新概念第三册课文精读详解

新概念第三册课文精读详解
Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮

一、【Text】课文

Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.


二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆puma n. 美洲狮

◆spot v. 看出，发现

◆evidence n. 证据

◆accumulate v. 积累，积聚

◆oblige v. 使…感到必须

◆hunt n. 追猎；寻找

◆blackberry n. 黑莓

◆human being 人类

◆corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境

◆trail n. 一串，一系列

◆print n. 印痕

◆cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘

◆convince v.使…信服

◆somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因

◆disturb v. 令人不安



学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用

学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里



★spot v. 看出，发现

pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of

eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.

He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。

spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。

find 强调发现的结果。

find out 查出事实真相。

discover 做出重大发现

notice 注意到

observe 观察

watch 观察活动中的人或画面

spot n. 斑点

eg: There is a white spot on the shirt.

on the spot

1,立刻，马上（at

once, immediately ）

Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.

2,at the place of the action 在现场

Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.



★evidence [u]n. 证据

When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.

evidence=proof

in evidence:显而易见的.

He was in evidence at the party.

evidently adv.

evident adj.



★accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚

accumulate 强调积累的过程

As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.

gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处

collect 收集，采集

assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配

hoard 大量地贮存

The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.

hoard up= store up

amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）



★oblige v. 使…感到必须

feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事

be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事



★hunt n. 追猎；寻找

run after 强调追赶、追求.

seek 追寻（梦想，理想） = pursue

chase 追赶.

hunt for

search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物



★corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境

corner n. 角落

at the corner of the street

in the corner of the room

on the corner of the desk

be cornered ………被逼得走投无路

常用于被动语态：

The thief was cornered at last.

The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难例了。



★trail n. 一串，一系列

trail==follow vt. 跟踪

eg: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.



★cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘

eg: She is always clinging to her mother.

He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有)

stick 粘住 stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的



★convince vt. 使…信服

convince sb. of sth 使sb相信sth

和宾语从句that 搭配使用

没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced

sb be convicned sb相信



★somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因

by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown

somewhat ==a little



★disturb v. 令人不安

disturbing adj. 令人不安的 disturbed 感到不安的

surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 感到吃惊的

exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的



三、【课文精析】

at large

1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。

2：详细的(in detail)

3：总体来讲（as a whole）



Key sentence:

Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.



life-like: 栩栩如生的

一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前

定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。

同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的

内容

定语从句的引导词：

指人：主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose

表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which

时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语： why

同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which

时间 when; 地点 where

eg: An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.

I have no idea what has happened to him.

定语从句中没有what 这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句

(An idea)…come to sb.某人突然想到了……



take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 认真（严肃）对待某事

take sth. lightly: 草率对待某事



as 随着



过去分词做定语



claim to have done sth：声称曾经作过某事



confirm: be sure, be certain



search=hunt



leave behind：把某物留在后面

Wherever he went, the wound soldier left behind him a trail of blood.伤员所到之处，都留下道道血迹。

英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者



complain of / about :抱怨



on + 名词：强调动作正在进行

on the rise:在上升

on the increase: 在增加

on the watch: 在观看

on the match:在比赛中

on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中

on holiday: 在度假



fully: completely, entirely



in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有

in possession of sth. 拥有某物

take possession of 拥有

eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.

I am in possession of the beautiful car.

The person in possession of the big house is excited.



It is disturbing to think that 一想到………就心里不安

eg: It is disturbing to think that I felt my examination.





Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一

一、【Text】课文

Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.
One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.
'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise.
' I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.' I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'
'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working aga

in.'
'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'
'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'


二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆equal v. 等于

◆raise v. 募集；筹（款）

◆vicar n. 牧师

◆torchlight n.电筒光



★equal v. 等于

A equal B

与 … 相匹敌 None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.

eg:Mary is quite equal to John in brains.

be equal to + n: 1. 与…相匹敌

2. 有能力做某事 to- 介词

eg: I am equal to running the company.



★raise v. 募集；筹（款）

raise money 筹款

raise price 提高

raise a horse饲养

raise a family 供养

raise wheet 种植小麦

raise an army 招募

raise a shout 发出喊声



★vicar n. 牧师

★torchlight n.电筒光





三、【课文精析】



现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配——表示说话人带有的情感色彩

Tom is always doing homework.

Tom is always does his homework.

He is always making noises.



one or another： 表示某种、这样或那样



get enough money： 筹集足够的资金来做某事

I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.



have the church clock repaired-----have sth. done 找某人来做某事

have the plane repaired have hair cut

某人所遭受到的意外某种情况-----主语必须是发出动作的人

His wallet was stolen. He had his wallet stolen.



used to:过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了

He used to smoke every day.

however 用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来

He said that it was so, he was mistake, however.

or: He said that it was so, however, he was mistake.

I know his story, however, I wouldn’t like to tell you.

I know his story, I, however, wouldn’t like to tell you.

however 可用nevertheless nonetheless 替换



start: 惊跳、惊奇

Eg: The voice made him start.

What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳

He stood up with a start.



before …才

Nearly a week past before he could explain what had happen to him.



Armed with a torch…

现在分词和过去分词的用法

分词做状语/定语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致



recognized sb as ：认出某人是

regard sb as, think of sb as, treat sb as(把某人对待为), have on sb as（把某人尊敬为）



whatever: ever用来加强语气



night after night： 一夜连着一夜

day after day / year after year / week after week / bus after bus



Key sentence:

you certain

ly did give me…

did

肯定句中常用do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。

Eg: You do like beauty today.



as well用在句尾相当于too, 主要用在肯定句中，但比too所表达的语意更优秀

still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折的关系。虽然如此，但是



get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to, get accustomed to 都表示习惯于

get强调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态

Eg: We are used to the cold weather here.

You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。



Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神

一、【Text】课文

Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high----were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.



二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆goddess n. 女神

◆archaeologist n. 考古学家

◆Aegean adj. 爱琴海的

◆explore v. 考察，勘探

◆promontory n. 海角

◆prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

◆civilization n. 文明

◆storey n. 楼层

◆drainage n. 排水

◆worship n. 崇拜

◆sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

◆fragment n. 碎片

◆remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟

◆classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

◆reconstruct v. 修复

◆rest v. 倚放，放置

◆hip n. 屁股，臀部

◆full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

◆graceful adj. 优雅的

◆identity n. 身份



★goddess n. 女神



★archaeologist n. 考古学家



★Aegean adj. 爱琴海的



★explore v. 考察，勘探

The archaeologists are exploring the cave.

exploration n.

explorer n.探险家



★promontory n. 海角



★prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

Our finance is prosperous.

thriving 昌盛的，兴旺的

booming 蓬勃的，景气的

flourishing 繁茂的，健康的



★civilization n. 文明

high level of civilization高度文明

civilize v.



★storey n. 楼层



★drainage n. 排水



★worship n. 崇拜

respect; admire

Who do you worship in th world?

warship n. 军舰战船



★sacred adj. 宗教的，神圣的

holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的

solemn adj. 庄严的，庄重的

sacred music 圣乐

sacred promise 神圣的诺言



★fragment n. 碎片



★remains n. 遗物， 遗迹，废墟



★classical adj. （希腊罗马）古文化的

classical music 古典音乐

classical education 人文科学教育

classic adj. 第一流的

This is a classic example of love at the first sight.

classic n. 杰作，经典之作



★reconstruct v. 修复

re-重新，再次

construct 构造，建造，组织

build house 造建筑物

put up a tent

construct a sentence

construct a broken statuary

erect: build high buildings

erect monument 建造纪念碑

erect clock tower 建造钟楼

setup; establish; found 建立

Eg: setup students’ union

establish a school / rule

found a country

construction n.

constructive adj. 有教育意义的

constructor n. 建设者



★rest v. 倚放，放置



★hip n. 屁股，臀部

[口] 在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj. 通晓的，见闻广的

Eg: Hary is a real hip. 玛丽真是赶时髦

The guy isn’t a hip.这家伙什么都不懂

joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的

Eg: These two are joined at the hip.

shoot from the hip 信口开河

Eg: Sorry, I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.



★full-length adj. （裙衣）拖地长的

a full-length dress



★graceful adj. 优雅的

a graceful lady

elegant (behavier)



★identity n. 身份



三、【课文精析】



an interesting discovery：强调discovery， 体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出

主动语态难以突出重点 archaeologists made an interesting discovery

英文表达：结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述



Key sentence:

An American team explored a temple which…

which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple



which stands in an ancient city on…

which = that; stand = lie, situate (vt.) locate (vt.)



An American team explored a temple which is located / situated in

…

An American team explored a temple which lie in…



stand表示高高坐落于，矗立于

Eg: She stands 1.75m. / A great tree stands on the mount.



Key sentence:

The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it…

for引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明

because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因

Eg: The day broke for the birds were singing.



at one time:表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志， once



must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测



enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明



with…

Eg: a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair



beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语

a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士 / a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场

a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系

a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room



Key sentence:

The city was even equipped with… for… were found…

be equipped with 配备，装备

Eg: the car was equipped with air conditioning.



for 引导原因状语从句



beneath the narrow streets / under the narrow streets

prep. beneath = under 正下方

He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.



under:在进行中，under control 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中

below:在下方，强调斜下方

Eg: She is sitting below the window.



be used as / be used to be 把…用作为

Eg:The box was used as a desk in the small village school.

The wooden box was used as a bookcase.

The wooden box is used to contain books.



In the most sacred room of…

Each of these represented … been painted.



represent vt. 代表

I represent all the classmates.



The body of one statue was found…

dating 现在分词，修饰remains

the customs dating from 1990



date from 追溯到，从… 开始

The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

The castle dates from the 14th century.

The castle dates back to the century.



Key sentence:

Its missing head happened to be among remains of…

happen to 强调事情的偶然发生

Eg: I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种汽车。

He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。



句式：It happens that……

Eg: It happnes that I met her on my way to work

I happened to meet her on my way to work



happen on 巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇

Eg: I happend on this old picture in the back of the drawer.

Guess, who I happend on while I was in London last month?



reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore





四个形容词:

surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到

惊讶的，语气递增

astonished: much surprised

amazed: very much surprised 惊奇

astounded 非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇



to find… / to discover… / to realize…

I’m not surprised to see you here.



turn out 表明结果

turn out ( to be) + n./adj.

Eg: Our party turned out (to be) a success

the concert turned out to be failure.

It turned out that………… 原来是(表示结果)

that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语

Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.

It turned out that his statement was false.



as it turns out 人们后来发现

Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.

As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。



Key sentence:

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.

rest on = depend on, lean on

His hand rested lightly on my shoulder.



which swept the ground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的



despite / in spite of +n. /动名词



Key sentence:

It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.

so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志



discover her identity: find out he identity



Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs阿尔弗雷德。布洛格斯的双重生活

一、【Text】课文

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as ‘white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. AlF's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.


二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆manual adj. 体力的

◆collar n. 衣领

◆sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出

◆privilege n. 好处

◆dustman n. 清洁工

◆corporation n. 公司

◆over

alls n. 工作服

◆shower n. 淋浴

◆secret n. 秘密

◆status n. 地位



★manual adj. 体力的

= physical

manual work:体力工作

mental work: 脑力工作



★collar n. 衣领

white-collar:白领 ( do mental work)

blue-collar:蓝领 （do manual work）

(get) hot under the collar: 怒气冲天



★sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出

vt. to give up for good purpose

Eg: sacrifice one’s life for the country

sacrifice time

n.

make many sacrifices



★privilege n. 好处

= advantage

特权 （=special right）

牺牲掉自己的好处：

sacrifice one’s advantage / rivilege



特许某人做某事：

give sb. the rivilege of doing sth.



privileged adj. 荣幸的



★overalls n. 工作服

男工作服； overall 女工作服



★secret n. 秘密

adj. keep secret:保密

It’s between you and me.

I’ll keep it to myself.

confidential : 机密的



in secret:私下里

= secretly, in private, privately

I was told about it in secret.



in the secret: 知道内情

He was in the secret from the beginning.



★status n. 地位

= social position

s-t-a-t-u-s

s-t-a-t-u-e: 雕像，塑像



★corporation n. 公司

★shower n. 淋浴

★dustman n. 清洁工



三、【课文精析】



people who do manual work => blue-collar workers

people who work in offices / do mental work => white-collar workers



far more money

far--副词，用来强调语气==much



refer to … as ==regard … as 把…看作为

I always refer to him as bookworm (书呆子).



for the simple reason => for 引导的原因状语从句

for the reason that 比because正式，因此多用于正式文体



human nature 人性化



such…that…

that 引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵

His kindness was such that we will never forget him.

=> Such was his kindness…

Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.

Such用在句首，要倒装



Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.

介词for表示一种目的



be willing to do sth. == be ready to do sth. 心甘情愿做…



give rise to , lead to, cause:引起，惹起 =result in

Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings.

The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.



in the case of: 至于，就……而言

Eg: Stealing is no shame in the case of him.

in case of: (连) 万一，以防

Eg: You should ensure your house in case of fire.



Who引导定语从句



Too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明

be ashamed of



get married

marry v. 如果强调动作：He married the girl…

如果表示状态：get married, be marri

ed

如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb.

The old man has been married to his wife 50 years.



Too…to…, 太…而不能



simply adv. 用来修饰限定动词told



dressed in a smart black suit-----形容词短语表示一种状态

Eg: He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat.

He left home wearing a smart black suit.



Changed into: 换上



Before returning home==Before he returned home

在before 引导的时间状语从句中，return 的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以这个时间状语是由介词before和动名词搭配而成，相当于before 引导的时间状语从句。

如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。

After getting home, he had a good rest.

Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.



She never will = she will never discover the secret

在省略句式中， never要放在助动词之前。

‘Will you go to see her?’

‘ I will never go to see her.’ / ‘No, I never will.’



half as much as (he used to): 是 … 的一半

half (a quarter, twice, three times ) as …as…表示倍数

I won’t marry a man who is twice as old as me.

We got three times as many people as we exected.

This room is about three times as large as that one.



…as (形容词或副词原形)as… 是 …几倍

比 …多几倍：…times (形容词或副词比较级)

This road is four times longer than that one. => This road is five times as long as that one.



is well worth the loss of money

What he obtained is well worth the loss of time

Well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth

Lesson 5 The facts 确切数字
一、【Text】课文

Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrest

ed, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.


二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆editor n. 编辑

◆extreme n. 极端

◆statistics n. 统计数字

◆journalist n. 新闻记者

◆president n. 总统

◆palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅

◆publish v. 出版

◆fax n. 传真

◆impatient adj. 不耐烦的

◆fire v. 解雇

◆originally adv. 起初，原先，从前



★editor n. 编辑

edit vt. 编辑

edition n.编辑

editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的；n. 社论，评论



★extreme n. 极端

go to extreme(s) to do 走极端

Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.

He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.

go from one extreme to the other



★statistics n. 统计数字



★journalist n. 新闻记者

journalist (杂志) 新闻记者

reproter (电视台) 记者

correspondent (电台)记者，通讯员



★president n. 总统

★palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅

★publish v. 出版

Eg: They have already published the magazine.

= print vt.

Eg: the book has already been published.

The book has gone to press.



★fax n. 传真

sent a fax



★impatient adj. 不耐烦的

patient adj. 有耐心的

patiently adv. 有耐心地

impatient adj. 不耐烦的

impatiently adv. 不耐烦地

patience n.

impatience



★fire v. 解雇

He was fired from his job.

dismass (正式)

The manager disissed him from his company.

sack(俚语) vt. 解雇，辞退

Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.



★originally adv. 起初，原先，从前

original adj.



三、【课文精析】



go to extremes 走极端



provide = supply 给…，提供（通常与介词搭配连用）

provede sb. With sth. / provide sth. for sb.

He provided them with a bed for the night.

He provided a bed for them for the night.



instruct sb. to do sth ==tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事

‘…a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’

主动语态：A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’

The teacher instructed him to take the examination.



on ==about 侧重强调课题专一

A book on radio



When the article arrived = When the editor received the article



refuse to publish it

refuse: vt. 拒绝（态度严厉）

decline: vt. 婉言谢绝

repudiate: vt. 断然拒绝

which 指代

the high wall



instructing—现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况



set out to do sth.==decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做=set about doing

Eg: He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years



take sb. a long time to do sth. 某事花了某人很久的时间

It took me five days to write the article.



two more faxes = another two faxes



fail to



reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地，不情愿地



as it had originally been written = in its original way



倒装简述：

not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式

The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.

1．否定副词位于句首，要倒装。



Never have I read such stories. 我从来没有读过这样的小说。

Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。

Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。

常用的否定副词：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner



2．含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装

Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.只有到那个时候，他才认识到自己犯了个错误。

Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip.

只有获得比较多的信息之后，才有可能计划去旅行。



3．还有not的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。

not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not until

Not in the least is he interested in Englsh literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。

Not for an instant did i believe he had lied.



4．含有no的短语位于句首，句子要倒装。

at no time, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circumstances.‘绝不’

Under no circumstances can we accpet the check.无论如何我们不能接受这笔钱。

On no account must you leave the baby in the house.你无论如何也不能把婴儿留在房间里。



5．so,suh位于句首，句子也要倒装。



He had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted

= he had asked for permission



be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth. ：请求允许，被允许



in which ----which指代fax



while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中”，可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。

while he was counting…



leading to 现在分词，通向

the steps leading to the president’s palace

the road leading to the forest



fifteen-foot ----做前置定语，这里的名词必须是单数形式



which指代wall (避免和前面的句式结构相同)



Lesson 6 Smash-and grab 砸橱窗抢劫

一、【Text】课文

The expensive shops in

a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since 8 o'clock and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.
The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweler's. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars. While this was going on, Mr Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain. The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.


二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆smash-and-grab n. 砸橱窗抢劫

◆arcade n. 有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）

◆Piccadilly n. 皮卡迪利大街

◆jewellery n. 珠宝（总称）

◆necklace n. 项链

◆ring n. 戒指

◆background n. 背景

◆velet n. 天鹅绒，丝绒

◆headlight n. （汽车等）前灯

◆blare v. 发嘟嘟声，吼叫

◆staff n. 全体工作人员

◆raid n. 偷袭

◆scramble v. 爬行

◆fantastic adj. 非常大的

◆ashtray n. 烟灰缸



★smash-and-grab n. 砸橱窗抢劫

smash vt. break sth. into pieces violently

vi. The dishes smashed on the floor.

smash into: 撞击到某处

Eg: The bus smashed into a big tree.

grab: seize suddenly

catch: get hold of sth. / sbb. moving

snatch: catch sth. / sb. suddenly and violently

seize: 强调抓住、抓到的结果 Fear seized her.

grasp: 强调掌握

hold： 强调抓牢、抓紧 He is holding an umbrella.



★arcade n. 有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）



★Piccadilly n. 皮卡迪利大街

★jewellery n. 珠宝（总称）

★necklace n. 项链

★ring n. 戒指

★background n. 背景

on the background of sth. 以什么为背景

background information

a man of excellent background

★velet n. 天鹅绒，丝绒

★headlight n. （汽车等）前灯

★blare v. 发嘟嘟声，吼叫

★staff n. 全体工作人员

★raid n. 偷袭

★scramble v. 爬行

scramble vi. creep quickly

climb vt. 爬上

mount: 登上



★★★fantastic adj. 非常大的

fantastic: very great / large a fantastics of money

strange

wonderful



★ashtray n. 烟灰缸





三、【课文精析】

in a famous arcade near Piccadilly介词短语修饰shops

Eg: The shoe shop in myneighbourhood was just opening.



Eg: Beijing, our capital, is eveloping enormously (at fantastic speed ).



Key sentence:

‘After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.’

运用ing形式结构，其逻辑主语要和主句的主语保持一致



本课的重点句式：with 的复合结构

如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用动词的ing形式：

如果是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补

如果表达某事将要展开发生，要用动词不定式to

She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks.

She stood ther with her hands resting on her hips.

He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.

With his homework finished, he felt happy.

He used to sleep with all the windows open.

He went out with his hat on.

With the meeting over, we went home.

He came in with a knife in his hand.

Two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.

With a lot of work to do, he can’t go to the cinama.

总结：

with 用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等；如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词

a thief with atocking over his face

a teacher with a book under his arm

a room with the windows open



come to 后面常接名词，表示达到

come to a stop, come to an end, come to a decision, come to an agreement, come to an understanding, come to success, come to fame

停车 stop, draw up, pull up



at the barbar’s, at the butcher’s, at the baker’s, at the greengrocer’s. at the grocer’s, at the stationer’s, at the tobacconist’s, at the chemist’s



help oneself to:自便

help yourselt to dish

My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.



at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high(full) speed / with great speed



hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel数十万美元的珠宝



Word building

前缀构词法

如何运用常见的前缀

dis-

agreeable disagreeable content discontent

graceful dis graceful honest dis honest

satisfactory dissatisfactory

dis还可以加在名词前

agreement disagreement

honesty dishonesty

ability disability

grace disgrace

comfort discomfort

dis可以加在动词前

agree dis agree

appear disappear

believe disbelieve

dis-还可表示除去、解除， 在名词前加dis-得到动词形式

courage discourage

root disroot

mask dismask

burden disburden



il-加

在以l开头的形容词之前

legal illegal logical illbogical

literate illiterate



im-加在以b,m,p开头的形容词之前

possible impossible

mortal immotal

moral immoral

balanced imbalanced



ir-加在以r开头的形容词之前

regular irregular rational irrational

resistible irresistible



in-主要用于其他字母开头的词之前

human inhuman correct incorrect

justice injustice sinca\ere insincere

un-只能手于形容词和动词之前

不

happy unhappy friendly unfriendly

lucky unlucky

无

conditional unconditional limited unlited

非

official unofficial just unjust

未，主要用于过去分词之前

undecided unfinished unexpected unhurt

用于动词之前表示做相反的动作

lock unlock tie untie

cover uncover pack unpack

dress undress load unload



Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组

一、【Text】课文

Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they make mistakes like this (and a lot of peole do)! Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog. Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!
A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business. John had a very good day and put his wallet containing ￡3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding. When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well. Imagine their dismay when they found a beautufully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash! John went to see his bank magnager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the secial department of the Band of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back. ‘So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,’ said a spokeswoman for the Band. ‘Last year, we paid ￡1.5m on 21,000 claims.’


二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆mutilate v. 使残缺不全

◆chew v. 咀嚼

◆fiancé n.未婚夫

◆microwave n. 微波，微波炉

◆oven n. 炉灶

◆safekeeping n. 妥善保管

◆Newcastle n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市）

◆identify v. 鉴别，识别

◆spokeswoman n. 女发言人



★mutilate v. 使残缺不全

vt. 经常用于被动语态

1，毁伤，残害。

He was mutilated in the accdient, and now has only one leg.

a multlated note

2, 把…搞砸了

You've

already mutilated the novel by making such changes.



★chew v. 咀嚼

A lot of people love chewing gums.

Don’t bite off more than one can chew.不要自不量力

chew the fat: 聊天

chewed up： （俚） 着急的，担心的

Don't get chewed up / about your examination.



★fiancé n.未婚夫

★microwave n. 微波，微波炉

micro- = tiny, very very small

microswitch, microfilm, microscope, microsecond, microphone, microbiology

反义前缀：macro- = great. large



★oven n. 炉灶

★safekeeping n. 妥善保管

keep sth. safe

Please keep your ID card safe

do evil:干坏事

evil doing

make trouble => trouble making



★Newcastle n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市）

★identify v. 鉴别，识别

identify of sb. or sth.

He can’t identify the person.

identity: n.

So far thearcheologists have been unable to discover her identity.

identification n.命名，确认



★spokeswoman n. 女发言人





三、【课文精析】



whiter than white====damaged, mutilated.损坏，残缺不全



Fortunately for them luckly / happily for them 固定搭配



team 组织



make a claim 提出索赔



feed sth. to



concern: 涉及到——is about



run a factory, run a company



I have a very good day. I have a good time

.

go horse-riding, go fishing, go hunting, go shopping



beautifully-cooked wallet: 用一种讽刺的口吻



turned to turned into become



who ----band manager



so long as: on condition that 表假设，只要



pay for:为…付款

We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary.

on 强调对21000起索赔要求



pay off 还清，偿还

The couple have already paid their debts off.



pay back

1, 把钱归还回去 pay money back

2, 报仇，报复 pay somebody back



Lesson 8 A famous monastery

著名的修道院

一、【Text】课文



The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 247o metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy,for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars, As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite differen

t. The temperature drops to –30○　and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too,for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.


二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语



◆monastery n. 寺院，修道院

◆St. Bernard 圣伯纳德

◆pass n. 关隘

◆watchdog n. 看门狗

◆rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地

◆enclosure n. 围场，圈地

◆monk n. 和尚，僧侣

◆privacy n. 清静，隐居

◆skier n. 滑雪者

◆Easter n. 复活节



★monastery n. 寺院，修道院

abbot:修道院院长

convent nun:修女

abbess:女修道院院长



★St. Bernard 圣伯纳德

★pass n. 关隘

★watchdog n. 看门狗

★rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地

boldly adv.



★enclosure n. 围场，圈地



★monk n. 和尚，僧侣

★privacy n. 清静，隐居



★skier n. 滑雪者

★Easter n. 复活节

at Easter, at Christmas, at Thanksgiving



三、【课文精析】



connects / Join Switzerland to Italy / link Switzerland with Italy

connect … with:把…与某事联系在一起

I can’t connect the picture with my friend Mary.

Are you connected with the government?

be connected with 与…有联系

at 2,473 metres:介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态

At the age of 25, he is able.

At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.



限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别

非限制性定语从句是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释，去掉对主句影响不大

限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分

Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.

Mr Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.

There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.

There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.

The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.

The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn’t know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.

who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语

指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which

He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.

指代时间when, 地点where

He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as therr weeks.

found建立 set up establish



live----lives

which指代friend dogs

The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of frien

dship.



Now that：既然

用做时间连接词时，后面通常跟完成式

Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.

用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限。

Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.

Now that you are grown-up, you must stop the children behave.



whenever, whoever, whatever wherever, whichever , however

no matter when / who / what / where / which / how

You can telephone me whenever you like.

Whichever day you come, we’ll be pleased to see you.



Whenever you go, I’ll follow you.

However busy you are, you nust spare some time to study English.



Despite介词——in spite of



rashly 莽撞的 attempt to do sth. -----try to do sth.

there + be

There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.



in cars ---by car

about 到处，周围

Don’t litter waste paper about.

look about, go about, run about, wander about



keep： 使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语、形容词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配连用，表示一种状态

keep him out, keep him in

Do keep the cat in the room.

表示逻辑的主谓关系——现在分词 I’m sorry to keep you wating.

表示逻辑的动宾关系——过去分词 The lamb was kept tight to a tree.



quite the opposite 恰恰相反



prefer sth. to sth.

I prefer reading to doing nothing


Lesson 9 Flying cats 飞猫
一、【Text】课文

Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. they never become submissive like dogs and horses. As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence. Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives. One of the things that fascinaes us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. A cat’s ability to survive falls is based on fact.
Recently the New York Animal medical Centre made a study of 132 cots over a period of five months. All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries. Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall, from! One cat ,Sabrina, fell 32 storeys, yet only suffered from a broken tooth. ‘Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers,’ a doctor said. It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more. At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out their legs like flying squirrels. This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hid the ground.


二、【New words and exp

ressions】 生词和短语



◆fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住

◆affectionate adj. 充满情深的，柔情的

◆mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的

◆submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的

◆feline adj. 猫的

◆independence n. 独立，独立性

◆high-rise adj. 高层的

◆windowsill n.窗槛

◆paratrooper n. 伞兵

◆squirrel n. 松鼠

◆air-resistance n. 空气阻力

◆impact n. 冲击力



★fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住

vt. 主系表结构：be fascinated with被…迷住了，被…吸引住了

He is fascinated with chess.

Are you fascinated with English.



like, love, be fond of

The boy is fond of football.



be crazy about:着迷

be mad about

He is crazy / mad about music.

He is fascinated with music.



fascination n.

fascinating adj.

Sweet music is fascinating.



★affectionate adj. 充满情深的，柔情的

Cats are affectionate animals.

affectionately adv.

The lady is looking that man affectionately.

affection n.



★mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的

a mysterious plan

a mysterious explanation

mystery n. 迷团，神秘感

His death is a mystery.



★submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的

obedient

Are you obedient?

Dogs and horses are submissive, but Cats are never submissive to us.

be submissive to sb.



submit v.

Submit oneself to sb. / sth. 屈服于，顺从于

submission n.



★feline adj. 猫的

★independence n. 独立，独立性

independent adj.

You have already grown up, you must be independent.



depend 依靠

You must depend on yourself.



depend, dependence

independence, independent



★high-rise adj. 高层的

★windowsill n.窗槛

★paratrooper n. 伞兵

★squirrel n. 松鼠

★air-resistance n. 空气阻力

★impact n. 冲击力





三、【课文精析】



nver fail to do 双重否定＝＝肯定

If you aks for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed.

If you receive requests like this, you'll never fail to accept.

常用的双重否定结构（加强语气）

1． never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to , 否定词+fail to（语气较强烈）

2． 否定的形容词之前加以否定 unreasonable-> not unreasonable

Eg: What he said is not unreasonable.

It is quite common (not uncommon ) for us to make mistakes.

3． not + without

Eg: You can't obtain english without working hard.

He doesn’t have any meal without meat.

4.no+not

Eg: There is no cat that doesn't like fish.

There is nothing that he can't do.

There is no rule that has no exception.

as well

as a result

have learned to:学会了，习惯了

People have learned to expect that trains are punctual.

Children have learned to expect that their parents are very able.

be suspicious of sb. 对什么表示怀疑，存有戒心



One of the things that fascinaes us： that 引导定语从句

that 引导同位语从句

One of the things that fascinaes us most about planes is the popular fact that they are safe and fast.



truth,不可数名词，a good deal of

apparently 显然，显而易见

It seems that...



Key sentence:

A cat’s ability to survive falls is based on fact.

survive v. fall v.&n.

be based on:基于事实基础之上

base sth. on: 把某事加强在什么基础之上

We base the theory on the fact

The theory is based on fact.



make a study of sth:对什么作出研究



in common = the same



fall off 坠落， 掉落



die from:死于

死于疾病：die of illness / disease / hunger / thirst,自然的死亡用of

死于非自然原因：die from shock / injures / wound, 用from



there is no shortage

shortage:缺乏 = lack, 与of搭配，shortage / fack of

shortage of money led to the failure of the experiments.



suffer from: 遭受什么痛苦

A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease.



behave like = act like



well-trained: 训练很好的，well-decorated:装饰漂亮的

the further cats fall, the less

典型的the more...the more...句型，用定冠词the 修饰形容词或副词的比较级

The harder you study English, the better you an learn it.

The more you eat, the fatter you will be.



be likely to do:有可能如何，强调可能性

In cold winter, We are likely to catch a cold.



and more 甚至更多



stretch out 充分伸展



Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic

“泰坦尼克“号的沉没

一、【Text】课文

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 89l. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was