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初中英语所有要学习的时态

初中英语所有要学习的时态
初中英语所有要学习的时态

一、一般现在时:主语+am/is/are/动词原形

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常和时间状语连用。时间状语:every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday He often wakes up at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。(注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.)

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。eg. I don't want so much./Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup./I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

3. 句式结构:当主语是第三人称单数时:肯定句主语+动词的第三人称单数+其他

否定句主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他

一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其他

肯定回答Yes,主语+does

否定回答No,主语+doesn't

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

当主语不是第三人称单数时:肯定句主语+动词原形+其他

否定句主语+don't+动词原形+其他一般疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+其他

要注意,句式结构错则全局都错。

二、一般过去时:

概念:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定

形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他

时间状语:Ago(two hours ago(一段时间+ago),yesterday(句子开头或结尾),the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…),具体时间(如Jan.fourth),just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time(很久以前),and so on,this morning.long long ago.

动词变化规则

3.动词规则变化:1.直接加ed:work—— workedlook——lookedplay——played,

2.以e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ——livedhope——hopeduse——used, 3 以辅音字母+y

结尾的,变y为i加ed:study—— studied carry——carriedworry——worried,

4 以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed:enjoy ——enjoyed play——played

5 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed:stop—— stoppedplan——不规则变化:planned is/am-was

Are-were

Begin-began

blow -blew

bring -brought

基本结构:

主语+动词过去式+其他

否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词

一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他?

三、现在进行时:

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中。

2.句式结构:主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式

第一人称单数I+am+ing. 第一人称复数We+are+ing.

第二人称单(复)数You+are+ing

第三人称单数He(She,it)+is+ing 第三人称复数They+are+ing

肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词

否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词

一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?

四、过去进行时:

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.句式结构:1.过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。

2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成

例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车?

3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were + 主语+ 现在分词”构成

例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?

六、过去完成时:

1.概念:)①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。

2.句式结构:主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)

①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词.

②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词.

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+had not .

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)?

⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn't)+been+过去分词

七、一般将来时:

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow(明天),next week (下周),from now on(从现在开始);in the future(将来)等。一般将来时由助动词shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)动词原形构成。

2. 基本句型结构:肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go.

否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go.

疑问句:Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go?

简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语shall/will (否) No,主语shall/will not

八、过去将来时:

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语:the n ext day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.

4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.句式结构:肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形+其它

否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形+其它

疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形+其它

肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形+其它

否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形+其它

疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形+其它

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