(完整版)跨文化交际课前习题答案

Unit Two Culture Shock

Ⅰ.Fill in blanks

a. In a formal western meal, you?re offered a second helping but you hav e already had enough. You should say “______”. That was delicious but I?ve already had plenty, thanks.

b. Taboos are words, expressions, et

c. that are considered as being _____ _ or ______. unpleasant, disgusting c. ______ is a culture that scores high on individualism. Individual culture

d. Social distance refers to the degree of ______ or ______ between two c ultures. similarity, dissimilarity

e. Because of their ______, individualists give little thought to the ______ of others. But collectivists care very mu ch what others in their groups think and do not like to be the targets of __ ____ and _______. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticism

Ⅱ. Key Terms

a. culture shock

b. collectivist culture

c. hospitality

d. politeness

e. privacy

在一个正式的西餐，你?再提供一次帮助但你已经有足够的。你应该说“______”。那是美味的但我?已经有很多，谢谢。

B.禁忌词，表达，等，被视为______或______。不愉快的，令人厌恶的

C. ______是一种文化，分数高的个人主义。个体文化

D.社会距离指的是______或______程度在两种文化之间。相似性，相异性

E.因为他们______，个人主义者不在乎别人的______。但集体主义者非常关心他们小组中其他人怎么想，不喜欢被______和_______目标。独立性，评估，审查，批评Ⅱ。关键术语

A.文化冲击

B.集体主义文化

C.酒店

D.礼貌

E.隐私

Ⅲ. Short Answer

a. What are the five basic themes in individualist culture?

b. Why is there a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual i

ntimacy?

c. Whatis the difference on tendency for foreigners to treat strangers betw

een Individualism and Collectivism Theories?

Ⅲ。简短的回答

在个人主义文化的五个基本主题是什么？

B为什么在身体或性亲密公共显示缺乏关注？

C.是外国人对待个人主义和集体主义倾向的不同理论之间的陌生人？

Ⅳ. Case study

(1) Analyze the case and try to find the misunderstanding between the girl

and the westerner.

A westerner invited a Chinese girl to have lunch and take a tour around th e British Parliament. In fact, the girl didn't have the lunch just because wh en the westerner asked her "Are you hungry?" The girl answered no. The n they didn't have lunch together

.

(2) Can you find some differences in hospitality between a Chinese and E nglish? What are the reasons?

An English guest: Each time a new dish arrived his parents would lean ov er and load my plate with tasty morsels. As they had taken all the trouble t o cook it I just had to polish it off. As soon as my plate was empty they w ould put more on. Of course, I felt duty-bound to ear that too.

A Chinese guest: Can you imagine how many dishes I had? One one -- a s tew with meat and vegetables. The meat was over done and too hard to ea t; green vegetables were no longer green. They never put food on your pla te but just ask you to help yourself. If you, as a guest, are shy or modest, waiting for the food to be put on your plate, you will remain half-starved. Ⅳ。案例研究

（1）的案例分析，试图找到女孩与西方人之间的误解。

一个西方人邀请一个中国女孩吃午餐，环游英国议会。事实上，女孩没有午餐，因为当西方人问她“你饿了吗？”女孩回答，那他们不一起吃午饭

。

（2）你能找到一个英语和汉语之间的一些差异在酒店？的原因是什么？

一位英国客人：每次一道新菜到他的父母会过来载我的板的美味佳肴。他们把所有的麻烦把我刚刚擦亮它。一旦我的盘子是空的他们会把更多的。当然，我觉得有义务的耳朵太。

中国客人：你能想象我有多少道菜？一一——一个有肉和蔬菜炖。这肉熟透，太硬吃绿色蔬菜不再绿。他们从不把盘子里的食物只是问你帮助你自己。如果你，作为一个客人，害羞和谦虚，等待食物被放在你的盘子上，你仍会饿死。

Key to Unit Two

Ⅰ.Fill in blanks

a. That was delicious but I?ve already had plenty, thanks.

b. unpleasant, di sgusting

c. Individual culture

d. similarity, dissimilarity

e. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticism

Ⅱ.Key Terms

a. culture shock: It is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced mo st often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of adjusting themselves to a new culture.

b. collectivist culture: It is a culture that places little value on individual i dentity and great value on group identity.

c. hospitality: It means cordial and generous reception of or disposition to ward guests.

d. politeness: It refers to consideration for others, tact, and o bservance of accepted social usag

e.

e. privacy: It could be understood as the right of an individual to self-dete rmination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with

others information about himself that may be compromised byunauthoriz ed exchange of such information among other individuals or organization s.

关键的第二单元

Ⅰ填空

这很好吃，但我?已经有很多，谢谢。B.不愉快的，令人厌恶的C.个体文化D.

相似，不同的

E.独立性，评估，审查，批评

Ⅱ关键术语

A.文化冲击：它是一种心理现象，是经历了最经常被那些，无论是自觉或不自觉地，在适应新文化的过程。

B.集体主义文化：这是一个地方的个人身份和大的群体认同的价值文化价值点。

C.酒店：这意味着向客人亲切大方的接待或安排。

D.礼貌：它是指为他人考虑，机智，和遵守被接受的社会规范。

E.隐私：可以理解为一种个人自决权以何种程度的个人愿意与他人分享自己的信息，可能会受到影响byunauthorized交换这种在其他人或组织间的信息。

Ⅲ.Short Answer

a. 1) There is a tendency for foreigners to treat strangers as equals, seen in the politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their w illingness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. 2 ) There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners ' needs for their own privacy and autonomy and in the freedom they give t o children. 3) There is a lack of inhibition on the part of foreigners in ter

ms of expressive behaviors, seen in their lack of concern about drawing at tention to themselves and their willingness to disclose feelings and emoti ons. 4) There is a lack of understanding if the reciprocal bonds and duties that regulate in-group members, found in foreigners' casual attitudes towa rds hospitality. 5) There is a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual intimacy.

b. The reason might be that even the freedom with which foreigners expre ss love and sexual desire can be seen as a valorization of the individual's pursuit of personal pleasure and happiness. That this is offensive to attenti on from the group and focuses it on individual needs.

c. Individualists tend to believe in equality; their communication norms st ress equal treatment of subordinate and superior, friend and stranger. In c ontrast, collectivists? communication norms often stress deference; a clea r demarcation is made between one?s treatment of those above and below one in the social hierarchy. Clearly, to a collectivist, the way individualist s treat strangers will seem unusual and unnecessarily polite.

Ⅲ短的回答

答：1）有一个外国人对待陌生人是平等的趋势，看到在礼貌与外国人治疗组成员，他们愿意遵守公共规则和法律，保障所有人的权利。2）有一个独立和分开的欲望，发现在外国人的需要为自己的隐私权和自治权，他们给孩子自由。3）有对外国人的部分表现行为缺乏抑制，在他们注意他们自己和他们的意愿披露的感受和情绪的缺乏关注，见。4）有一个缺乏了解如果互惠债券和调节组成员的职责，发现在外国人的休闲态度款待。5）在身体或性亲密公共显示缺乏关心。

这个原因可能是，即使与外国人自由表达爱和性的欲望可以被看作是一个稳定的个人的追求个人的快乐和幸福。这是进攻，团体的注意和关注个人的需要。

C.个人主义者倾向于相信平等；他们的交际规范应力隶属和优越的待遇平等，朋友和陌生人。相反，集体主义?通信规范常应力差；明确划分是一?的上述处理下一个在社会阶层之间的。显然，一个集体主义，个人主义者对待陌生人会显得不寻常的和不必要的礼貌的方式。

Ⅳ.Case study

a. The mistake is that the westerner used his question as an invitation. The girl understood it only as a question. According to the Chinese tradition, t he man should have invited her to lunch since their appointment was to h ave lunch first.

b. Yes. The Chinese student felt disappointed at British hospitality becaus e she used the Chinese way of showing hospitality to judge the British on e. In the story taking place in China, the westerner couldn't imagine that t here should be sixteen dishes prepared for her. When she ate from the eig ht cold dishes, she couldn't eat anymore. It is because a Western meal nor mally severs one main course plus a starter and sweets or desserts. The fa ct is that different people in the world show their different hospitality in d ifferent ways

A.错误是西方人用他的问题作为一个邀请。女孩明白这只是一个问题。根据中国的传统，男人应该邀请她共进午餐，因为他们的任命是先吃午饭。

B是的。中国学生感到失望因为她用英国殷勤待客的判断，英国一个中国人的方式。在这个故事发生在中国，西方人无法想象应该有十六道菜为她准备的。当她吃了八个凉菜，她不能吃了。这是因为西餐通常会一道主菜加起动器、糖果或甜点。事实上，在世界的不同的人以不同的方式表现出不同的酒店

跨文化交际期末考试复习题

Define the following items:

1. culture ：what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following the m

2. communication ：give or exchange information or ideas.

3. intercultural communication ：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol s ystems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.

4. high-context culture ：

a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Informa tion is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.

5. low-context culture ：

a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.

6. relationship between culture and language ：Culture influences language by way of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe (the meaning associat ed with the symbols).Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.

7. verbal communication ：

communication done both orally and in written language 8. analytical thin king patterns (inductive) ：analyze and dissect things into elements in order to understand them prop erly.The emphasis is upon the parts rather than the whole of things.

9. synthetic thinking patterns (deductive) ： synthesize elements into a un it, with the emphasis on the “whole”.

10. nonverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generate d by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has po tential message value for the source or receiver.

11. body language ：refers to all nonverbal codes which are associated with body movements.I t includes gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, p ostures and other displays that can be used to communicate.

12. monochronic time (M Time) ：It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a li near structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future.

13. polychronic time (P Time) ：schedules several activities at the same time. In these culture people emph asize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see ap pointments as ironclad commitments and often break them.

14. ethnocentrism ：the view of things in which one’

s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rate

d with referenc

e to it.

15. stereotypes ：

a form of generalization about some group of people, or a means of organ izing images into fixed and simple categories that are used to stand for th

e entire collection o

f people.

16. prejudice ：It refers to negative attitudes towards other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. It is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude to wards another group of people.

17. discrimination ：It refers to the behavioral manifestations of the prejudice, it can be though t of as prejudice “in action”.

18. racism ：The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others.

19. culture shock ：Troublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, confusion, inadequa cy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues fr om the home culture.

20. acculturation ：It is culture change that results from continuous firsthand contact between

two distinct cultural groups

1。文化：什么行为和习俗意味着那些跟随他们

2。通信：给予或交换信息或思想。

3。跨文化交际：人的文化观念和符号系统的不同足以改变交际事件之间的通信。

4。高语境文化：一个文化中的意义是不一定包含在的话。信息是通过手势，使用空间，甚至沉默。

5。低语境文化：文化中的大部分信息是归属于显式代码。

6。文化与语言的关系：文化的方式使用这些符号的符号和规则对语言的影响，以及我们对宇宙的看法（与符号相关联的意思）。语言，另一方面，似乎有一个人的方式感知和概念化世界的重大影响。

7。言语沟通：沟通做口头和书面语言8。分析思维模式（感应）：分析解剖事物的元素，以了解它们。重点是在部分而不是整个事情。

9。综合思维模式（演绎）：合成元素到一个单位，在“整体”的重点。

10。非语言交际是交际环境中是由源和他或她的使用环境和具有的源或接收器的潜在信息价值生成的所有非言语刺激。

11。身体语言：是指所有的非语言符号，与身体的运动有关。它包括手势，头部的动作，面部表情，眼神，姿势和其它的显示，可以用来沟通。

12。单一时间（时间）：这一事件在一个时间安排。在这些文化中，时间被看作是一个线性结构就像一个彩带从过去到未来。

13。多元时间（P时间）：安排一些活动的同时。在这些文化强调人的参与的人甚于时间表。他们不知道约会那样经常打破他们的承诺。

14。民族：东西在自己的团体是一切的中心观点，和所有其他的缩放和参考评分。

15。刻板印象：一种对某些人群推广，或组织图像转换成固定的和简单的类，用来代表人的整个集合的一种手段。

16。偏见：它指的是消极的态度对待其他人是基于错误的和不灵活的刻板印象。这是一个不公平的，有偏见的，或对另一组人不宽容的态度。

17。歧视：它指的是歧视的行为表现，可以认为它是“行动”的偏见。

18。种族主义：相信种族占人的性格或能力，一个特定的种族优于其他种族差异。

19。文化冲击：麻烦的感情如抑郁，孤独，困惑，不足，敌意，挫折，和张力，从家居文化的熟悉的线索引起的损失。

20。文化适应：它是文化的转变，从两个不同的文化群体之间的直接接触，连续结果

参考答案

Part I. Multiple Choice

1-5 BBACB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 ACCAB 16-20 ACABC 21-25 AA DAA 26-30 ABCDA Part II. True or False.

1-5：FTFTT 6-10：.FTTFF

Part III. Terms

1. Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alte r the communication event

2. Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, a nd norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3812597817.html,munication is the perception of verbal (worded) and nonverbal (wit hout words) behaviors and the assignment of meaning to them

4.Uncertainty avoidance measures how much ambiguity people will endu re and how much risk they like to take Or It deals with a society’s toleran ce for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man’s search for t

ruth 5.Cultures in which less has to be said or written because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people are h igh context

6.Stereotype is more broadly used to refer to negative or positive judgme nts made about individuals based on any observable or believed group me mbership

7.Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular g roup of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons

8.Nonverbal communication refers to intentional use of nonspoken symb ol to communicate a specific message

第三部分的条款

1跨文化交际refers to交流的文化认知和符号系统的人们是单独enough to the 通信事件的改变

2文化是learned set of shared解释关于信念，价值，和规范，它影响行为of 相对宽Group of people

3。通信is the感知of记录（worded）和nonverbal（没有的话）行为and the assignment of meaning to them

4。不确定性回避措施的人会经历多么模棱两可and How much like to take risk 他们它deals with a捉住这个金色的不确定性与模糊性为；它最终refers to search for Truth 5人。文化in which less has to be said或书面因为more of the meaning is in the physical environment金already shared by people are High Context

6。的是更多broadly used to refer to负或正judgments made about individuals based on any观察认为黄金集团成员

禁忌refers to some words 7。黄金股票that are是否避免了by a particular group of people，金在一定的社会文化原因for Religious金

8。nonverbal refers to use of nonspoken intentional通信符号to communicate a specific消息