2019年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析

Section I Use of English

1【答案】D However

【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是一种解任何显著的体重波动的好方法。空格所在句指出：_____，如果太频繁，这种习惯有时会造成损害。前文wonderful way（好方法）与后文hurt（损害）形成转折关系，故填入however（然而）。另外，however也是考研完形填空中的高频词。其他选项：therefore（因此），otherwise（否则）和besides（此外）此处不符合语境，故正确答案为D However。

2【答案】A helps

【解析】此处考察反义复现。空格所在句指出：this habit can sometimes hurt more than it_____（这种习惯的坏处要比_____多），应该是help（有帮助，有好处），与前文hurt（损害）形成反义复现。其他选项：Cares（关心），warns（警告），reduces（减少，致使）均不能与hurt形成呼应，故正确答案为A helps。

3【答案】B solely

【解析】此处考察同义复现+词义辨析。空格所在句指出：至于我，每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康和好动转移到_____专注与体重秤。填入solely（仅仅）语义通顺。另外本句focusing solely on the scale中的solely（仅仅）与本段后文thinking only of_____the number on the scale的only 形成了同义复现。故正确答案为B solely。

4【答案】B lowering

【解析】此处考察词义辨析+反义复现。空格所在句指出：我曾经以增加肌肉含量而增重，但后来只考虑_____体重的数量，我改变了我的训练方案。填入lowering（减少）语义通顺。另外，该句中间有but，说明前后为转接。lower与前文gain weight（增重）形成反义复现，其他选项：explaining （解释），accepting（接受），recording（记录）均不符合文意。故正确答案为B lowering。

5【答案】D reach

【解析】此处考察成分搭配和语义理解。空格所在句指出：这与我需要训练以_____目标的方式相冲突。此处填入reach（达到）与goal（目标）形成动宾搭配，且语义通顺，表达连贯。其他选项：set（设定），modify（修改）虽然可以与goal搭配，但文意不符；review（评论；温习）和goal不能形成搭配。故正确答案为D reach。

6【答案】B depiction

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。分析空格处所在句的句意：我还发现，每天体重并不能为我在健身房所做的努力以及取得的进步，提供精确的_____，空格处所需的名词需要使句子完整通顺。B选项depiction（描写，叙述）符合语义要求；C选项distribution（分布，分配），D选项prediction（预言，预测），A选项definition（定义）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为B depiction。

7【答案】A due to

【解析】此处考察短语辨析。空格所在句的句意：需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显著变化，_____改变了你的训练计划。空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成因果的逻辑关系，只有A选项due to（由于）符合要求；B选项regardless of（不管，不顾），C选项aside from（除...以外），D选项along with（与...一起，连同）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为A due to。

8【答案】D immediate

【解析】此处考察词义辨析。分析空格处所在句的句意：最_____的改变将会体现在技能水平，力量和身高降低，空格处所需的形容词需要和后面的宾语change构成语义搭配，并且适合语境。D选项immediate（立即的，直接的）符合语义要求；B选项rigid（严格的），C选项precise（精确的），A 选项orderly（有秩序的）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为D immediate。

9【答案】C reasons

【解析】此处考察固定搭配。For these reasons由于这些原因。空格所在句指出：由于这些原因（上文提到的原因），我停止每天称体重。只有C选项reasons（原因）符合要求；B选项judgments（判断），D选项methods（方法，方式），A选项claims（要求，索赔）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为C reasons。

10【答案】A instead

【解析】此处考察词义辨析以及上下文语境分析。空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因，我停止每天称体重。后半句话句意：而转而改用两个月称一次体重。switched to转而...与选项instead对应。A选项instead（代替，反而）符合语义要求；B选项though（虽然，尽管），C选项again （又，再一次），D选项indeed（的确，实在）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为A instead。

11【答案】B track

【解析】空格所在句提到：Since weight loss is not my goal（因为减重不是我的目的），it is less important for me to_____my weight each week（对我来说，每周_____我的体重不太重要）。空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的宾语my weight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配，除此之外，本文的主题是称重，因此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化，因此只有B track符合语义与主题要求。

12【答案】D account for

【解析】空格所在句提到：Weighing every other week allows me to observe and any significant weight changes（每周一周称体重使我能够观察及任何明显的体重变化），空格处所填入的动词需和后面的宾语weight changes构成通顺的动宾搭配；同时，该动词还和observe构成并列关系，并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点（先观察到体重变化，再来了解或解释体重变化的原因），因此只有D选项account for（解释，了解）更恰当。

13【答案】B adjust

【解析】空格所在处提到：That tells me whether I need to____my training program（那告诉我，我是否需要____我的训练项目）。空格处所填动词需要和后面的宾语training program构成顺畅的动宾语义关系；除此之外，that指代上文中“观察并了解体重变化”，因此此处应该表明，观察并了解体重变化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目。因此B adjust符合要求。

14【答案】A results

【解析】空格处所在句提到：I use my bimonthly weigh-in to get information about my nutrition as well（我根据两个月称重一次的来获得关于我的营养方面的信息）。空格处所填名词需和bimonthly weigh-in构成顺畅的语义关系，空格处上文提到“两个月称重一次可以观察并了解任何明显的体重变化”，因此空格处应该表示“称重结果”，故A results为正确答案。

15【答案】C hungry

【解析】空格处提到：If....but I am constantly and dropping weight,this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake（如果....我持续以及体重下降，那么这是一个标志表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄入），根据条件状从和主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系，空格处填入“hungry（饥饿）”更符合语义要求。

16【答案】C sign

【解析】空格之前的“this”指代前面if引导的条件状语从句“如果我运动量保持不变，但总是觉得饿并且体重下降”，空格后面that引导的定语从句“我需要增加每日卡路里的摄取”，根据前后语义，此空天sign“信号”最合理。

17【答案】C decision

【解析】空格后动词不定式结构“to stop weighing myself every day”作空格处名词的定语，“停止每天称体重这个”，根据语义，此处填decision“决定”最合理。

18【答案】A disappointing

【解析】此空在of介词短语中，修饰名词“burden负担”，根据语义色彩，此处应该填贬义词，因此disappointing“令人失望的”最合理。

19【答案】A if because

【解析】根据选项特征看出本题考查句内逻辑关系，前半句话“I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals”（我也更成功地实现了健身目标），后半句“I’m training according to those goals,mot the numbers on scale.”（我根据那些目标来训练，而不是体重数字。）此处应为因果关系，所以正确选项为because。此外，本句话中的“also”表明与前一句话之间的关系，前一句话中的since也表示因果关系。

20【答案】A obsessing

【解析】根据选项特征，此处填入动词的现在分词，起逻辑主语为句子主语you，宾语为thescale，通过上文可知，作者对于“the scale”一直持否定态度，因此此空根据语义色彩排除

domination“统治”和triumphing“胜利”，而puzzling over表示“仔细琢磨，冥思苦想”，与上下文语义不符。因此选obsessing“使困扰”。

SectionⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

Text1

21【答案】C foster a child’s moral development

【解析】根据题干“researchers”，“guilt”，“a good thing”关键词定位到第一段最后一句，除此之外，题干中还有关键词“because”，判定该题属于细节题中考查因果逻辑关系的题目，需要在原文中精准回文定位；原文中第一段最后一句明确出现了“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt...a good thing.”根据代词向前文指代的原则，题干中所问的原因就在上一句，由“Children aren’t born knowing how to say“I’m sorry”;rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends--and their own consciences”，其中的“such statements appease parents and friends--and their own consciences”（该品质能够使父母/朋友和孩子自己都感觉更舒适），such statements指代的即为“say sorry”或文章主题词guilt，纵观四个选型，只有C选项foster a child’s moral development（提高孩子的道德发展）可以实现同义替换，故为正确答案。其余选项[A]regulate a child’s basic emotions（管理孩子基本情绪）中的regulate原文未提及，[B]improve a child’s intellectual ability（改善孩子的智力）中intellectual ability原文未提及，而[D]intensify a child’s positive feelings（加强孩子的积极感觉）在原文中未提及，故排除。

22【答案】B burdensome

【解析】根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题。根据题干关键信息“Paragraph2,many people still consider guilt to be”定位到第二段，最终锁定对本段第二句话的理解，尤其关键的是对第二句话中破折号的理解，“It is deeply uncomfortable--it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones”（这种感觉非常不舒服，就像穿着一件石头做的夹克一样），对比所给四个选项，只有B项“burdensome”（负担沉重的，繁重的）与原文表述一致，故为最佳答案。A项“deceptive”（欺骗的）C项“addictive”（上瘾的）以及D项“inexcusable”（不可原谅的）均与原文表述不一致，故排除。

23【答案】D an emotion can play opposing roles

【解析】根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题。根据题干关键信息“Vaish holds that...awareness that”定位本文的第二段“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking...can serve”（这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分，即情绪不是二元情感，在一个情境中有利的情绪在另一个情境中可能是有害的），对比四个选项，只有[D]an emotion can play opposing roles（情绪可以起到相反的作用）为最佳答案。[A]emotions are context-independent（情绪与语境无关）与原文表述相反。[B]emotions are socially constructive（从社会角度讲，情绪具有积极性）在文中没有提及。[C]emotional stability can benefit health（情绪稳定有益与身体健康）在文中没有提及，故排除。

24【答案】B can result form either sympathy or guilt

【解析】根据题干可知这是一道人物观点题。根据题干关键词“Malti and others have shown与cooperation and sharing”回文定位到第四段第三句：“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing”（马尔蒂和其他人已经表明，内疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。）对比四个选项，只有B项can result form either sympathy or guilt（要么归因于同情，要么归因于内疚）与原文表述一致，故为正确选项。[A]may help correct emotional deficiencies（可能有助于改正情感缺陷）与第四段第二句话...that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency（内疚可能会弥补情感缺陷）不符。[C]can bring about emotional satisfaction（能够带来情感上的满足）并未提及。[D]may be the outcome of impulsive acts （可能是冲动行为的结果）与第四段第三句...which can rein in their nastier impulses（这可以控制他们更糟糕的冲动）因果倒置，故排除。

25【答案】D wrongdoings

【解析】根据题干要求定位到第五段第二句话“Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations,she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions”且位于主句的“transgressions”的前面出现to feel negative emotions，情感

属于消极贬义。对比四个选项，D项wrongdoings坏事，不道德的行为，属于贬义词，与其情感色彩一致，故为正确选项。A项teachings教导，属于褒义词。B项discussions讨论，属于中性词。C项restrictions限制；约束，属于中性词，故排除。

Text2

26【答案】D forests may become a potential threat

【解析】根据题干信息词定位到首段。第一句引出文章话题“在人类对抗气候变化中，森林给我们到来了一个更为艰巨的挑战。”第二句指出人类正在威胁到森林吸收二氧化碳的能力。第三句“The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb”为本段的主题句，指出我们人类所造成的气候变化问题最终会使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳，而不是吸收。即森林可能会威胁气候的恶化和人类的存在。故选择D项“森林可能会变为一个潜在威胁”。

27【答案】D Lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity

【解析】根据题干要求定位到第二段。该段首句中的前半句there is a way out of this trap对应题干中To maintain forests as valuable“carbon sinks”，后半句提出具体的解决方法it involves striking a subtle balance（这需要达到一个微妙的平衡），但并没有说这个平衡是不同植被间的平衡，故不能据此选[C]strike a balance among different plants。紧接着第二句提到要达到这一目的可能需要reducing their (forests’)capacity to absorb carbon now（降低他们（森林）现在吸收碳的能力），由此可知正确答案应为D选项。

28【答案】C find more effective ways to kill insects

【解析】细节题做题的技巧是“准确定位和匹配”。根据题干关键词“Forest Carbon Plan”定位至第三段第一句话。题干中问题是“endeavor to”表示“努力做...”对应文章中“double efforts to”，因此答案在这个短语之后即“thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest”表示的意思是使“森林里部分小树变稀疏，清理部分灌木”，这与选项C中的“find more effective ways to kill insects”即“降低森林的密度”一致。因此正确答案选C。

29【答案】A To handle the areas in serious danger first

【解析】根据题目定位到第5段，题目What is essential to California’s plan中的essential可回文定位，对应原问中的so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought的vital，其后的prioritize对应选项中的handle...first,areas at greatest risk对应选项中的the areas in serious danger，故正确选项为A。

30【答案】C supportive

【解析】根据题干关键词“attitude”，可确定是态度题。做态度题的核心是把握明显感情色彩的关键词，即可快熟得出答案。而在文章的最后一段，往往会出现本文的结论，容易出现感情色彩的关键词。根据最后一段最后一句，Califormia’s plan,which is...should serve as a model.（Califormia计划应该能够起到榜样作用），model是一个积极色彩的词汇，所以答案选C supportive支持的。

Text3

31【答案】C Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.

【解析】根据题干提示词first two paragraphs可知本题依据文章前两段命制，为双段推理型题目。快速扫读可知前两段大意为：美国针对外来农民所定移民规则中存在一些问题，并指出如不及时解决美国商业，社会以及消费者会受到影响。比对选项可直接判断正确选项为C项，其余选项均属无中生有，直接排除。

32【答案】D the aging of immigrant farm workers

【解析】细节推理题。根据题干中的trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce以及段落序定位到文中第三段第二句。定位段第三至七句都在论证第二句的内容，其中第三句论证的是劳动力的来源及其倾向，第四至七句论证的是劳动力在变老并指出picking crops is hard on older bodies.与选项D吻合。选项A中的rising及illegal属于无中生有，选项B中的high mobility与定位段中的farm labors are more likely to be settled rather than immigrating矛盾，选项C属无中生有。

33【答案】B To get native U.S.workers back to farming

【解析】细节题。根据题干中的much-argued solution to the labor shortage定位到第三段最后一句，其中oft-debated对应原文的much-argued，solution对应原文的cure，剩余信息出答案，冒号解释了这个经常被谈论的方法：美国本国工人不会重返农场。说明本身的解决方法是让美国本国工人回到农

场，与选项B一致。A选项attract younger laborers在文章未体现，文章只是提到现在的farm laborer 在老龄化。C选项出现在文章的第四段，文章只是说在high-value crops上需要劳动力。在乳牛场机器人只做了一小部分工作。选项将两部分杂糅在一起了。D选项中financial support在文中未提及，属于无中生有。

34【答案】A slow granting procedures

【解析】因果细节题。根据题干中的具体信息，agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa。回文定位到第六段。根据具体信息定位到第六段的，Employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need.这句话是抱怨的内容，文中问的是原因，紧接着下面一句话，the process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.并且在这句话后面one survey是例子。根据例子证明论点，下

面的例子和前面的the process这句话表达的观点是一致的。同时，在例子中有for的同义词lead to，导致了arrive on the job22days late.Delay,late对应选项中的slow,procedure对应process。所以选A。B中的limit，原文后面跟着是人数66,000，偷换概念。C中的request出现在例子中，说的是visa rose sharply。D项文中未提及，无中生有。

35【答案】B Import Food or Labor?

【解析】主旨题。文章第一段明确指出美国农民面临劳动力短缺的问题，而这一问题的根源在于针对农场工人的移民制度。二段和三段分析了移民签证和移民现状的冲突。第四段指出机械化并不能解决该问题。第五和六段分析了现状农场工人所依赖的H-2A签证政策也没能有助于解决劳动力短缺。第七段通过研究调查再次确定了劳动力短缺的问题。最后一段总结指出解决方案，美国要么进口食品，要么进口农场劳动力。Labor为本文中复现的主题词。故正确答案为B选项。A选项中的decline 夸大概念。C选项中的saved无中生有，D选项中的Automation断章取义，且与原文表述相反。

Text4

36【答案】B urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

【解析】从题干“Some celebrities star in a new video to”定位到第一段第三句：“They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for...to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastic crisis”意为：“鼓励消费者减少单一使用塑料制品，与塑料制品危机抗争”，与C选项“urge consumers to cut the use of plastics”“鼓励消费者减少塑料袋的使用”含义相符合。

37【答案】B prevent us from making further efforts

【解析】根据题干The author is concerned that“moral licensing”定位到第三段最后一句：“They could even...to have“done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions—a kind of“moral licensing”that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.”意为：“.....他们没有采取更大，更明显，更有效的举措...”与B选项“prevent us from making further efforts”“妨碍我们进一步的举措”含义相符。

38【答案】D We should press our government to lead the combat

【解析】根据题干...“citizens,”,the author indicates that，定位到第四段最后半句rather than as

“citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.意为：“而不是

作为citizens去要求政府和工业去推行真正的系统化的改变”。言外之意，就是作者希望政府做出改变去应对现在的情形。与D选项中“We should press our government to lead the combat”“我们应该项政府试压，使之主导这次抗争”相符合。

39【答案】D a top down process

【解析】根据题干可知这是一道观点细节题。根据题干关键词可定位在第五段“Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural”由该段可知，DeSombre认为集体性的改变大多数人行为的最好的方式就是使其变成结构性的。六段进一步从人们和政府的角度，阐述了这种结构化的改变，所以选项D a top down process，自上而下的过程，符合文意。

40【答案】C are far from sufficient

【解析】根据题干可知这是一道观点细节题。根据题干关键词可定位在最后一段，“None of this is about writing off the individual.It’s just about putting things into perspective.We don’t have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action(and rein in polluting businesses),alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

”由该段可知，作者认为并不是要抹杀个人，只是换一个角度去思考问题，我们没时间再等待，我们需要能够形成集体行为的进步政策，以及推动变革的热心公民。所以作者强调个人的努力还远远不够，还需要政策的进一步支持，选择C选项are far from sufficient。

Part B

本篇文章的主题是家长在购置房产时是否该考虑孩子的意见，然后给出了各方对此问题的意见。题目要求为准确各方意见进行选择概括。

41【答案】A.remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.

【解析】题干考察Ryan Hooper的观点，回文定位Ryan Hooper这个人说的话，一共两句，很多同学容易根据第一句话（第四段）误选D选项。仔细观察D选项，原文第四段说的是应该给孩子a sense of control and ownership,D选项说的是a sense of involvement，属于偷换概念，因此排除；再看Ryan Hooper说的第二句话（第五段），根据第二句话，得出A选项是Ryan Hooper观点的等价代

换，其中significant moves对应原文中的significant moves,pose challenges to children就等于原文中的children may face serious difficulties.故此题选A。

42【答案】D.thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.

【解析】题干考察Ryan Hooper的观点，回文定位Ryan Hooper这个人说的话在第七段、第八段。其实这两句话意思几乎一致，为同义复现，第七段中的should feel like they are choosing their home等同于第八段中的...will make them feel like they are being included in the decision-making process，D选项中的involvement对应原文中的being included,in homebuying decisions对应原文的in the decision-making process.故此题选择D。

43【答案】C.advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions.

【解析】根据人名“Tracy Hampson”定位至第十段，“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”这句话中的wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions是should not be based only on children’s opinions的同义改写。

44【答案】G.assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.

【解析】定位Aaron Norris，在原文第十一段，往前看他的观点The other issue is that...on HGTV shows句意为很多孩子对房地产的知识基于HGTV的节目，再看下一段（也是Aaron Norris的观点），HGTV has...changed how people view real estate...首先HGTV shows为G选项中media的同义替换，其次view real estate三词均可在选项和原文中找到对应，最后选项中influenced对应文中的changed，所以正确答案为G。

45【答案】F.believes that homebuying decisions should be based on...

【解析】本题问的是Julie Gurner的观点。定位至文章倒数第二、三段。倒数三段中说到parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires…在此提出了父母要向孩子说明needs需求以及desires欲望这两方面，而紧接着倒数二段中直接又提到their opinions can change tomorrow…能够确定JG这人对于opinions持否定态度正好对应到F选项中的rather than their opinions。因此确定F选项为正确答案。

SectionⅢTranslation

46【全文翻译】

我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。他有着一种令人愉快的、可读的风格，有人认为这种风格任何人都可以模仿得来。很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没时间。”说起来容易，做起来难。然而与大家通常所想的不同，正如吉米·哈利所言，他在早年觉得“尝试写作游戏”并非易事。显然，即便他极具写作天赋，哈利呈现给这个世界的作品也是经过多年的练习、重写、阅读并且经过润色之后才得以形成的。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，吉米·哈利不得不经受多次的失望与拒绝，但是这一切更坚定了他获取成功的决心。他生命中所取得的一切，都是依靠自己艰苦的努力所获得的。他在文学领域的成功也不例外。

SectionⅣWriting

47【参考范文】

Dear Professor Smith,

I am exceedingly honored to hear the news that you ask me to plan the debate on the theme of city traffic.Here,I am writing this letter for the purpose of suggesting a specific topic and telling you about my arrangements.

In order to have students have an in-depth understanding of the causes of city traffic,I suggest that the topic could be“Lack of management”VS“Lack of facilities”,which can not only provide us with abundant knowledge about why the traffic problem is prevalent,but also equip us with the ability of thinking independently and critically.In addition,the debate could be hold from nine o’clock to twelve o’clock on next Friday in the Lecture Hall of our library.

If you have any other ideas about this debate and its arrangement,please contact me in your convenience.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming 48【参考范文】

The bar chart given above reflects the changes of choices of graduates of a university in2013and2018. To be specific,the percentage for graduates seeking jobs decreases sharply from68.1%.On the contrary,the proportion for graduates pursuing further study rises sharply prom26.3%to34.0%and individuals creating their own business jumps from1.3%to2.6%.

It is of no difficult for us to come up with some possible factors to account for the trends.To begin with, college students nowadays are facing fiercer competition in seeking and maintaining a job,so that some of them have to continue their learning or create their own business.More significantly,with the economy booming and society advancing,the rapid growth of personal wealth has also laid a solid basis for them to afford a higher degree and achieve their self-realization.More than anything,the department concerned at all levels in our country have released quite a few initiatives that privilege graduates to set up business. Therefore,more students continue their study and start a business.

Taking into account what has been argued,we can come to the conclusion that the established trends are favorable and therefore acceptable.And it is certain that they will continue in years to come.

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