高一英语读写任务---概括Summary

英语读写任务---概括Summary

定义：什么是summary？

Summary：用自己的语言概括原文的要点。

时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；不过，开头语一般为现在时如The passage tells us that ……（that 后面的部分原文是什么时态就用什么时态）

人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。（特殊如书信交往的，可能会使用第一、二人称；）

注：概括summary时一定要忠于原文信息，不能加入我们自己的观点。

Part I. 概括的步骤和形式

一、概括的写作步骤：

1. 确定主题句。

2. 寻找关键词。

3. 重组句子，用自己的语言组织要点使之连贯成文。

二、概括的形式：

文体概括形式

记叙文故事的梗概+（作者的）感想/评论/故事的寓意

议论文文章论点+ 文章论据

说明文说明的对象/现象/问题+ 解释/ 分述；

现象/问题+ 解决措施/ 建议

Part II. 写概括的具体方法

Ⅰ. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：

1) 删除细节，只保留要点。

2) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明，应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

3) 删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如：阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，若删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词的话，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。（注：通常情况下，若原文中出现多个例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。）

4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：

“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

可以概括为：“She brought home some books to read during the vocation.”

5)用词组代替句子。

Ⅱ.如何概括整篇文章。

①段意合并法(说明文、应用文)

第一步通读全文, 领略大意;

第二步小结每一段的大意;

第三步根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点, 综合归纳全文的大意。

②要素串联法（记叙文）

记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。

常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。

③主题概括法（议论文）

第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。

第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句)进行改写，或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换。千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.。

第三、用连词接各部分，使它连贯。

第四、整合中心要点。合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个词左右)。

议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。

尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer thinks that…或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think…还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view that…

Exercise:

A

It must have been about 2 o’clock in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic（挖苦的）voice below said, “I don’t think the window s need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I said, “I enjoy cleaning windows at night.”I immediately regretted（后悔）answering in the way I did.

“So do I,” answered the policeman in the s ame tone（语气）. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when he’s busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?”

“Well, I’d prefer to stay here,” I said. “You see, I’ve forgotten my key.”

“Your what?” he called.

“My key,” I shouted.

Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.

（点拨：这是一篇记叙文，可用“事件的经过+结果”形式）

(Summary)

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________

B

Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.

If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.

In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.

If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.

Since it is beneficial, let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.

（点拨：议论文，可用“论点+论据”形式）

(Summary)

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _______________________

C

Eye care is very important in all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat healthy foods. Secondly, don’t sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals in order to relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.

Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes, therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses. Stay away from smoking. Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的).

Last but not least, take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations (刺激)and ensure longevity at ease.

（点拨：本文为说明文。在指出眼睛重要后, 紧接着提出问题“为保护眼睛, 我们可以做些什么呢”, 然后分三点说明应该做些什么。因此, 我们可以用“问题+解决措施”形式。）

(Summary)

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________

参考答案：

A

范文：

Arriving home early in the morning, the writer failed to wake up his wife by ringing the doorbell. While trying to climb through the bedroom window, he was found by police. Soon his shouting woke his wife.

B

范文：

（The passage says that）getting up early in the morning is a good habit and is beneficial to us, which enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.

C

范文：

Our eyes are important for us, so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes, including eating healthy food, giving them enough time to rest, knowing some threats, and taking regular eye examinations.

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