Argument终极模板句型

GRE终极模板句型

Argument常用结构模板：

1. 开头：

In this argument the author concludes/claims that__. The conclusion is based on (the result of a survey)___. In addition, the arguer asserts that___. However, the statement alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of its conclusion and fails to provide compelling support making this argument sound.

The speaker asserts(claims/concludes/recommends) that_____. To justify the argument, the arguer points out/cites a result of a survey that_____. At the first glance, this opinion seems to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection tells me that I cannot agree with it for the following reasons(After a careful examination, we can find the conclusion drawn in the argument is ungrounded at all).

2. 正文：

First, it goes without saying that______.

The second problem with this claim is that______.

The last thing I want to take a glance at this argument is that__________.

or:

First, the argument questionably assumes that _____

Second, the argument never addresses ______

Finally, the argument omits/fails to consider_______

or:

First of all, the arguer commits a fallacy that of_____

In addition, the validity of the survey is open to doubt

Finally, the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that_____

3. 结尾：

In conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen the conclusion that___, this author must provide a thorough cost-benefit analysis of available alternatives and rule out factors other than___ that might be affecting current profits negatively.

In sum, this argument is not convincing as it stands. To make it logically acceptable, the author would have to show that___. Additionally, the author must provide evidence of____. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.

Thus, the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of conclusion should ____. Ultimately, the argument might have been strengthened by _____

The conclusion reached in this argument lacks credibility in that the argument is based on an unwarranted assumption that _____. To strengthen this argument the arguer

should provide more evidence to illustrate that_____. Then, the argument will be more credible/convincing.

The argument relies on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions, which render it unconvincing as it stands.

辩驳时用一般现在时,复述原文时应与原文时态一致。

逻辑错误与经典句型：

1）无理假设

·It is unreasonable/ unwarranted to assume that…

·The arguer takes for granted and without justification that…

·The argument depends on a questionable assumption that…

2）证据缺失或不足

·It does not take into account that possibility that…

·The arguer fails to rule out the possibility that…

·The arguer fails to provide any sufficient evidence to support the assumption that…·The arguer ignores/neglects other relevant factors concerni ng…

3）数据错误

·The statistical evidence of the survey upon which the argument relies is too vague to be informative.

·Lacking more specific information about base amount, it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’s results or to make an informed recommendation.

·From the survey quoted in the argument, however, we find no sign of such procedure for random sampling, and have good reasons to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general ____ as a whole.

·The statistical result of the survey lacks credibility and therefore does not lend strong support to the arguer’s assumption.

4）因果无关

·Only relying on photographs does not guarantee that they are left-handed.

·Using left hand in writing does not mean that one is left-handed

·The fact that________does not justify the assertion that_______

·The arguer relies on incorrect/irrelevant data.

·The fact that___ does not necessarily ensure/imply that____.

5）急于概括

·The argument assumes that what is true of group of people taken collectively is also true of any individual within that group.

·The arguer assumes that what is true of a group as a whole is necessarily true of each member of that group.

·The arguer attempts to extract a general principle from a specific case.

·___ draws a hasty conclusion, based on inadequate evidence about____

·The argument uses a few exceptional cases as the basis for a claim about what is true in general.

·The argument attributes a characteristic of an individual member of a group to the group as a whole.

6）模糊概念

·It does not mean that it is relatively lower by a national standard.

·What if the price in the year before last year was excessively high, then even if it declined sharply last year, it was still possibly much higher than other places. ·There is no hard evidence to prove that the reform will reduce costs given that the readings are not available.

·A few complaints about low water pressure has already proved that the consequence of the reform might be grave.

·The survey concerning the situation of the first floor to the fifth floor does not cover that of the floors above the fifth while low water pressure might be an acute problem. ·Any further linkage of these two phenomena requires more evidence and is not justified by the data so far available.

·Comprehensive analysis is necessary to identify the actual cause of_____

·The argument simply equates A with B, which is unwarranted.

7）错误类比

·If the ocean is destined to breach the dike, then let all its bitter waters pour into my soul.

·The argument fails to take into account possible differences between A and B that are relevant to______.

·However, the problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify the analogical deduction.

8）非此即彼

·The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing an either-or choice/fallacy between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive.

论证方式：

·例证法: for instance, for example

·假设法: suppose, is it because

·推测法: it is likely that…

全文模板：

In this argument, the arguer concludes that___. To support this conclusion, the arguer points out that___. In addition, he reasons that___. Furthermore, he also indicates that___. But in my point of view, this argument suffers from ___ critical flaws.

First problem with the argument is that___.

Another problem with the argument is that___.

Finally, the argument ignores other factors, such as___.

Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively, his ideas should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if______.

时间安排：

1、快速审题（2min）

2、开头段（5min）

3、正文提纲（3min）-保证每段的中心句

4、正文（14min）

5、结尾段（3min）

6、检查（3min）

必用经典词

必然类：necessarily, ensure, guarantee, warrant, causal

明显类：conspicuously, obviously, clearly, apparently

怀疑类：doubtable, unconvincing, unacceptable, unwarranted, unfounded, groundless

可能类：possible, probably, likely, there is a good chance that, it is more likely that, it is equally possible that

因果类：result in, result from, therefore, as a result

转折类：even though, however, otherwise

其他类：as we all know, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that, the fact tells very little about, another assumption short of legitimacy is that

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