(完整word)初中英语语法——三大从句汇总,推荐文档.docx

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总

在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从

句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句 , 包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以下是一些

基本的从句的语法知识点

A、定语从句专项讲解与训练

一、定语从句概念

定语从句（ attributive clause ），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定

语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。

定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：

The woman who lives next door is a teacher.

先行词定语从句

在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰

名词。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有： who, that, which 。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示：

格

先行词主格宾格所有格

人who whom whose

物which

which whose

of which

人、物 that that—

（一）关系代词who, whom 和whose的用法

who 代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

An architect is a person who designs buildings.建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。

Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first.想应聘这个职位的任何人都必

须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。

whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：

Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday?昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先

生你认识吗？

This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。

The girl who I saw is called Mary.我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who 代替了宾格whom，亦可省略）

whose 一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：

The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad.其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生

过去在国外留学。

Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here?我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，

你知道吗？（关系代词whose 指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。 whose window=the window of which，意思是： the window of the hotel。）

（二）关系代词which 的用法

which 代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如：

I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.

我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which 可以换成that ）

Tom works for a factory which makes watches.

汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which 可以换成 that ）

（三）关系代词that的用法

that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如：

Is she the girl that sells newspapers?

who）

她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（ that 可以换成

Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了？（that可以换成which ）

Is this the book that you want to buy?

that which

三、关系副词引导的定语从句

常用的关系副词只有三个： when, where, why ，在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住一个

口诀：

the time when

the place where

the reason why

（一）关系副词when 的用法

关系副词 when 代替的先行词表示的是时间，when 在定语从句作时间状语。例如：

In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.

北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。（ when 先行词是 months ） Do

you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace?

你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗？（when 先行词是day，当代英语里when 可以用that替代，这时关系代词

that就变成了表示时间的关系副词）

I haven’t seen her since the year wh en I left Tokyo.

year，同样when 可以用that代替）

自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。（when先行词

是

（二）关系副词where 的用法

关系副词 where 代替的先行词表示的是地点，where 在定语从句作地点状语。例如：

During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.

春节期间，我回到了生我养我的家乡。（where 的先行词是town ）

This is the place where Li Bai once lived.

这是李白曾经生活过的地方。（where先行词是place）

上面这个句子不可以将where改为that，因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句：

This is the place that Li Bai once visited.

（that的先行词同样是place，但这个that是关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，这是李白曾经游览过的地方。

还可以用 which 替换）

（三）关系副词why 的用法

关系副词 why 代替的先行词表示的是原因，why 在定语从句作原因状语。例如：

The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.

我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。（ why 先行词是reason，当代英语里why 可以用that替代，that why

This is the reason why he came late to school.

这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。（why 先行词是reason ， why 可以用 that替代，还可以省略）

注意：如果上面的句子将the reason省略，那么这个句子就变成了（This is why he came late to school.）表语从句，句子意思丝毫未变。

四、特殊关系代as 引的定从句

as 是个比特殊的关系代，一是用在某些句型搭配里，二是独立于主句之外。下面分解。

（一）在固定搭配as?as, so ?as, such ?as, the same ?as中，as引定从句

You may take as many books as you want.

你想要拿多少就拿多少。（第一个as 是副，修many的；第二个as 才是关系代，代替先行books ，在定从

句中作）

I have got such a computer as yours.

我有一台你的。（as 是关系代，代替先行computer ，在定从句中作表，因yours 后省略了 is）

I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin.

我从未像桂林那美的地方。（ as 是关系代，代替先行place，在定从句中作表，因Guilin后省略了is）

（二）独立于主句之外，as引定从句

As we know, the earth turns around the sun.

正如我所知，地球太阳旋。

As is known to us,

（ As we know 和 As is known to us均定从句，as分作和主，替代后面的主句。）

Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.

你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。（关系代as指代整个主句，在定从句中作。）

五、关系代who, which与that的区

（一）关系代who 与 that的区

1.当关系代用作主，多用主格

who。例如：

He who loses hope loses all.

失去希望的人就失去一切。（先行代he, they, any, all, one等，多用who）

I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.

我遇艾斯，她告我她在学。（在非限制性定从句中，用who）

2.当关系代用作介后的，用格whom，不用that。例如：

The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.

我校才与他的那个人是我的英老。（介与关系代密相，只能用格whom，不可用主格who）注意：介与关系代不是密相，或者介放在句子后面，可以用主格who，也可用 that ，可以省略

关系代。因此，上面的句可以有如下四种法：

(1)The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(2)The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(3)The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(4)The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

第 4 句简洁、自然，所以口语中用得最多。

3.当关系代词泛指人时，多用that 。例如：

He is a man that is never afraid of failure.

他是个从不怕失败的人。（that用来泛指人）

4.当关系代词出现在 who开头的疑问句时，应用 that 。例如：

Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?

用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁？（避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清）

（二）关系代词which与that的区别

1.当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时，关系代词多用that。例如：All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。

She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。

2.当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时，关系代词一般

都用that。例如：

This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的一部小说。

He is the only person that has been invited to the ball.他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。

3.当关系代词出现在 which 开头的疑问句时，应用 that 。例如：

Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest?哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆？（这里使用that 很明显是为了避免重复which ）

4.在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词一般只用which 。例如：

Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008Olympic Games.北京是中华人民共和国的首都，将主办2008年奥运会。

5.介词后的关系代词用 which ，而不用 that 。例如：

She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps.她收集了600 张邮票，其中60％是德国邮票。

六、定语从句的位置

如前所述，定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语，

这样它们被分隔了，这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。例如：

There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.

楼上有一个女孩，大喊大叫。很明显，她疯了。（定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl，被upstairs 所隔开）

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

明天要来一位新老教你德了。（定从句置于句末以示）

B、从句

从句是英复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的，将个句子叫做

从句。从句做介或及物的。在从下列三个方面如下：

一，引

A, 由 that 引的述句性的从句，在很多如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel 等后。that 只起接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无意，在口中常被省略，但在大多数情况下

是以不省好，特是在笔中。

例： I told him that he was wrong.

l 在 think,believe, suppose, expect 等引起的从句中，有尽管是否定意，却不用否定形式，而将think 等否定形式。

例：I don’ t think you are right我.(你做的不)

l 在多有复合的句子中，that引的从句常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式。

例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我他向每一个人撒是的)

B, 由 if 、whether 引的表示“是否?”的从句。 Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以替。

例： I don’ t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.

The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.

l 在介后面的从句中不用if 引

例： Everything depends on whether we have enough money 。

l 从句中有or not 不用 if 引 .

例： I don’ t know whether the movie star will come or not.

l 和不定式用作不用if引 .

例：Whether to go there or not hasn’ t been decided.

C,由wh- 引的从句。接代who,whom,whose, what, which,和接副when, where, why, how等接的

从句，它在句中即有接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。

例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定 )

I don’ t know where he lives. (where做地点状)

二，从句的序，

从句从句的序必是述序，既接+主 ++其他成分

例：I believe that they will come soon.

He asked me whether I was a teacher.

They wanted to know what they can do for us.

二，从句的。

从句的受主句的限制，

既：主句是一般在，从句根据情况而定。

主句是一般去，从句用相的去的。如果从句的作生在主句之前，从句要用去完成。

例:

1)She says that she is a student.

She said that she was a student.

2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.

She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

3)She says that she has finished her homework already.

She said that she had finished her homework already.

4)She says that she can sing a song in English.

She said that she could sing a song in English.

l如果从句的是客真理、自然象或事，从句要用一般在。例： The teacher said

that the earth goes round the sun.

He told me that Japan is an island country.

lCould you tell me 是用?来征方的意，气委婉，并不表示去。例： Could

you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?

注意事：

u由述句成从句，要注意人称的化。

例： She said:“ I have been to England before.

”

She said that she had been to England before.

”

She asked me: “ Do you like maths?

She asked me if I liked maths.

u 从句与句的交。

由接代和接副引的从句，如果从句的主和主句的主是同一个人，可以用“疑 +不定式”做的句构。

例：I don’ t know what I should do next.

I con’ t know what to donext.

He didn ’ t know where he would live.

He didn ’ t know where to live.

DO SOME EXERCISES:

1.Can you see________?

A. what he’ s reading

B. what is he reading

C. what does he read

D. he reads what

2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?( 合并成一个句子)Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan?

3.---What did your son say in the letter?---He told me that he_______ the Disney would the next day

A.will visit

B. has visited

C. is going to visit

D. would visit

4.He didn t know’__________

A.what ’ s the matter

B.what the matter is

C. what was the matter

D. what the matter was

5.Somebody called you just now,but I didn’ t know____

A.who were they

B. who they were

C. who was it

D. who it was

6.I want to know_____

A.what is his name

B. what’ s his name

C. that his name is

D. what his name is

7.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for?---Her cousin,susan.

A.that

B.whose C .who D.which

8.---What are you searching the Internet for?--- I ’ m trying to find out____.

A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU

B.How many persons have died in Iraq

C.How to protect our environment

D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea

9.Do you know___________________________________________________?( 谁正在唱歌 )

10.Do you know__________________________________________________?( 她正在和谁谈话)

11.Do you know___________________________________________________?( 昨天发生了什么事)

The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B

9 who is singing

10 who she is talking with

11 what happened yesterday

C、同位语从句

(一 ) 概念

一般来说，在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词

表示的具体内容。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有： advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word （消息），problem ， question, doubt, thought 等。例如：

They were delighted at the news that their team had won.

当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come ？你从哪儿听说我不能来？

有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：

The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.

他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。

（二）引导词

[寻规找矩 ] 请仔细观察下列句子，注意从句引导词的用法。

1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

2. He hasn’ t made the decision whether will go there.

3.The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.

4.I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.

5.We haven ’ t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.

6.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.

7.I have no idea when he will be back ．

[小结归纳 ]

① that 引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1；

② whether 引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if 来代替 ,如句 2;

③连接代词 who, what 等可以引导同位语从句，如句3， 4；

④连接副词 where, how, when 等可以引导同位语从句，如句 5，6， 7。

(三 ) that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句

① 意义不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较：

1.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.

2.The news that you told us is really encouraging.

[分析 ] 句 1 中 that 引导同位语从句，说明“ news的”内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。

句 2 中 that 引导定语从句，对“ news加”以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。

②that 的功能不同： that 引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时，不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。试比较：

1.Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.

2.Dad made a promise that excited all his children.

[分析 ] 句 1 中 that 引导同位语从句，其中that 无词义，也不充当任何成分；

句 2 中 that 引导定语从句，that 指代 promise，又在从句中充当主语，且that 可以用 which 替换。

③可否省略： that 在引导同位语从句时，通常不可省略。在引导定语从句时，若在从句中作宾语，通常可以省略，若作主语则不可以省略。

[即学即用 ]

I．请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。

1.They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon.

2.The fact _______ he didn’ t see Tom this morning is true.

3.Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.

4.He can ’ t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday.

5.Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?

6.The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.

II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。

1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.

2. I’ ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’ t be able to see you this afternoon.

3.He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.

4.I ’ ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.

5.One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.

III ．把下列句子翻译成英语。

1.我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。

2.他经常问我这个问题，那就是这个工作是否值得做。

3.他什么也不说，这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。

4.在我看来，他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。

5.他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。

Key:

I. 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. how 5. what

6. whether

II. 1 that→ which2. how→ that 3. if→ whether

4. where→ that / which或省略where

5. when → that

6. that→ how

III.1. I made a promise that I would write to him as soon as I got to Beijing. 2.

He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.

3.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

4.In my opinion, the news (that / which) he told me just now is true ．

5.A thought suddenly came to him that he should have picked up his son.

D、状语从句的种类

§1 状语从句的种类

用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：

1.时间状语从句

2.地点状语从句；

3.原因状语从句；

4. 条件状语从句；

5.目的状语从句；

6.让步状语从句；

7.比较状语从句；

8.程度状语从句；

9.方式状语从句； 10. 结果状语从句。

§2 状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

二时间状语从句

§3状从句（adverbial clause of time）

1.由when, while, as引的状从句。

【区】 when, while和as的区： when引的从句的可以是延性的，又可以是瞬。并且when 有表示“就在那”。

While 引的从句的作必是延性的，并主句和从句的作同生（或者相）。并且while 有

可以表示比。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延性的，was reading和was watching 同生 )

As 表示“一??一”， as 引的作是延性的作，一般用于主句和从句作同生；as 也可以“一先一

后。

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我出，开始下雪了。（as 句中两个作接着先后生，而不

开始下雪的特定）

2.由 before 和 after 引的状从句。注意 before引的从句不再用否定式的，并且当before 引的从句位

于主句之后，有成“就，才”。要注意主句和从句之的关系。当主句用将来，从句是用在；如果

before 引的从句用的是去，主句多用去完成，以便体作生的先后。After 表示主句

作生在从句作之后。主句和从句的作的关系正好与before 引的从句相反。

3.由 till 或 until 引的状从句。 till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互，但是在句型中多用until 。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的是瞬，必用否定形式；如果主句中的是延性，用肯定或否

定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

4.由since引的状从句。since引的从句的可以是延性的，又可以是瞬。一般情况下，从句用一般去，而主句的用在完成。但在It is＋＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一

般在。例如：

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引的状从句。些

都表示“一?? 就”。

as soon as之意。主句用去完成，从句

【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)?when / before, no sooner?than相当

于

用一般去。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和 no sooner位于句首，主句用倒装序。

6.由 by the time引的状从句。注意的化：在一般情况下，如果从句的用一般去，主句的

用去完成；如果主句的用一般在，主句的用将来完成。

7.由 each time, every time和whenever引的状从句。

8.由 as long as和so long as引的状从句。两个表示“有多久?? 就多久”。

三地点状从句

§4 地点状从句(adverbial clause of place)

地点状从句一般由接副where, wherever等引，已形成了固定的句型，例如：

句型 1： Where ＋地点从句，（there ）＋主句。

【注意】此句型通常成“哪里??哪里就??”；主句在从句后面，there 可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面，一般都不用there 。

句型 2： Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

状从句是句子的状由一个从句充当，来修主句中的，形容或副等。状从句都由从属引，与主句接，放在句末，一

般不在前面加逗号。

状从句根据它表示的意思可分，原因，条件，比，果，目的等。

状从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as等从属引的状从句。

状从句中的不能用一般将来，只能用一般在表示将来生的作或存在的状。

原因状从句： because, since, as和 for都表示原因。 because最，回答why 提出的，用来明人所不知的原因。当能很明的看出原因或人已知原因，就用as 或 since 。

由 because 引的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，可以用for 来代替。但如果不是明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for 。

目的状从句：表示目的状的从句可以由in order that, so that,等引。

果状从句：果状从句常由so...that或 such...that引，要掌握和区分两个句型，

首先要了解 so 和 such 后面分跟什么。such 是形容，修名或名，so 是副 , 只能修

形容或副。so 可与表示数量的形容many, few, much, little用，形成固定搭配。

如： The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

步状从句：是由though, although引的状从句。

E、表从句

表从句就是用一个句子作表。明主是什么或者怎么，由名、形容或相当于名或形容的或短充当，和系一起构

成。

表从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的只能是系。

名性从句在be 等系后作表被称表从句，例如：The problem is how we can get the things

we need. 是我怎能弄到我需要的西。(how在表从句中充当方式状)// The scissors are not what I need.把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表从句中充当)// What I told him was that I would find

him a good play.我告他的是我会他找个好本。(what在主从句中作直接，that 作表从句的

引在表从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要你的。(what在表从句中充当直接)// That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考不及格的原因。

(why 在表从句中充当原因状)

“That is why...是”常用句型，意“ 就是?? 的原因/因此??”，其中why引的名性从句在句中作

表，句型通常用于前面已明的原因行，又如：That is why you see this old woman

before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，就是在个老太婆出在你面前的原因。( 前文提到Jeanne老人

得老憔悴深感异，人她述了其中的原因之后，用一句来行概括)。// That is why I came.

就是我来的原因。

下面是两个与“That is why...形”式相似的构，它与“That is why...”构之的关系要能辨析清楚：

(1) “That is why... ”与“That is the reason why... ”同，只不从法构上，“That is the reason why...”中why引的是—个定从句，将其中的the reason去掉与“ That is why...构”一，例如：That is (the reason) why I cannot agree.就是我不能同意的理由。

(2) “That is because...句”型中从属because引的名性从句在此作表，也是个常用句型，意“ 就是什么??/因??”。“That is because...与”“That is why...之” 的不同在于“That is because...指”原因或理由，“That is why...”指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：

He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看影，那是因他得帮助他的妹妹做作。(第一句明果，第二句明原因) He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看那部影，因此他昨

天晚上没有去看。(第一句明原因，第二句明果)

［考 1 ］

The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so. (2007上海)

A. when

B. why

C. whether

D. that

［答案］D

［解析］下划之后是包含一个原因状从句的表从句，如果看不出它是充当整个句子构的表从句将以把握整个句子的

意思。因此，可引名性从句且不充当任何成分的 that 。

［考 2 ］

You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)

A. why

B. where

C. what

D. how

［答案］B

［解析］下划的引引系is后的表从句并在表从句中充当地点状( “disagree”属于不及物，“I disagree本”身是完整的主构)，下划填入引where，表从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之、我不同意的地方”。

［考 3 ］

— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)

A. why

B. when

C. what

D. where

［答案］A

［解析］下划的引引与系is用的表从句并在表从句中充当原因状，下划

填入表示“因此??”(指因某种原因所造成的果)的引why。

［考 4 ］

____ she couldn ’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000

上海 )

A. What; why

B. That; what

C. What; because

D. Why; that

［答案］A

［解析］第一个下划的引引主从句并在主从句中充当，特指她所不理解的事情，

填入关系代型的引what ；第二个下划表示“因此??”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引的名性从句)而不是“ 什么??”(指原因、理由，由because引的名性从句) ，填入引why。

［考 5 ］

____made the

school

proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)

A. What; because

B. What; that

C. That; what

D. That; because

［答案］B

［解析］第一个下划的引引主从句并在主从句中充当主，用关系代型的引

what ；第二个下划引表从句表示原因、理由，特指令校方傲的事情，由that 引的名

性从句。

［考 6 ］

— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

— Oh, that ’s ____. (2003 北京春 )

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it

D. when I feel excited

［答案］A

［解析］ A 的意思是“令我感激的事物”； B 的意思是“我得激的任何事物”； C 的

意思是“我它感的方式”； D 主

that ，充当表从句。

的意思是“令我感激的”。四个中 A 最适合跟代表“game”的表从句与从句的关系

从句和表从句都属于名性从句。其作用跟名在句中的作用相同。故充当的句子叫从句，

充当表的句子叫表从句。

宾语从句

(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点

①语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语+ 谓语”这种形式。

②时态 : 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句 , 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即 (一般过去时从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候过去

进行时 , 过去完成时 , 过去将来时 )。 ,

,

③连接词 : 当从句意思完整不确定或含否定含意时 , 常用问词。

, 主句意思肯定时

if 或 whether(是否),

, 连接词用 that, 当

从句意思不完整时

且可以省去, 当从句意思完整,主句意思

, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑

表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导

词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。

如：What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。

The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金。

This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的。

That ”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。

His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。

注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。

as as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。

She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事。

It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了。

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)知识讲解

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。） （二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that） （三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

初中英语语法——If引导的条件状语从句(讲解及练习)

条件句从句主句 真实一般现在时一般将来时 情态动词+动原祈使句 非真实 一般过去时 be动词用（were） would/could+动原初中英语――条件状语从句（讲解&练习） Ⅰ条件状语从句的定义 Ⅱ条件状语从句的引导词 1.if引导的条件状语从句：表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 If we pay much attention to the earth, we'll have a better world. 如果我们多关爱地球，就会拥有一个更美好的世界 If it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 如果明天下雨，我们怎么办？ 注意：if还可以引导虚拟条件句，表示不可实现的条件，从句中多用一般过去时或过去完成时。 What would happen if there were no water ? 如果没有水会怎样？ 2.unless引导的条件状语从句，unless的意思是如果不，除非。可与if...not互换。 You will fail in English unless you work hard. 你英语考试会不及格的，除非你更加努力。 3.as /so long as引导的条件状语从句：as /so long as意思是“只要” So long as you're happy,i will be happy. 只要你高兴，我就高兴。 Ⅲ条件状语从句的种类 Ⅳ条件状语从句的时态原则 用法例句 ①主句为一般将来时态，if从句用一般 现在时态（即主将从现）。We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我将要呆在家。 ②主句中含有情态动词，if从句用一 般现在时态。If you finish your homework, you can go home now.如果你做完了作业，你现在可以回家了。 ③主句为祈使句，if从句用一般现在 时态。Don’t jump into the river if you feel very hot. 如果你感到很热，不要跳入河里。 ④主句为过去将来时，if从句用一般 过去时态（如果涉及到be动词， 一律都用were）。此时，表达的是和现实相反的推测，用虚拟语 气。If I were you, I wouldn’t do it like that.如果我是你，我就不会那么做的。 If you gave me some money, I would be very happy. 如果你给我一些钱，我就会很高兴的。 二、if 引导的条件状语从句 （1）“if 从句+祈使句”的句子。其实，if 作为一个连词，主句也可以是其他形式的句子。 例如：If you want to go, please let me know. (2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”

初中英语语法状语从句大全

初中英语语法状语从句大全 1.时间状语从句 引导连词有when，while，till，not…until，since， after ,before ,as soon as The bus won’t start until everybody gets on. 公共汽车直到每人都上车为止，才开动。 When he knocked at the door I was cooking. 当他敲门时，我正在煮饭。 Last night before he came back home, his wife had already cooked dinner and waited for 2 hours. 昨天晚上在他回到家之前，他的妻子已经做好晚饭足足等了他两小时之久。 After I went to church, I went shopping. 2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 哪里有志向，哪里就有出路。有志者事竟成。 Where there is a life, there is a hope. 哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you. 不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都会在此守侯你。

3.原因状语从句 引导连词有because，as, since。 He didn′t see the film because he had seen it. 他没有看那部电影，因为他已经看过了。 They couldn’t get on the train，for it was too crowed. 比较：because, since, as和for 1) because语势，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则能 够用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.

英语语法从句讲解

从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

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初中英语定语从句用法归纳 定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)

初中英语语法状语从句-精华版

状语从句 状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如： When while as 的区别It was raining hard（rain hard 下大雨）when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along（沿着走）the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里 如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 例如： The young man read till the light went out（熄灭）. Let’s wait until the rain stops. We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off（从下来）until the bus stops. 【。固定组合里from morning till night，till/until是不能替换的，】 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill. (3)“祈使句+ and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因状语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如： He didn’t come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not （不得；不应该）go the zoo. Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.