2012考研英语二真题及答案解析

15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained

16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted

17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired

18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances

19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond

20.[A]on the contrary[B]by this means[C]from the outset[D]at that point

SectionⅡReading Comprehension

Text1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on his educational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student’s academic grade.

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.

District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling:teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.But with homework counting for no more than10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.

At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.

The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.

21.It is implied in paragraph1that nowadays homework_____.

[A]is receiving more criticism

[B]is no longer an educational ritual

[C]is not required for advanced courses

[D]is gaining more preferences

22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.

[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education

[B]have asked for a different educational standard

[C]may have problems finishing their homework

[D]have voiced their complaints about homework

B should not be associated with girls'innocence

C cannot explain girls'lack of imagination

D cannot influence girls'lives and interests

27.According to Paragraph2,which of the following is true of colours?

A Colors are encoded in girls'DNA

B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls

C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders

D White is preferred by babies

28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________.

[A]the marketing of products for children

[B]the observation of children's nature

[C]researches into children's behavior

[D]studies of childhood consumption

29.We may learn from Paragraph4that department stores were advised________.

A focuses on infant wear and older kids'clothes

B attach equal importance to different genders

C classify consumers into smaller groups

D create some common shoppers'terms

30.It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be_____.

A clearly explained by their inborn tendency

B fully understood by clothing manufacturers

C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen

D well interpreted by psychological experts

Text3

In2010.a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d12211114.html,panies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by2005some20%of human genes were patented.But in March2010a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.

On July29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.

But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents'monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d12211114.html,st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of nature...than are cotton fibres that have been

separated from cotton seeds.”

Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.

AS the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d12211114.html,panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain.firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d12211114.html,panies are eager to win patents for‘connecting the dots’,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.

Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.

31.It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______

A.their executives to be active

B.judges to rule out gene patenting

C.genes to be patentable

D.the BIO to issue a warning

32.Those who are against gene patents believe that_____

A.genetic tests are not reliable

B.only man-made products are patentable

C.patents on genes depend much on innovations

D.courts should restrict access to genetic tests

33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for_____

A.establishing disease correlations

B.discovering gene interactions

C.drawing pictures of genes

D.identifying human DNA

34．By saying“each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that_____

A.the Supreme Court was authoritative

B.the BIO was a powerful organization

C.gene patenting was a great concern

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d12211114.html,wyers were keen to attend conventions

35.Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is_____

A.critical

B.supportive

C.scornful

D.objective

Text4

The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,

It will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.

No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways;they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.

But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.

Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrease opportunities to cross them---especially for young people.The research of Till Von Wachter,the economist in Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.

In the internet age,it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society.More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects,the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results.We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric.But they certainly it,and all the more so the longer they extend.

36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Line1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.

[A]seek subsidies from the government

[B]explore reasons for the unemployment

[C]make profits from the troubled economy

[D]look on the bright side of the recession

37.According to Paragraph2,the recession has made people_____.

[A]realize the national dream

[B]struggle against each other

[C]challenge their lifestyle

[D]reconsider their lifestyle

38.Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.

[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants

[B]bring out more evils of human nature

[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms

[D]ease conflicts between races and classes

39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to_____.

[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities

[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees

[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’

[D]recover more quickly than the others

40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT1.(10points)

Universal history,the history of what man has accomplished in this world,is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.Well,not any more it is not.

Suddenly,Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form.This could be no more than a passing literary craze,but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past:less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain.Today,we want empathy,not inspiration.

From the earliest days of the Renaissance,the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men.In1337,Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus-On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus(or virtue)of classical heroes.Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top.This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head.In The Prince, the championed cunning,ruthlessness,and boldness,rather than virtue,mercy and justice,as the skills of successful leaders.

Over time,the attributes of greatness shifted.The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day,stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory.By contrast,the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explores."The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help,if patient purpose,resolute working and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself."His biographies of James Walt,Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.

This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle,who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther,Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate,but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.

47.Directions

Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day,Write an email to the customer service center to

1)Make a complaint and

2)Demand a prompt solution

You should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET2

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use"zhang wei"instead.

48、write an essay based on the following table.In your writing you should

1)Describe the table,and

2)Give your comments

You should write at least150words(15points)

2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解

SectionⅠUse of English

文章分析

本文是一篇以人物介绍为中心的说明文。讲述了身为草根的G.I.Joe，成长为美国对外战争中一名战斗勇士。第一、二段介绍了一个普通人G.I.Joe的生活背景及在美国和其他国家战争中的英勇表现从而获得美国政府的奖励。第三段指出G.I.Joe为代表的普通士兵们对和平和安定的平民生活的渴望。

试题解析

Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy，the symbol of American military adventurism,but that's not how it used to be.To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated,the G.I.was the__2__man grown into hero，the poor farm kid torn away from his home，the guy who__3__all the burdens of battle，who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the__4__of food and shelter，who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid，__5__an average guy，up__6__the best trained，best equipped，fiercest，most brutal enemies seen in centuries.

【译文】数以百万计的美国人和外国人将G.I.Joe视为毫无头脑的战争玩偶，看作美国军事冒险主义的象征，但在过去事实并非如此。对于参战于第二次世界大战中的人们，和那些在战争中获取自由的人们而言，G.I.只是一名普通人，一名在战争中成长的英雄。起初他只是一名被迫离开家园的贫穷农场男孩，后来他承担起了所有的战争重负。他曾睡在冰冷的散兵坑中，他曾顽强地坚持在没有食物和住所的艰苦生存条件中，他在残酷的战争中坚持到底并击退了纳粹统治的杀戮。他不是志愿兵，也没有高薪待遇，他只是一个普通人，抵抗着几个世纪以来最训练有素、装备最精良、最凶猛和最残忍的敌人。1.

[A]performed执行，完成

[B]served为……服务，招待

[C]rebelled反叛，反抗

[D]betrayed背叛，出卖

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated。空格中需要填入一个动词，该动词所在的定语从句修饰限定其先行词the men and women,由定语从句中the people they liberated…意为“被他们解放的人”，再结合前面World War II，可判断出答案应为B项served。serve in the war意为“服兵役，当兵”。

【命题思路】本题根据上下文语义信息做出判断，同时也考查对相近含义词汇的辨析。

【干扰排除】纵观四个选项都是动词，所以就要分析词义，如果不认识这几个词，此题的难度就会变大。A项perform作及物动词时多为“履行，完成”，后面需要带宾语，其次带入句中意为“二战中执行的男男女女”，执行什么不得知，可以排除。C项rebel带入句中意为“二战中反抗的男男女女”，意思和下文无法衔接。D项betray带入句中意为“二战中背叛的男男女女”，也排除。

2.

[A]actual真实的，实际的

[B]common普通的，一般的

[C]special特别的，专门的

[D]normal正常的，正规的

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是the G.I.was the__2__man grown into hero。grown into hero意为“成长为英雄”，是分词短语作定语修饰限定前面的man。判断该题答案，应以该句后面一句为线索the poor farm kid torn away from his home意为“被迫离开家园的贫困农场男孩”，由此可判断出答案应为B项the common man“普通人”。G.I.是一个从普通人成长起来的英雄。

【命题思路】主要考查对意思相近词汇的辨析能力。这类题出现越来越频繁，值得考生注意。

【干扰排除】A项actual意为“真实的，实际的”，强调事实，如actual fact；放在此处为真实的人，与句意不符。C项special“特别的”，文中G.I.出身贫寒，非权非贵，故排除。D项normal意为“正常的”，主要强调人的精神状态是否正常，与文中意思不符，也排除。

3.

[A]bore承受，承担

[B]cased包围，把……装于容器中

[C]removed移动，移除

[D]loaded装载，加载

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句…who__3__all the burdens of battle，是修饰限定the guy的定语从句。该空需要一个动词，作定语从句的谓语。由该空后面的burdens可判断，该空选A项bear的过去式bore。bear burden，意为“承受负担”。

【命题思路】这类题主要考查考生对单词的掌握程度以及对意思相近词汇的辨析能力。还需要考生对文章的逻辑关系做出判断，选择符合搭配习惯的选项。

【干扰排除】该句意为这个男子承担战争的重负。B项eased意为“缓解”。C项remove意为“移除”，该句后面所有信息都表明经受战争磨难，所以ease,remove都不合适。D项load为“装载，加载”，后面一般跟货物，故排除。

4.

[A]necessities必需品

[B]facilities设施，工具

[C]commodities商品，日用品

[D]properties性能，财产

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是who went without the__4__of food and shelter。of food and shelter是该空所需填入词的后置定语。food and shelter意为“食物和住所”，可判断出该空答案为A项necessities“必需品”。

【命题思路】其他选项经常会以近义词的形式干扰考生。近义词或形近词常常会构成强干扰项，这就需要考生平时多留心区别应用这些词汇。

【干扰排除】B项facilities指器材，一般为大型器材，如健身器材。C项commodities特指商品和日用品，为集合名词，是各种商品、产品的总称。D项properties指财产或某物的性质。这三个选项放在此处明显偏离题意，故排除。

5.

[A]and和，与

[B]nor也不是，也没有

[C]but但是，而且

[D]hence因此

【答案】C

【考点】逻辑关系

【直击答案】本空格所在句是this was not a volunteer soldier，not someone well paid，__5__an average guy。not…but….意为“不是…而是…”。该句意为“这不是一名志愿兵，也没有优厚待遇，而是一个普通人”。答案选C项。

【命题思路】此处考查连词的使用，判断句与句的逻辑关系非常重要。常见的逻辑关系有并列、转折、递进等。这种题型经常出现，需要考生对连词有一定的掌握。

【干扰排除】A项and起并列连词作用，故排除。B项nor继续否定，后面所说的应和上文同义，但是下文与上文明显意思不一致，故排除。D项hence是表示结果的连词，这里并没有体现因果关系，故排除。

6.

[A]for为了，因为

[B]into到……里，深入……之中

[C]from来自于…

[D]against反对的，反抗的

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是up__6__the best trained，best equipped，fiercest，most brutal enemies seen in centuries。由所需填入词后面的信息：训练最有素、装备最精良、最凶猛和最残忍的敌人，尤其是关键词enemies敌人，可判断出该题答案为D项against。意为“反抗敌人”。

【命题思路】考查介词的使用。需要考生掌握介词的用法以及介词和动词的搭配。

【干扰排除】此处考查固定搭配，up against sb./sth.“起身反抗某人/某物”。其他介词一般与up搭配会有一个动词。A项for“为了”后面跟对象或者原因，如go up for“追求……”。

His name is not much.G.I.is just a military abbreviation__7__Government Issue，and it was on all of the articles__8__to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never__9__it to the top.Joe Blow,Joe

Palooka,Joe Magrac…a working class name.The United States has__10__had a president or vice president or secretary of state Joe.

【译文】他的名字并没有过多特殊含义。G.I.只不过是一个军事缩写词，全称是Government Issue(军用品)，这个标识在分发给士兵的所有物品上都可以看到。那么Joe呢？这只是一个的普通人的名字，一个不带有任何功名利禄色彩的名字。Joe Blow、Joe Magrac等等，也都只是工薪阶层的名字。美国的总统、副总统或国务卿从来没有名字是Joe的。

7.

[A]meaning意味着

[B]implying意味着，暗示着

[C]symbolizing象征，代表

[D]claiming声称

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是G.I.is just a military abbreviation__7__Government Issue。military abbreviation意为“军事用语缩写”，可推断出Government Issue是G.I.的全称。由选项可知，该空语法结构是动词ing形式作定语，修饰空格前面部分。根据题意应选A项。

【命题思路】该题考查近义词辨析。此类题占的比例比较大，需要考生平时多积累。

【干扰排除】Government Issue是对G.I.的解释说明，既无象征意思也无隐含意思。所以B项和C项排除。D项意为“声称”，放在这里意思不符，也排除。C项是强干扰项，但symbolize强调象征意义。例：The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War between East and West.柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。

8.

[A]handed out分发，分给

[B]turned over把……反过来，移交给

[C]brought back带回来

[D]passed down遗传，传下来

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是and it was on all of the articles__8__to soldiers。根据所给选项，可判断出所需填入词是动词ed形式作后置定语，用来修饰限定前面的articles。四个选项中，只有A项符合题意，意为“它(这个标识)出现在所有分发给士兵的物品上面”。

【命题思路】该题考查词组搭配。需要考生平时积累固定词组搭配。

【干扰排除】D项passed down是强干扰项，意为“遗传，传下来”，指遗产、某种风俗习惯或者传奇故事的流传，排除该项。B、C两项用在此处意思不符，故排除。

9.

[A]pushed推动，推进

[B]got获取，得到

[C]made使得

[D]managed设法，努力

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是And Joe?A common name for a guy who never__9__it to the top.who never__9__it to the top是定语从句，修饰限定a guy。to the top在本文中可理解为“获得最高军事头衔”。make it意为“成功，设法到达”。例：he has made it as a poet.他最终成为一名成功的诗人。答案选C 项。

【命题思路】一些习惯用语需要考生在平时多积累。这些惯用语在不同语境也会体现不同意思，如get it？可以表示“拿到了吗？”也可以表示“明白了吗？”。

【干扰排除】A项push it为“推向前”，语义不符。B项got it“得到”，意思不符。D项managed it，manage(to)含有强调千方百计努力都未能成功的消极语义，与文中意思不符。

10.

[A]ever曾经，永远

[B]never从没有，绝不

[C]either两者之中任一的

[D]neither两者都不

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是The United States has__10__had a president or vice president or secretary of state Joe.根据上文中提到的“Joe只是一个普通人、是一个工人阶层普通人的名字”。空格所在句意为“一位名为Joe的总统，副总统或国务卿”。上、下文语义矛盾，所以可判断出，该句空格处需填入一个表示否定含义的词。neither也表否定，但指两者都不，不符合题意，答案选B项never“从没有，从来不是”。

【命题思路】此题考查的是语义逻辑及语法搭配。

【干扰排除】either…or…和neither…nor…，都仅限于两者间搭配使用，而此句提到总统、副总统和国务卿三者。此外，neither后面接nor，而非or。因此either、neither项都可排除。根据句意，该句“美国的总统，副总统或国务卿从来没有名字是Joe的”，此句表达否定的意思，所以也排除A项。

G.I.Joe had a__11__career fighting German，Japanese,and Korean troops.He appears as a character,or a

__12__of American personalities,in the1945movie The Story of G.I.Joe,based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle__13__portrayed themselves in the film.

【译文】G.I.Joe有着非同寻常的战争经历，他曾与德国、日本和朝鲜军队作战，在1945年的名为《美国大兵乔的故事》的电影中，他作为一个角色出现，作为一个集中了美国人性格的人物出现。该电影是根据战地记者Ernie Pyle在战争后期的报道拍摄而成的。

11.

[A]disguised假装的，伪装的

[B]disturbed扰乱的

[C]disputed有争议的

[D]distinguished著名的，卓越的

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句G.I.Joe had a__11__career fighting German，Japanese,and Korean troops.所需填入词用来修饰后面的career“事业”，现在分词短语fighting German，Japanese,and Korean troops作后置定语，同样修饰career。由此可推断出，G.I.Joe作为一个美国大兵，参加过许多战争，非同一般。答案选D项。

【命题思路】此题考查的是形近词辨析。形近词的重要性已反复强调。

【干扰排除】形近词的辨析常常构成强干扰。A项disguised“假装的，伪装的”，B项disturbed“被扰乱的”，C项disputed“有争议的”，皆为干扰项。意思均不符合上下文语义，故都排除。

12.

[A]company公司，同伴，陪同

[B]collection收集，聚集

[C]community社区，团体

[D]colony殖民地

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是He appears as a character,or a__12__of American personalities in the1945 movie The Story of G.I.Joe.该句意为“他是1945年名为《美国大兵乔的故事》电影中的角色”。American personalities意为“美国人的性格”。该句表达的是，此角色体现了美国人性格特点的集合。只有B项符合题意，a collection of意为“集……为一体的”。

【命题思路】此题考查语义辨析和词组搭配。

【干扰排除】A项company“公司；陪伴”，C项community“社区团体”，D项colony“殖民地”，与原文意思不符，均排除。

13.

[A]employed雇用

[B]appointed任命

[C]interviewed采访

[D]questioned询问，怀疑

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是Some of the soldiers Pyle__13__portrayed themselves in the film.由上文a war correspondent,可知Pyle是一名战地记者。本句中主语是some of the soldiers，谓语是portrayed“描述”。Pyle__13__作主语的定语从句修饰限定some of the soldiers。根据上文给出Pyle战地记者的身份信息，可判断此题答案为C项interviewed“采访”。意为“Pyle采访过的那些士兵”。

【命题思路】此题考查语义逻辑和词义辨析。A、B两个选项词义相近，C、D两个选项词义相近。

【干扰排除】此处干扰项主要是D项questioned。D项除了“提问题”之外还有“质疑”的意思，用在这里不合适。A项employed意为“雇用”，B项appointed意为“任命”，均不符题意，故排除。Pyle was famous for covering the__14__side of the war,writing about the dirtsnowandmud soldiers,not how many miles were__15__or what towns were captured or liberated,his reports__16__the“willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men__17__the dirt and exhaustion of war,the__18__of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter, sleep.__19__Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was any American soldier，__20__the most important person in their lives.

【译文】Pyle采访过的一些士兵在电影中描述了自己在战争中的经历。Pyle以报道战争中人性的一面而闻名，他报道了满身是泥和雪的士兵，而不是他们的行军速度和攻占或解放了什么城镇。他的报道与著名的《星条旗报》的艺术家Bill Maulden的漫画“Willie”相似。这两个人都强调了战争的阴暗面及劳民伤财，认为这只不过文明的幻想，即士兵之间以及士兵与平民之间互相分享咖啡、土豆、威士忌、住所和睡眠。对埃及、法国和其他十几个国家而言，G.I.Joe是任何一位美国士兵，在那个时期中也是他们一生中最重要的人。

14.

[A]ethical伦理的，道德的

[B]military军事的，军队的

[C]political政治的

[D]human人类的，人性化的

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是Pyle was famous for covering the__14__side of the war,writing about the dirtsnowandmud soldiers.根据下文信息，Pyle描写的是满身粘着雪和泥土的士兵，而不是他们攻占或解放了多少城镇，可推断出这里表述的是，Pyle因报道战争的人性面而闻名。所以该题答案为D项human “人类的，人性化的”。

【命题思路】该题考查考生对文章上下文的理解，这也是完形填空题型的特点之一。每一选项不仅仅和该题所在句有关系，也要联系上下文给出的信息来判断、论证。

【干扰排除】B项military“军事的”和C项political“有关政治的”和原文意思相去甚远，排除。A 项ethical是“伦理的，道德的”，文中没有体现这方面的内容。Pyle所报道的是满身粘着泥和雪的士兵，更加关注人的方面。

15.

[A]ruined毁灭，使破产

[B]commuted乘车上下班，减轻(刑罚等)

[C]patrolled巡逻，巡查

[D]gained获得，增加

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是not how many miles were__15__or what towns were captured or liberated,接上文含义，可判断出这里表达意思是Pyle所要描写的不是行军了多少公里，攻占或解放了多少城镇。空格处词汇应与后面的captured和liberated同义，又要与miles形成动宾搭配。D项gained为及物动词，不仅可用于被动语态，且与miles形成搭配。

【命题思路】此题主要考查词义辨析和搭配，需要考生根据逻辑关系和语义搭配来判断答案。

【干扰排除】A项ruined“破坏”，破坏的东西应该是实物，而不是长度。B项commuted“通勤/乘车往返两地”，常用作不及物动词。C项patrolled“巡逻，巡查”，常连接具体空间地点而非长度单位miles。

16.

[A]paralleled与……相似，比得上

[B]counteracted抵抗，抵消

[C]duplicated复制，使加倍

[D]contradicted反驳，否定

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是His reports__16__the“willie”cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.该句后面一句开头Both为关键词，表明“两者都……”的含义，可推断出本句中所提到his reports和the“willie”cartoons有相似点、共同点。四个选项中只有含A项有“和……相似”的含义。【命题思路】本题考查考生对上下文的理解。

【干扰排除】下一句开头both一词可提示两者是有共同点的。C项duplicated意为“复制”，有一定的干扰性，但显然报道与漫画两者之间无法复制。B项counteracted“抵抗，抵消”和D项contradicted “反驳，否定”都含有“与……相反”之意，不符合上下文信息，故排除。

17.

[A]neglected忽视

[B]avoided避免

[C]emphasized强调

[D]admired钦佩

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是Both men__17__the dirt and exhaustion of war。根据上文提到的，Pyle的报道重点在于报道战争中人的一面，再理解本句意为表述两个人的共同点，可判断两个人都更多关注士兵，或者说两个人的作品都以士兵在战争中的艰辛为重点。由此可判断出，答案选C项，两个人都强调战争的阴暗面，战争的后果——耗尽财力、劳力。

【命题思路】本题仍旧考查对文章上下文信息的理解。同时也考查对词汇的辨析。

【干扰排除】根据上下文，两个人都反对战争，所以本题所在句不可能是表达A项neglected“忽视”战争的非人道，或者B项avoided“避免”战争的非人道，更不可能是D项admired“钦佩”战争的非人道，故都排除。

18.

[A]stages阶段

[B]illusions幻觉，幻想

[C]fragments部分，片段

[D]advances发展，前进

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是…the__18__of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.由上文中提到士兵在战争中遭遇的艰辛和战争带来的严重后果，可推断中本句所描述的咖啡、土豆、威士忌等都是各地文化的部分。四个选项中只有C项fragments有“碎片，片段”的含义，故正确答案为C项。

【命题思路】句内结构分析及语义逻辑。

【干扰排除】A项stages意为“阶段”，B项illusions意为“幻觉，幻想”，D项advances意为“前进”，均语义不通。

19.

[A]With和……一起，随着

[B]To对于，为了

[C]Among在……之中

[D]Beyond超过……

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是__19__Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries。联系本文背景，这些美国大兵在第二次世界大战中作战，击退纳粹，可判断出，此空应填to,意为“对于这些埃及人、法国人，还有其他许多国家”来说。

【命题思路】此题考查考生对介词的掌握。英语中介词较多，不同介词表达不同的含义，一些介词可表原因，如for;一些表对象，如to;一些表伴随，如with。

【干扰排除】A项with“和……一起，随着”通常用来引导伴随状语。C项among“在……之中”，后面要跟包含三个以上的名词。D项beyond“超过……”也不符合上述句法结构，也排除。

20.

[A]on the contrary与……相反

[B]by this means用这种方法

[C]from the outset从一开始

[D]at that point就那点(方面)来说

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是G.I.Joe was any American soldier，__20__the most important person in their lives.同19题一样，要联系文章所给出的背景信息解答本题，美国大兵在第二次世界大战中帮助世界许多国家人民获得自由，这些国家的人对美国大兵都心怀感激。本题答案为D项，意为“从那方面来说，Joe这个名字代表着所有的美国大兵，他们是这些国家人民生活中最重要的人。”

【命题思路】此题考查的是介词短语。同时选择正确答案还需结合上下文逻辑关系。

【干扰排除】空格所需填入词同其后面的部分是前面any American soldier的同位语，用来补充说明any American soldier，所以在逻辑上应该是承前的。A项on the contrary表相反的含义，一般用来表转折的逻辑关系，故排除。B项by this means“用这种方法”和C项from the outset“从一开始”都不符合上、下文语义，也排除。

核心词汇

brutal a.野蛮的，残忍的，严酷的

capture vt.俘虏，捕获，夺得

civilization n.文明，开化，教化

civilian n.平民，百姓a.百姓的，民用的

correspondent n.通信者，相当物，相似物

exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽，用光，耗尽，详尽论述

liberate vt.解放，使获自由

military a.军事的，军用的n.军队，武装力量

portray vt.描绘，描述，扮演

长难句分析

1.To the men and women who served in World War II and the people they liberated,the G．I．was the common man grown into hero，the poor farm kid torn away from his home，the guy who bore all the burdens of battle，who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the necessities of food and shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.

【分析】该句难点在于句子过长且从句很多，但细辨即可知句子主句很简单，其他部分皆是扩展。状语从句To the men and women who served in World War II and the people they liberated中who引导了一个定语从句修饰先行词the men and women，who在从句中作主语，谓语是served，后面的they liberated 修饰先行词people。该句省略了关系连词whom，补全为the people whom they liberated,whom作宾语指代people。主句很长，但基本的结构是简单的主系表结构，即the G.I.was the common man.后面的grown into hero中grown是过去分词，修饰man。the poor farm kidtorn away from his home中the poor farm kind 是common man的同位语，torn away from his home中torn是过去分词修饰the poor farm kid。The guy 后面跟了四个由who引导的定语从句，who在其中皆作主语，指代the guy。

2.He appears as a character,or a collection of American personalities，in the1945movie The Story of G.I. Joe,based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.

【分析】该句的主要结构是主谓宾结构，主要成分是He appears as a character,or a collection of American personalities.appear as意为“作为……出现”。后面，in the1945movie The Story of…作appear的地点状语，意为出现在名为《美国大兵乔的故事》的电影中。based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle是过去分词短语作后置定语用来修饰前面的电影The Story of G.I.Joe，因为后置定语过长所以用逗号隔开，意为“这部电影基于战地记者Ernie Pyle最后的日子拍摄而成的”。

SectionⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

Text1

文章分析

本文选自Los Angeles Times(《洛杉矶时报》)2011年7月10日一篇题为L.A.Unified's Faulty Approach to Homework(《洛杉矶对家庭作业的错误处理方法》)的文章。

本文是一篇议论文，主要围绕Los Angeles Unified(洛杉矶联合学区)所制定的一项关于家庭作业的新政策展开话题。文章第一段介绍了这一新政策颁布的背景和内容。第二段指出该政策目的不明确且自相矛盾，表达了对该政策的不满。第三、四段进一步指出该政策存在的问题及弊端。第五段提到如果校董事会能暂缓实施这项关于家庭作业的政策，洛杉矶联合学区修正其作业规定还为时不晚。

试题解析

21.根据文章首段，目前家庭作业________。

[A]正受到更多的批评

[B]不再是一项教育举措

[C]不是高级课程所需要的

[D]正受到更多的青睐

【答案】A

【考点】推理题

【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题，需要锁定第一段，从而在理解文章具体细节信息的基础上能够判断出人们对于目前家庭作业所持有的立场。

【直击答案】根据题干关键词“Paragraph1”和“nowadays homework”定位到首句。题干的nowadays 对应该句后半句中的in recent years，因此可推出所选答案则应该是对家庭作业表示否定的信息，A项是否定信息，并且是对原文信息“it has been particularly scorned”的同义替换，故为正确答案。

【干扰排除】B项根据“educational courses”定位到该段第二句，原文提到的是“revise”，意为“改变”，而没有表达取消家庭作业的想法，为过度推断。C项根据“advanced courses”定位到该段第三句，暗示了高级课程中家庭作业的比例仍然没变，C项内容和文章表述相反。D项的“more preference”表明人们对家庭作业的态度是正面的，文中则指出“it has been particularly scorned”，是明显的负面态度，D项属于正反混淆。

22.洛杉矶联合学区制定这项关于家庭作业的规定主要是因为贫困学生________。

[A]往往对教育的期望值不高

[B]已经要求采用不同的教育标准

[C]在完成家庭作业时可能有困难

[D]已经表达了他们对家庭作业的抱怨

【答案】C

【考点】细节题

【命题思路】这是一道局部细节题，需要对文章第二段具体信息进行锁定，本题主要考查考生对于上下文逻辑关系的理解。

【直击答案】基于题干内容，结合出题顺序和行文顺序一致的原则，可初步定位至第二段首句。题干信息“made the rule about homework mainly because”和该句“This rule is meant to(规定的目的)”相对应，“poor students”则和该句的“students from impoverished or chaotic homes”相对应，所以正确选项应该表达“这些学生在完成家庭作业时可能有困难”，故C项为正确答案。

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

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