英语中it的用法及练习
英语中it的用法及练习
一、概述
在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it）
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。（人称代词）What’s this?这是什么？
It’s a book.这是一本书。（指示代词）
What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。（非人称代词）
It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer.春天是植树的最佳时节，因为天气更暖和。（作引导词）
It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。（强调结构中的强调词）
二、it作代词
1、用作人称代词（personal it）
代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。
The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物，它是冷血动物。
My pen is missing. I can't find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了，我哪儿也找不到它了。
I won't be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回来了，请你向我妻子说一声。
I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望，我曾盼望它更好。
Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。
2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it）
相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。
-Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门？
-It's me. —是我。
I had a talk with the student. It was very helpful to her. 我和那个学生谈了次话，对她非常有帮助。
It happened during my stay in the United States. 事情发生在我在美国的时候。
-Whose exercise book is that? —谁的作业本？
-It's his . —是他的。
3、用作非人称代词（impersonal it）
代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。
-What's the time? —“几点了？”
-It's half past ten. —“十点半”（指时间）
It is late autumn now. 现在是深秋。（指时间）
It is rather cold today, isn't it?今天很冷，是不是？（指天气）
-How far is it from here to the station? —从这儿到车站有多远？
-It's about two kilometers. -大约两公里。（指距离）
It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象）
-What's the cost of the dictionary? 那本词典多少钱？
It is sixty-three. 六十三元（指价值）
It did not snow much last winter. 去年冬天雪下得不多。（指自然现象）
三、it作引导词
1、作形式主语（formal subject）
当主语是动词不定式短语、动词的-ing形式短语和主语从句时，为了避免头重脚轻，往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语。这个it称为引导词（anticipatory）it，作形式主语，放在谓语动词后的主语是真正的主语。
(1) 代替不定式短语
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 国庆节前完成这个设计有必要么？
In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.事实上，在重要的足球比赛时，警察维持秩序很困难。
It's not easy to finish the work in two days.两天之内完成这个工作不容易。
It is better to build houses on rock than on sand. 把房屋建在岩石上比建在沙地上要好。
It is necessary to use a short-wave radio.使用短波收音机很有必要。
It is not a good habit to stay up late.开夜车不是个好习惯。
（2）代替动词-ing形式短语
It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It is dangerous walking on thin ice.在薄冰上行走是危险的。
It won't be any help my going with you.我跟你去也没什么帮助。
Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗？
（3）代替主语从句
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.事实上，英语是公认的国际语言。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the movie.你没去看这个电影，真是可惜。
Has it been decided when we are to hold the sports meet?我们啥时候开运动会决定了没有？
It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.众所周知，克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
Does it matter if he can't finish the job on time?如果他不能按时完成那工作要紧吗？
2、作形式宾语(formal object)
当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而把引导词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。放在宾语补足语后面的宾语叫真正宾语，放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语中间的引导词it叫形式宾语。
（1）it代替不定式短语
I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.我认为不进行大量的记忆学好英语是不可能的。
He feels it his duty to help others.他感到帮助别人是他的职责。
She found it very difficult to answer the question.她发现很难回答这个问题。
People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方国家的人们习惯为他们的亲戚朋友买圣诞礼物。
The little boy found it very interesting to study English.那小男孩发现学英语很有趣。(2）it代替动词-ing形式短语
I think it no use telling them.我认为告诉他们没用。
Do you consider it necessary sending more people over?你觉得再派一些人去有必要吗？
We think it a waste arguing with him.我们认为和他争吵是浪费时间。
(3)it代替从句
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full我讨厌人们说话时嘴里吃东西。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们想向公众表明，他们所做的工作既重要又有必要。
We think it necessary that we (should) attend the meeting.我们认为我们去参加那个会议很有必要。
They found it strange that no one would take the money.他们感到奇怪，谁也不要这笔钱。四、it用在强调结构中
当我们要强调句子的某一部分（通常总是主语，宾语或状语）时，常用强调结构。其形式为“it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在这种结构中，it无实际意义，它只帮助改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分受到强调。如I told her the news at the gate yesterday. 这个句子就可借助it改为下列几种形式，各强调一个不同的成分。
1、强调的成分
（1）强调主语
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.是你的能力很重要，而不是你从哪来或者你是谁。
（2）强调宾语
It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday.昨天在大门口我告诉消息的是她。
It was a pen that he bought in the shop yesterday.他昨天在哪家商店里买的是一支笔。
(3)强调地点状语
It was at the gate that I told her the news yesterday. 我昨天是在大门口告诉她这个消息的。
It was in the bookstore that I met your brother the other day．（上海1990）
前几天我是在书店遇到你哥哥的。
(4)强调时间状语
It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate. 我是昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的。
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年才开始正规的收音机广播。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star. 直到她拿下墨镜我才认出她是著名的影星。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 早在600年前第一座带有表面和时针的钟就造出来了。
2、使用“It is/was…that”强调句型要注意的几点
（1）被强调部分指人时，其后除了用that之外，也可用who或whom。强调的是主语时，使用who；强调的是宾语时，使用whom。
It was Mary who picked up the wallet. 是玛丽拾到了那个钱包。
It was one of my old schoolmates whom I visited yesterday. 我昨天去看的是我的一位老校友。
It was Jack that I met in the park last week.我上星期在公园遇到的是杰克。
It was her that I met in the park yesterday.昨天在公园时里我遇到的是她。
(2)强调句的时态
一般说来，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，则用句型“It is .... that(who, whom) ... 。”如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用句型“It was ...that(who, whom)....”
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.只是在最近我在读他的诗时才开始欣赏到它的美。
It is Smith who is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.是史密斯先生明天去北京。
(3)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when、where、why或how，只用that。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.就是因为她母亲病了，她才没跟我们一起去。
It was in Shanghai that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1, 1921.中国共产党是在上海于1921年7月1日建立的。
注意：可用“It is/was because…that…”结构强调because引导的原因状语从句，如上例所示，但不能用该结构强调由since或as引导的原因状语从句，如不能说:It is everybody is here that let's begin our discussion.也不能说: It was as it was raining hard that they had to stay at home. （4）强调“not...until”结构
在强调“not...until”结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型“It is/was not until ... that ... 。”其中that从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
My father did not come until 12 o’clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.昨晚直到十二点我父亲才回家。
It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons．直到她爸爸进来时，那个男孩才开始复习功课。
It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed．直到她来看我们时，我才知道她妈妈卧病在床。
（5）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。
Did this happen in Guangzhou?
Was it in Guangzhou that this happened? 此事是在广州发生的吗？
Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon？是在1969年美国宇航员成功登上月球的吗？
（6）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是：“疑问词+is/was it +that … ？”
When did you get to know her?
When was it tha t you got to know her?你是在什么时候认识她的？
（7）可以强调方式状语和以because引导的原因状语从句。
It was unwillingly that he did it for me. 他是不情愿地替我做的那件事。
It was because he was ill that we had to come back early.正是因为他病了，我们才不得不早归。（8）可以强调宾语补足语，当连系动词不是be，表语部分是名词性词组时，也可使用这种结构强调表语，但是，当连系动词是be时，不能强调表语。
It is white that they painted the house. 他们把房子漆成的是白色。（强调宾语补足语）
It is a chief engineer that he becomes now. 他现在担任的是总工程师。（强调表语）
（9）强调句的谓语动词除了可采用现在时和过去时的单数形式外，有时根据需要还可采用复杂的形式。
It must have been Mary that you saw just now. 你刚才看到的一定是玛丽。
五、点击考点
1. no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
A.It has
B.There has
C.It is
D.There is
2.Was it in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded landing on the moon?
A.when;on
B.that;on
C.when; in
D.that; in
3.Was that I saw last night at the concert?
A.it you
B.not you
C.you
D.that yourself
4.There is a photo on the wall. a photo of Marx.
A.It
B.It's
C.Its
D.He's
5.The teacher kept telling him that he should work harder, but didn't help.
A.it
B.he
C.which
D.she
6.Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A.this
B.man
C.that
D.it
7.He felt his duty to help the poor.
A.it's
B.its
C.that
D.it
8.It Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.
A.was
B.are
C.were
D.had been
9.How long to finish the work?
A. you’ll take
B.will take you
C.you'll take it
D.will it take you
10.It was through Jack Mary got to know Bob.
A.who
B.whom
C.how
D.that
11.It was I went there I began to know something about the matter.
A.until;when
B.until;that
C.not until; that
D.not when; that
12. is difference between A and B.
A.There
B.It
C.Where
D.What
13.He said, " a long way to school. a long way to go yet before we arrive."
A.It is ; There is
B.There is ; It is
C.It is ; It is
D.There is ; There is
14.Let's get through the work quickly. seems to be little time left now.
A.It
B.There
C.That
D.Here
15.I lost my pen. I want to buy .
A.it
B.the one
C.one
D.that
16.Does matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A.this
B.that
C.he
D.it
17.My spelling book is missing. I can't remember where I put .
A.it
B.this
C.that
D.them
18.-Who's knocking at the door? - .
A.I'm John
B.John is me
C.John is the man
D.It's John
19.- What date is it today?
- is the eighth of March today.
A.The date
B.Ther
C.Today
D.It
20.It is who wrong.
A.me; me
B.me; is
C.I; am
D.I; is
21.It was late in the evening that her husband arrived home.
A.after
B.when
C.till
D.not until
22.It was during the 1950s that the friendship between my father and your father reached higher point.
A.their
B.the
C.its
D.a
23.-Was that the new school master who walked by?
- .
A.It must be that
B.It must have been
C.He must be
D.This must have been
24.I can't quite remember you started doing the work.
A.that it was when
B.when it was that
C.when was it that
D.that was it when
25.I don't know makes her afraid of having her business discussed.
A.what it is about Mary that
B.that is it about Mary that
C.what is it about Mary that
D.that it is about Mary that
26. he made up his mind to take a trip to Europe?
A.When was it that
B.That was it when
C.That it was when
D.When it was that
27. In summer _________ hotter in Shanghai than in Beijing.
A. it is
B. it were
C. there is
D. this is
28. _________ true that you met Premier Zhou once?
A. Were it
B. Was it
C. Is it
D. Is there
29. _________ in the city that I saw your friend yesterday.
A. This is
B. That is
C. There is
D.It is
30. ________that he has gone abroad.
A. He is said
B.It is said
C.It was said
D.It says
答案：1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.C 21.D22.D23.B24.B25.A 26.A27.A28.C29.D30.B
中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结
中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结 (88条) ◆1 。 cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事： It takes sb some time to do sth 。= sb spend some time doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。 某人花钱买某物： sb spend some money on sth 。 = sb pay some money for sth 。 = sth cost sb 。 some money 。 ※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。 ※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ？ The sweater ________ me 90 yuan 。 = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater 。 He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone 。 It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。= He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day 。 ◆2 。 thanks for为…而感谢 ⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party 。 thanks to 多亏/于 第 1 页共 1 页 ⑵______ your help 。I got good grades 。
英语it的用法小结
英语it的用法小结 江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611 1．实义的it。 实义的it用来指代具体的内容。 1．1．指代上文提过的除人以外的生物或非生物，复数形式为they。 The earth is the planet that we live on. It is the fifth largest planet of the solar system. This car is not fast enough. It can only do 60 miles an hour. John is in the school football team. It was reorganized last year. “Where is the cat?”“It is in the garden.” “Where are the cats?”“They are in the garden.” 1．2．指代上文提过的性别不明或无须指明性别的小孩。 To feed a child without also educating it is a fault in the father. What’s matter with the baby? It has been crying. Her baby is due next month. She hopes it will be boy. 1．3．作主语指代上文提过的人，谓语用以指明该人的身份。 “Who is that at the door?”“It’s the postman.” The footsteps drew nearer and she saw from behind the curtain who her visitor was. And she opened the door to welcome her. It was Maria Cragg.（文中的主人已知客人是谁，所以在使用It之前就使用了her，但读者依然不明白，所以最后用It 作主语谓语指明该人的身份。） 1．4．作主语，指代谓语部分所说明的自然现象（如：风、雨、热、冷）、季节、时间、距离、环境等。 It was raining hard when he got off the train. Is it very cold in your country in December? It is high time (that) we had a rest. It was early spring / 1986 when we first met. It is six months since he lost his job. It won’t be long before we meet again. It is only two hours’ ride / eighty miles to Cleveland. It is very dark / pretty / crowded / noisy /dirty in the room. 1．5．指代上下文或一定语境所表明的情况、事件等。 “I’m trying to change my job.”“You’ll find it difficult.”（it指调换工作这件事。） “I’ll have to work all night through.”“It is awful.”（it指你彻夜工作这件事。）You’ll be in trouble before you know it.（it指你陷入困境这件事。。） English is very important, and we all know it.（it指英语的重要性。） When the factory closes, it will mean 500 redundancies.（it指工厂倒闭这件事。有些学者把此处及以下四个句子中的it解释为形式主语或形式宾语但却无法解释没有真正的主语/宾语何来形式主语/宾语。） I’d appreciate it if you could help me with the work.（it指你帮助我工作这件事。）
高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲 打印版
高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如： 1）That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。 2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如： 3）It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？ it可用来指代团体。如： 4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。 it用以代替指示代词this, that.如： 5）--- What's this? --- It's a pen. —这是什么？—是一支钢笔。 6）--- Whose book is that? --- It's Mike's. —那是谁的书？—是迈克的。 2. 指示代词it，常用以指人。如： 7）Go and see who it is. 去看看是谁。 8）--- Who is making such a noise? —是谁发出这样的吵闹声？ --- It must be the children. —一定是孩子们。 3.虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如： 9）It is half past three now. 现在是三点半钟。 10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. 天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。 it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如： 12）It's awful—I've got so much work I don't know where to start. 糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。 13）How is it going with you? 你近况如何？ 14）Take it easy. 不要紧张。 it也常用于下列结构： 15）It looks as if the college is very small. 看起来这个学院很小。 16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect. 似乎我们的计划很完善。 17）It's my turn. 该轮到我了。 it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气 4. 先行词it. it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。 （1）用作形式主语
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中考英语重点词汇用法大全
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2020年英语中考归纳复习专题：代词
2020年英语中考归纳复习专题：代词 【人称代词、物主代词与反身代词】 1.人称代词 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用
作宾语或表语。 （1）主格通常用在动词前作主语。如： I like apples.我喜欢苹果。 （2）宾格通常用在动词或介词后作宾语。如： He often helps me learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。（动词后作宾语） My younger brother is ill.We’re worried about him.我弟弟生病了，我们很担心他。（介词后作宾语） 2.物主代词 物主代词表示所属关系，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的功能，不能单独使用，用在名词前作限定词。名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，其后不跟名词，名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This pen is mine.（=This is my pen.）这支钢笔是我的。 3.反身代词反身代词表示“某人自己”的意思,是人称代词的强调形式,一般用在宾语和主语是同一人的情况下,或用来强调某人亲自做某事。其变化规则为:单数后面加self,复数后面加selves。一般用作动词或介词的宾语。反身代词的常见搭配: enjoy oneself 玩得开心;过得愉快 teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自学 by oneself=alone 独自 hurt oneself 伤着自己
help oneself to sth.随便吃点东西 look after oneself 照顾自己 leave sb.by oneself 把某人单独留下 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 lose oneself in陶醉于……;沉浸于…… 【考点训练1】 1.I think it’s important for children to help _____ (they) parents with housework. 2.Don’t worry about____.I’m old enough to look after ______.(I) 3.____ (we) computers are new，but _____ (they) are old. 4.I have a cat and ___ name is Mimi. （） A.its’ B.it’s C.it D.its Their me myself Our theirs D 【不定代词】 不明确指代某个（些）人、某个（些）事物而起名词或形容词作用的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分。常见的不定代词如下：
(完整版)中考英语重点单词用法热身(收藏必备)
中考英语重点单词用法热身（收藏必备） consider是动词，意为考虑，思考，认为”。常用于下列结构： 1. consider+n。/pron。如： We must con sider the matter carefully 。 我们必须仔细考虑这件事。 2. consider doing sth 。如： Mr.Wa ng is con sideri ng going to America 。 王先生正在考虑前往美国。 3. c on side叶连接代（副）词+不定式如： They should con sider what to do n ext 。 他们应该考虑下一步该怎么办。 ［友情提示］ consider作认为”讲时，其后还可跟复合宾语，宾语补足语可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语和不定式（多为to be形式）等。如： I con sider myself to be lucky 。
我认为自己是幸运的 注：be terrified比be afraid的语气更强，害怕的程度更大一些。 18. c on ti nue continue意为“（使）继续，（使）连续”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 1）作及物动词。如： Let C s ntinue our meeting。咱们继续开会吧。 2）作不及物动词。如： Ten minutes later ，the class continued。 10分钟后，又上课了。 3）c ontinue to do sth。与continue doing sth。，均可表示继续做某事”。 如： She continued to play the pia no 。她继续弹钢琴。 He continued work ing though he was ill 。 他虽然有病，但一直坚持工作。 19. c on sider consider是动词，意为考虑，思考，认为”。常用于下列结构： 1. consider+n。/pron。如： We must con sider the matter carefully o
高中英语It的用法专项练习题
高中英语It的用法专项练习题一 1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? A.that B.while C.in which D.then 2. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A.this B.that C.it D.he 3. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A.this B.that C.its D.it 4. Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 5. It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. A.when, that B.until, that C.until, that D.when, then 6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better. A.that B.this C.one D.it 7. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began. A.while B.which C.that D.since 8. ______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A.There B.This C.That D.It 9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty. A.until B.that C.then D.so
中考英语代词知识点总结
专题二 代词 知考点 知识清单 重点考点清单 一．人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 1. 各人称的不同代词形式一览表 2. 用法 （1）人称代词： ① 人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。 ② 人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词和介词的宾语或表语。 ③ 几个人称代词并列充当主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式（二、三、一）you ，he/she and I ；复数形式（一、二、三）we ，you and they 。 （2）物主代词： ① 形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，放在名词的前面，一般不单独使用。 ② 名词性物主代词不需要加名词，它相当于一个形容词性物主代词+一个名词。 ③ 名词性物主代词还可与of 连用，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 （3）反身代词： ① 反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语或是同位语。 ② 反身代词的固定搭配有：help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 by oneself 单独地 teach oneself 自学 hurt oneself 伤害某人 for oneself 为自己，亲自 lose oneself 失去自我 learn by oneself 自学 in itself 本质上 二、不定代词 1. 普通的不定代词 （1）常见的普通不定代词的含义及用法
（2）other ，the other ，others ，the others 和another 的区别 2. 复合不定代词 （1）常用的复合不定代词及含义
（2）不定代词的用法 ① 当指人的复合不定代词everyone ， nobody 等在句子陈述部分做主语时，反意疑 问部分的主语通常用代词they ；当指物的复 合不定代词everything ， nothing 等在句子 陈 述部分做主语时，其反意疑问部分的主语通 常用代词it 。 ② 当复合不定代词something ， everyone 等被形容词或else 修饰时，形容词或else 必须放在这些词的后面。 3．指示代词、one 和it 的用法 （1）指示代词如下面 （2）指示代词的用法 ① this/these 常用来指代离自己较近的人或物；也可以指下文要提到的事。 ② that/those 常指离自己较远的人或 物；指前面刚刚提到过的事；也常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 ③ 打电话时用this 介绍自己，that 用 于询问对方。 （3）one 的用法 one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的 一个，同类而不同一。 （4）it 的用法 ① it 特指上文提到过的同一对象，是 同一事物。 ② it 指代婴儿或身份不明的人。 ③ it 可指代天气、距离、时间或季节。 ④ it 可代替指示代词this 或that 。 一、人称代词的判断法 人称代词主要考查在具体语境中主格和宾格的选择。主格主要看是否在句中作主语，宾格则主要看是否放在动词或介词后面。 例： 二、物主代词的区别方法 物主代词的常考点是形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别。而区别它们的一个方法是看设空处后面有没有名词，如果有名词，则用形容词性物主代词；反之，则用名词性物主代词。 例： 三、反身代词的答题技巧 在解答反身代词这一题目时，考生只要记住一句话：所选反身代词应和句子主语保持一致就可以了。 例： 四、不定代词的答题技巧 不定代词是中考的重点考查对象。在解答此类题时应注意以下几点：首先需要弄清所给不定代词的意思；其次弄清所给不定代 词之间的区别；然后再结合具体语境，就不难做出正确的判断和选择了。 例： 五、指示代词的答题技巧 解答指示代词一题时，我们首先应分析前后文，理清逻辑关系，然后明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判误选。 例：