英语缺词填空解题技巧与训练策略

中考英语缺词填空解题技巧与训练策略

中考英语缺词填空解题技巧与训练策略

完形填空题实际上是恢复原貌式的阅读理解题，各种短文结构严谨，段落清楚，而且首句一般不挖空，便于学生依据首句提示进行整体理解。解答完形填空题要求学生具备快速阅读的各种能力和技巧，如视读、跳读、查读、猜词等

侧重基础知识，考查语言知识的掌握能力

完形填空题以文入手，结合文章内容考查基础语言知识，主要是考查学生词语搭配，近义词辩异，正确辨析句子结构，掌握语法规则的能力。

【例1】

His friend ______ the engine(发动机) and the plane began to move.

A. began

B. carried

C. moved

D. started

此题主要考查学生辨析四个动词的用法。从句子分析可看出B、C明显不对，他的朋友不可能“搬运、移动”发动机。此题实际上是考查学生辨析began和started的用法，这两个动词作“开始”解是同义词，但只有start可表示“发动、开动”的意思。D是正确答案。

【例2】

He and saw a noisy square (广场) not far from here.

A. looked for

B. looked after

C. looked at

D. looked around

此题主要辨析由look构成的四个短语，A、B、C三个选项中looked后的词均为介词，而介词后无宾语，所以是错的。around是副词，所以D为正确答案。

【例3】

Mr Green ______ his children that Father Christmas is a very kind–hearted man.

A. asks

B. talks

C. tells

D. says

辨析四个意义相似的动词。Ask意为“问”，其后的宾语从句应该有whether或if。talks是不及物动词。say后跟某事，不跟表示“人”的宾语。tell的句式是否tell somebody something，所以C是正确答案。

【例4】

John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they _____ neat at five.

A. should

B. shall

C. would

D. will

此题考查情态动词以及时态。分析此句中可看出，要用过去时，所以B、D可排除。Make sure后是宾语从句，宾语从句的动作meet没发生，要用过去将来时，所以要选C。

上下对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力

完形填空题设计时，有时单看一句是得不出正确答案的，需要阅读下句、甚至若干句后才有“茅赛顿开”之感。上下对照，即在上文或下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。学生在答题中要有边读边在大脑中储存上下信息的能力，捕捉关键词。

【例1】

First they wash their ______ hands in a bowl of water—they only eat with right hands.

A. dirty

B. right

C. left

D. big

此题四个形容词填入空格语法都正确，但阅读下句可发现right一词与选项B一词相对照，根据句意应该选B。

【例2】

I really do make a living by _____ ,and a good one ,too. I can laugh like a king or like a school bay.

A. laughing

B. writing

C. speaking

D. working

此题下文第二句中的laugh与正确答案A相对应，而且laugh是该篇完形填空的关键词，所以A为正确答案。

【例3】

Mr Baker loved planting _____ . The week before last, he bought a few trees home..

A. flowers

B. grass

C. vegetables

D. trees

此题下文说明了Mr Baker买了几棵树回家；上下对照，可看出是“种树”，trees和trees上下对应，所以D是正确答案。在解题中，往往断章取义，总想急于求成，就句论句，就题论题，“一步到位”。学生未通读全文就边读边填，无法形成连贯的思路，“见木不见林，达不到上下对照，导致出错。实际上学生在解题中应满怀信心，全神贯注，集中目光，越过空格，注重把握文章的整体内容，注意关键词。开始阅读可能会有模糊的感觉，类此“钻出洞”之感，但越往下读，文意会逐渐显露，读完全文心里住往会有“豁然开朗”的感觉

设置语境，考查分析推理能力

完形填空题中，有时答题无上下对照的关键词作参考，而是考查分析前后语境去推理出正确答案。在这种试题中，四个选项填入句中语法、句子结构都正确，但分析前后语境，只有一个正确答案。

【例1】

So one day when a friend came to his house andofferedto take him for a ride in his own small plane, Mr. Lee was very ______.

A. excited

B. grateful

C. worried

D. glad

从此句看，无法作出正确的选择，四个形容词都可表示Mr. Lee的心情。但阅读下文逐步可看到”I am really afraid that there might be some danger.”这一句，这说明Mr. Lee害怕坐飞机，C为正确答案。

【例2】

It s a beautiful place. I was always very _____ there.

A. busy B .interested C. healthy D. happy

此题四个选项都是形容词，都可作主语“I”的表语。如要选择正确答案，要分析语境。此句前面提供了一个语境，即“这是一个美丽的地方”，言外之意是旅游的好去处，所以去那儿会开心的，因此要选happy。

【例3】

The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf _____ the children. They were a nice, happy family!

A. shouted at

B. looked into

C. laughed at

D. played with

此题四个选项是四个动词短语，四个选项放入句中语法都正确，但前后语境分析只有D正确。前后分析，可看出wolf家庭是幸福的大家庭，年轻的wolf应常常带children玩耍，而不应该对孩子“大喊大叫”、“询问调查”和“嘲笑挖苦”。因此要选D。

结合生活，考查学生利用常识解题的能力

完形填空题中，有时命题者在完形填空题中考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否能善于观

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