模具毕业设计论文外文翻译

Injection Molding

The basic concept of injection molding revolves around the ability of a thermoplastic material to be softened by heat and to harden when cooled .In most operations ,granular material (the plastic resin) is fed into one end of the cylinder (usually through a feeding device known as a hopper ),heated, and softened(plasticized or plasticated),forced out the other end of the cylinder,while it is still in the form of a melt,through a nozzle into a relatively cool mold held closed under pressure.Here,the melt cools and hardens until fully set-up.The mold is then opened,the piece ejected,and the sequence repeated.

Thus,the significant elements of an injection molding machine become :1)the way in which the melt is plasticized (softened) and forced into the mold (called the injection unit); 2)the system for opening the mold and closing it under pressure (called the clamping unit);3)the type of mold used;4)the machine controls.

The part of an injection-molding machine,which converts a plastic material from a sold phase to homogeneous seni-liguid phase by raising its temperature .This unit maintains the material at a present temperature and force it through the injection unit nozzle into a mold .The plunger is a combination of the injection and plasticizing device in which a heating chamber is mounted between the plunger and mold. This chamber heats the plastic material by conduction .The plunger,on each storke; pushes unmelted plastic material into the chamber ,which in turn forces plastic melt at the front of the chamber out through the nozzle

The part of an injection molding machine in which the mold is mounted,and which provides the motion and force to open and close the mold and to hold the mold close with force during injection .This unit can also provide other features necessary for the effective functioning of the molding operation .Moving plate is the member of the clamping unit,which is moved toward a stationary member.the moving section of the mold is bolted to this moving plate .This member usually includes the ejector holes

and moldmounting pattern of blot holes or “T” slots .Stationary plate is the fixed member of the clamping unit on which the stationary section of the mold is bolted .This member usually includes a mold-mounting pattern of boles or “T” slots.Tie rods are member of the clamping force actuating mechanism that serve as the tension member of the clamp when it is holding the mold closed.They also serve as a gutde member for the movable plate .Ejector is a provision in the clamping unit that actuates a mechanism within the mold to eject the molded part(s) from the mold .The ejection actuating force may be applied hydraulically or pneumatically by a cylinder(s) attached to the moving plate ,or mechanically by the opening storke of the moving plate.

Methods of melting and injecting the plastic differ from one machine to another and are constantly being improred .couventional machines use a cylinder and piston to do both jobs .This method simplifies machine construction but makes control of injection temperatures and pressures an inherently difficult problem .Other machines use a plastcating extruder to melt the plastic and piston to inject it while some hare been designed to use a screw for both jobs :Nowadays,sixty percent of the machines use a reciprocating screw,35% a plunger (concentrated in the smaller machine size),and 5%a screw pot.

Many of the problems connected with in jection molding arises because the densities of polymers change so markedly with temperature and pressure.Athigh temperatures,the density of a polymer is considerably cower than at room temperature,provided the pressure is the same.Therefore,if modls were filled at atmospheric pressure, “shrinkage”would make the molding deviate form the shape of the mold.

To compensate for this poor effect, molds are filled at high pressure.The pressure compresses the polymer and allows more materials to flow into the mold,shrinkage is reduced and better quality moldings are produced.Cludes a mold-mounting pattern of bolt holes or “T” slots.Tie rods are members of the clamping force actuating

machanism that serve as the tension members of clamp when it is holding the mold closed.Ejector is a provision in the claming unit that actuates a mechanism within the mold to eject themolded part(s) form the mold.The ejection actuating force may be applied hydraulically or pneumatically by a cylinder(s) attached to the moving plate,or mechanically by the opening stroke of the moving plate.

The function of a mold is twofold :imparting the desired shape to the plasticized polymer and cooling the injection molded part.It is basically made up of two sets of components :the cavities and cores and the base in which the cavities and cores are mounted. The mold ,which contains one or more cavities,consists of two basic parts :(1) a stationary molds half one the side where the plastic is injected,(2)Amoving half on the closing or ejector side of the machine. The separation between the two mold halves is called the parting line.In some cases the cavity is partly in the stationary and partly in the moving section.The size and weight of the molded parts limit the number of cavities in the mold and also determine the machinery capacity required.The mold components and their functions are as following :

(1)Mold Base-Hold cavity(cavities) in fixed ,correct position relative to

machine nozzle .

(2)Guide Pins-Maintain Proper alignment of entry into mold intrior .

(3)Sprue Bushing(sprue)-Provide means of entry into mold interior .

(4)Runners-Conrey molten plastic from sprue to cavities .

(5)Gates-Control flow into cavities.

(6)Cavity(female) and Force(male)-Contorl the size,shape and surface of mold

article.

(7)Water Channels-Control the temperature of mold surfaces to chill plastic to

rigid state.

(8)Side (actuated by came,gears or hydraulic cylinders)-Form side

holes,slots,undercuts and threaded sections.

注射成型

注射成型的基本概念是使热塑性材料在受热时熔融，冷却时硬化，在大部分加工中，粒状材料（即塑料树脂）从料筒的一端（通常通过一个叫做“料斗”的进料装置）送进，受热并熔融（即塑化或增塑），然后当材料还是溶体时，通过一个喷嘴从料筒的另一端挤到一个相对较冷的压和封闭的模子里。溶里在模腔里冷却，硬化，直至完全固化。然后将模子打开，推出工件，并重复以上工序。

因此，注塑成型机的重要组成部分是：1）将溶体塑化并挤进进模腔（称做“注塑单元”）；2）开模和加压合模统称为“合模系统”）；3）使用上下模具；4）机器控制。

注射装置通过家热将固态塑料转化成均匀的半液态塑体。它保持塑料当前温度并加压使之通过喷嘴进入模具。柱塞集塑化和注射为一体。在柱塞与模具之间没有加热室，几热室通过热传导加热塑料。每次行程，柱塞将待熔化塑料推入加热室，依次将熔化的塑料挤到加热室前端并通过喷嘴注射出去（注射到模具中去）

合模装置是注射成型机的一个部分，该装置上安装有模具。合模装置提供运动和动力以开模几合模，并且在注射过程中提供压力保持模具紧闭同时，该装置还提供成型工艺有效运动所必需的其它特性。动模板是合模装置的一部分，在合模时向定模板移动。型腔的运动部分用螺栓固定在动模板上，动模板通常动模板通常含顶出杆，螺栓空或T型槽的安装模具的型板。拉杆是合模力驱动机构中的一个构件，当夹具保持动模闭合时，拉杆起夹具的拉力构件的作用。顶出器是合模装置的一个部件，它驱动模具中的执行机构从模具中顶出成型制品。顶出力可由液压或气动装置通过装在动模板上的油（气）缸来施加，或者通过动模板开模行程来施加。

塑料熔融与塑料注射的方式随机器的不同而不同,并不断得以改

善。常规的机器采用一个料筒和一个活塞来进行熔融和注射。虽然这种方式简化了机器的结构，但却使注射的温度和压力控制成了一个固有的难题。有的机器用一个塑化挤压器来熔化塑料，用一个活塞进行注射。另外，还有一些已设计出来的机器采用一个螺杆来完成熔融和注射。目前，百分之六十的机器采用往复式螺杆，百分之三十五的机器采用柱塞；百分之六十的机器采用螺罐。

聚合物的密度在不同的温度和压力下变化很大，并由此产生了注射成型的许多问题。在压力不变的情况下，在高温下的聚合物的密度比在低温下的要低得多，因此，如果在大气压下向模子充模，成型件回因“收缩”而与模子的形状形成偏差。

为了补偿这一偏差，模子充料在高压下进行。高压压缩了聚合物并能使更多的材料流入模腔。这样，“收缩”就减少了，生产的成型件的质量就得以提高。

模具的功能有两方面：一是使可塑聚合物按希望的形状成型，而是使其冷却定型。注射模具基本由两套部件组成：型腔和型芯，安装型腔和型芯的模板。具有一个型腔或多个型腔的模具由两个基本部分组成：（1）注射塑料一侧的定模（2）闭合及顶出机器一侧的动模。两哈夫对开的定模、动模分界线叫做分型面。有时，型腔一部分在定模中，一部分在动模中。塑料成型制品的尺寸和重量限制了一副模具中型腔的数目，并且取得了所需的注射机床生产能力。模具的零部件及其功能如下：

（1）模板—保持型腔相对注射机床的喷嘴具有固定、正

确的位置。

（2）导柱—保持定模、动模哈夫在合模时具有正确的相

对位置。

（3）主流道衬套—提供熔融塑料流入模具内部的通道。

（4）流道—将容忍塑料从浇注口传送到各型腔。

（5）浇口—控制熔融塑料流入型腔。

.

（6）凹模（阴模）和凸模（阳模）—控制成型塑料制品的尺寸、形状及表面纹理。

（7）冷却水道—控制模具表面温度，使塑料制品冷固成型。

（8）侧板（由凸轮、齿轮或液压油缸驱动）—形成制品的侧孔、侧槽、侧凹螺纹部分。

毕业设计外文翻译资料

外文出处： 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题： JDBC接口技术 译文： JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI（ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口）。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口，使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC，很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢？如果有，那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢？ ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统（DBMS）中存取数据的，用C语言实现的，标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI，应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统（DBMS）中的数据，而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1．ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分：应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口：屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别，为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器：为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器：实现ODBC的函数调用，提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要，数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求，使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源：由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器，以便ODBC函数调用，但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用，并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时，数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时，数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求，对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译，并将结果返回给应用系统。 2．JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来，Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序，其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API，编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥，比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱，越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加，对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处，比如它并不容易使用，没有面向对象的特性等等，SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1．x 版本中，JDBC只是一个可选部件，到了JDK1．1公布时，SQL类包（也就是JDBCAPI）

模具毕业设计外文翻译(英文+译文)

Injection Molding The basic concept of injection molding revolves around the ability of a thermoplastic material to be softened by heat and to harden when cooled .In most operations ,granular material (the plastic resin) is fed into one end of the cylinder (usually through a feeding device known as a hopper ),heated, and softened(plasticized or plasticized),forced out the other end of the cylinder, while it is still in the form of a melt, through a nozzle into a relatively cool mold held closed under pressure.Here,the melt cools and hardens until fully set-up. The mold is then opened, the piece ejected, and the sequence repeated. Thus, the significant elements of an injection molding machine become: 1) the way in which the melt is plasticized (softened) and forced into the mold (called the injection unit); 2) the system for opening the mold and closing it under pressure (called the clamping unit);3) the type of mold used;4) the machine controls. The part of an injection-molding machine, which converts a plastic material from a sold phase to homogeneous seni-liguid phase by raising its temperature .This unit maintains the material at a present temperature and force it through the injection unit nozzle into a mold .The plunger is a combination of the injection and plasticizing device in which a heating chamber is mounted between the plunger and mold. This chamber heats the plastic material by conduction .The plunger, on each stroke; pushes unbelted plastic material into the chamber, which in turn forces plastic melt at the front of the chamber out through the nozzle The part of an injection molding machine in which the mold is mounted, and which provides the motion and force to open and close the mold and to hold the mold close with force during injection .This unit can also provide other features necessary for the effective functioning of the molding operation .Moving

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译588柱塞式液压缸、起重器和柱塞

附录A译文 (一) 柱塞式液压缸、起重器和柱塞 液压缸、起重器和柱塞的基本术语可以被看作为同义词。通常首先描述的是其基本质特征，“jack”通常用来描述，应用于起重器中的液压缸，而且在大多数应用驱动器的特定工业场合来提供起重装置，“ram”经常被应用于高输出力的大型、重型液压缸，其它一些权威书籍可能将“ram”定义为活塞和杆是相同直径的液压缸，尽管这种液压缸更准确的应该被叫做柱塞式油缸，或置换式液压缸，这些形式的液压缸单一作用式并有其相对的应用局限。 液压缸可为单作用式，在单作用液压缸情况下，运动由弹簧或某种外力或重力使活塞返回到起始位置时释放压力来完成，在这种情况下弹簧返回，再液压条件下可获得的输出力可以被弹簧抗力所减轻。 双作用液压缸再普通应用场合是最常用的，液流上被安装液压缸两端，被选择器交替实现输入口，输出口作用。最大的可获得的输出的仅比单作用液压缸所获得的输出稍小些，因为当液体压力被反向加压时组织泄露，因而增加了摩擦力抵抗运动。 在反向运动时，可获得的力会由于活塞和杆面积的不同而降低了活塞作用面积减少，反向压力也是存在的，这种性能损失也许会很小，但在实际中明显地减少理论性能，而且液压缸的理论性能是有一定规格的，允许的公称公差以适应摩擦损失。 大多数的液压缸是单杆式的，双杆式的液压缸可能被应用在要求特高刚度下。对于双作用式液压缸，冲压力在伸出和缩回是相等的，这里可以估计到相比在相同直径的液压缸由于杆的封闭作用，摩擦力也会两端的密封杆和密封轴承而增大。 液压缸被广泛用于工业液体系统中，这些液压缸也别称为线性原动机或往复原动机。通常液压缸由循环管，活塞和杆运动处两侧的密封组织，活塞杆可被设计在液压缸的一侧或两侧，围绕活塞杆向液压缸外的液体温度可以由正确设计的还有密封垫用途的应用。再这当中我们将学习各种类型的液压缸以及它们是如何应用的液压缸的用途会对工业水利学的学习有很大帮助。

软件开发概念和设计方法大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：软件开发概念和设计方法文献、资料英文题目： 文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专业： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017.02.14

外文资料原文 Software Development Concepts and Design Methodologies During the 1960s, ma inframes and higher level programming languages were applied to man y problems including human resource s yste ms,reservation s yste ms, and manufacturing s yste ms. Computers and software were seen as the cure all for man y bu siness issues were some times applied blindly. S yste ms sometimes failed to solve the problem for which the y were designed for man y reasons including: ?Inability to sufficiently understand complex problems ?Not sufficiently taking into account end-u ser needs, the organizational environ ment, and performance tradeoffs ?Inability to accurately estimate development time and operational costs ?Lack of framework for consistent and regular customer communications At this time, the concept of structured programming, top-down design, stepwise refinement，and modularity e merged. Structured programming is still the most dominant approach to software engineering and is still evo lving. These failures led to the concept of "software engineering" based upon the idea that an engineering-like discipl ine could be applied to software design and develop ment. Software design is a process where the software designer applies techniques and principles to produce a conceptual model that de scribes and defines a solution to a problem. In the beginning, this des ign process has not been well structured and the model does not alwa ys accurately represent the problem of software development. However,design methodologies have been evolving to accommo date changes in technolog y coupled with our increased understanding of development processes. Whereas early desig n methods addressed specific aspects of the

模具毕业设计外文翻译7081204

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外文资料名称： Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处：Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

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Int J Adv Manuf Technol ,(2011) 53:1–10DOI 10.1007/s00170-010-2796-y Modular design applied to beverage-container injection molds Ming-Shyan Huang & Ming-Kai Hsu Received: 16 March 2010 / Accepted: 15 June 2010 / Published online: 25 June 2010 # Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010 Modular design applied to beverage-container injection molds The Abstract: This work applies modular design concepts to designating beverage-container injection molds. This study aims to develop a method of controlling costs and time in relation to mold development, and also to improve product design. This investigation comprises two parts: functional-ity coding, and establishing a standard operation procedure, specifically designed for beverage-container injection mold design and manufacturing. First, the injection mold is divided into several modules, each with a specific function. Each module is further divided into several structural units possessing sub-function or sub-sub-function. Next, dimen-sions and specifications of each unit are standardized and a compatible interface is constructed linking relevant units. This work employs a cup-shaped beverage container to experimentally assess the performance of the modular design approach. The experimental results indicate that the modular design approach to manufacturing injection molds shortens development time by 36% and reduces costs by 19 23% compared with the conventional ap-proach. Meanwhile, the information on

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The mold designing and manufacturing The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprise's development also rapid quietly. Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super finishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops . The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase;

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Section 3 Design philosophy, design method and earth pressures 3.1 Design philosophy 3.1.1 General The design of earth retaining structures requires consideration of the interaction between the ground and the structure. It requires the performance of two sets of calculations: 1）a set of equilibrium calculations to determine the overall proportions and the geometry of the structure necessary to achieve equilibrium under the relevant earth pressures and forces; 2）structural design calculations to determine the size and properties of thestructural sections necessary to resist the bending moments and shear forces determined from the equilibrium calculations. Both sets of calculations are carried out for specific design situations (see 3.2.2) in accordance with the principles of limit state design. The selected design situations should be sufficiently Severe and varied so as to encompass all reasonable conditions which can be foreseen during the period of construction and the life of the retaining wall. 3.1.2 Limit state design This code of practice adopts the philosophy of limit state design. This philosophy does not impose upon the designer any special requirements as to the manner in which the safety and stability of the retaining wall may be achieved, whether by overall factors of safety, or partial factors of safety, or by other measures. Limit states (see 1.3.13) are classified into: a) ultimate limit states (see 3.1.3); b) serviceability limit states (see 3.1.4). Typical ultimate limit states are depicted in figure 3. Rupture states which are reached before collapse occurs are, for simplicity, also classified and

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外文资料翻译要求 一、译文内容须与课题研究或调研内容高度一致。 二、译文翻译得当、语句通顺，不少于4000字。 三、译文格式要求：译文题目（即一级标题）采用小三黑体、二级 标题采用四号黑体、三级标题采用13磅黑体；图题和表题采用五号宋体，外文和符号采用五号Times New Roman；正文采用小四宋体，外文和符号采用小四Times New Roman，行间距为20磅；A4纸双面打印。 四、原文及译文一起装订，顺序依次为封面（背面为外文资料翻译 要求）、译文评阅（单面打印）、译文、外文原文。

译文评阅 评分：___________________（百分制）指导教师（签名）：___________________ 年月日

原文 Treating and the modern mould make high speed One, summarizes 1 the present situation that the mould makes at present and trend The mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrication. The mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrication. Industrial product part rough process 75%, the finish machining 50% and plastic part 90% will be completed from the mould. The Chinese mould market demand already reaches scale of 500 hundred million yuan at present. The automobile mould , the annual growth rate covering piece of mould especially will exceed 20 %; Also prompt building material mould development , various heterotype material the mould , wall surface and floor mould become new mould growth point , plastic doors and windows and plastic drain-pipe increase to exceeding 30 by in the upcoming several years %; The home appliance mould annual growth rate will exceed 10 %; The IT industry year increases % speed equally exceeding 20 , the need to the mould accounts for 20 of mould marketplace %.2004 annual Chinese machine tools implements industry output value will continue to increase. Our country mould fabrication market potential is enormous. The basis data counts , in recent years, our country mould year gross output value reaches 3 billion U. S. dollar , entrance exceeds 1 billion U. S. dollar, exceed 100 million U. S. dollar outlet. Increase by from 25% to increase to 2005 50% of 1995. The expert foretells that abroad: Asia portion being occupied by in mould fabrication in the whole world, will from 25% to increase to 2005 50% of 1995.