

注意:虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。

Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved.

=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。

Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).

2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:

He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。

I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。

Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)

3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括: suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

advise, decree (发布命令;下令), determine, prefer, stipulate, move(动议,规定),direct(命令),maintain(坚持),decide,ask

注意一:以上动词转化为名词(如:suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command, advice, desire, requirement, request, agreement, determination, preference , resolution, indication 等)后接同位语从句或表语从句时,从句要求用虚拟语气,其谓语部分用“(should)+ 动词原形” (should可省略)。

Eg:We are all for your proposal that discussion _____. 答案是A。

a. be put off

b. was put off

c. should put off

d. is to put off注意二:以上这类动词中有时候有的动词的宾语从句不用虚拟语气,必须根据句子的意思来判断。

Eg: What he said suggested(表明)that he did not agree with us.

4.It is/was + 形容词 / 过去分词 + that + (should) + 动词原形这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性,即某人对某事的反应。

此外,表示不可思议、滑稽、不可想象、令人吃惊这样的形容词如amazing, strange, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable,incredible等后的that从句中should一般不省略,而且翻译为“竟然”,表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感。

Eg: It is surprising that they should pass the time like that.

It is incredible that Jane should have finished her paper so soon. 5.would rather…, would soon er…,had rather…,would just as soon…,would prefer… 意为“宁可,但愿” 从句用虚拟语气,若表示现在或将来的事情,谓语用过去时;若表示过去的动作,用过去完成时。

Eg:I would rather that you painted the room green.

I’d just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.

6.在lest that …,for fear that…, in case t hat … 表示“唯恐,以免” 引导的表示消极意义的目的主语从句中常用虚拟语气,从句用 should +动词原形。

Eg: He put his coat over the child for fear (lest )that he should catch cold.

7.虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用 It’s (about/high/ good ) time that…,表示“该是。。。的时候了”,含有“晚一点” 的意思,表示建议现在应该做什么事,从句一般用一般过去时。

Eg: It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left

答案是C

8.虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)

(一)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。

Eg: He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。

(二)表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。

Eg: The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.

A. hasn't watered

B. didn't water

C. hadn't bee watered

D. wasn't watered 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。(答案是c)

9.在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。Eg: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. a. injure

b. injured

c. had injure

d. would injure 这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房,以免伤了他自己。(答案是a)在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。

Eg:Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed if only 引出感叹句,意思是“要是……多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望,希望发生(事实上不可能发生)与过去事实相反的情况。

10.比较if only与only if only: if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。

If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了,就好了。

11.比较need "不必做"和"本不该做" didn't need to do表示:过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。. needn't have done表示:过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。

Eg: There was plenty of time. She ___. A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried 答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。 eg:①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气) ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气) ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。(祈使语 气) 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则) A.由If引导的两种条件句: 非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法: 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg:①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反) ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.(表示可能性小)

高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结

高考英语虚拟语气的用 法总结 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类: (1)陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的,确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句,疑问句和某些感叹句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is! (2)祈使语气表示说话人的建议,请求,邀请,命令等。如 Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点: 1.主语通常是第二人称you,但多不出现,动词用原形,否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形(或be) 如 Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调,主语也可以出现,而且可以是第三人称,谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如 Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后,疑问部分通常用shall we;在Let us后,疑问部分用will you 如 Let’s go out for a walk after supper,shall we /Let us clean our classroom, will you 5. 6.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句,而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. (3)虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如 If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中, If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如:

可用虚拟语气的用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如: Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三.含蓄条件句

高中英语 第二册 语法总结 虚拟语气

新概念英语第二册语法总结:虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握: 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句: 条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为: If 主语+过去时,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形,如: If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致,句型为: If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词,如:If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致,句型为: If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)+do,主语+should(could...)+原形do,如: If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题: 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如: Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

高考英语总复习(专题攻略)之词汇、短语与句型虚拟语气的用法-难点突破

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注意:虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为: He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括: suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

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