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中国海洋大学 英语期末考试

中国海洋大学   英语期末考试
中国海洋大学   英语期末考试

英语翻译:

Unit1A

海洋作为我们这个世界必不可少的部分,缓冲气候变化带来的危害,为我们提供食品和很多现代药物。但是海洋与人类之间的这种联系却一直没有引起人们足够的重视。直到近来,由海洋保护生物学家D带领的团队,从多学科角度,探索人类大脑与海洋之间的联系,提出一个新的研究方向--神经保护。这一研究引起了海洋科学方面的一场革命。

著名海洋学家W博士,把深层水流动现象称为“海洋循环带”。这种说法太过简单的描述了一个复杂的过程。杜克大学的S博士综合考虑各种证据后,推翻了我们对于海洋颠覆的观点。无论这场革命结果如何,有一点是毋庸置疑的,海洋紧密的将地球联系在一起。我们要摒弃传统的看法,从一种新的视角来保护海洋。

The ocean, as an indispensable part of our world, buffers our weather, and provides us with food and many of modern medicines. However, we just ignored (didn’t give enough attention to) the connecti vity between the ocean and human sphere. Only until recently, have the team led by marine conservation biologist Dr. Wallace J. Nichols started to explore the connection between human minds and the ocean from multidisciplinary perspectives. They put forward a new research field—neuroconservation, which led to a revolution in marine science.

Dr. Wally Broecker, a famous oceanographer, called the phenomenon of deep water circulation “Ocean Conveyor Belt”. This statement is an oversimplification of a complex process. Dr. Susan Lozier from Duke University overwhelmed the idea about ocean overturning after considering/weighing different pieces of evidence. Whatever the outcome would be, there is no doubt that the ocean holds our planet tightly. We have to abandon the old notion and try to protect the ocean from a new perspective.

2A

The ocean is the cradle of life. Therefore, the study of marine ecology is not only conducive to the survival of the conservation of biological environment, and is directly related to the development and utilization of marine living resources. Ocean researchers find that marine microbes play an

important role in maintaining the oxygen and carbon dioxide balance in the Earth's atmosphere; sunscreens made of algae can be used in skin care industry; a natural mechanism for iron fertilization is helpful to solve iron deficiency; mass catching of fish for obtaining oil poses risks for extinction of the overfished species; untreated wastewater or sewage which flow into the sea transmits human pathogen to marine corals. These are path-breaking findings in marine science. Researchers are going on various marine biology issues such as oil spills in marine water, ability of some marine species to change their sex and synthesis of renewable energy source. If it is feasible to obtain biofuel from seaweed in the future, it will be a priceless contribution for solving energy crisis of human beings.

Unit2B

叶绿素是一类与光合作用有关的最重要的色素。它实际上存在于所有能营造光合作用的生物体中,1899年,一位意大利科学家发明了一种简单但是比较精确地测量叶绿素水平的方法,从20世纪50年代起,科学家们已经通过收集和分析海水样本测量叶绿素色素的浓度,对叶绿素进行量化。70年代,我们已经使用卫星测量海水颜色的浓度,做同样的事情,并且扩大了测量的空间覆盖范围。到了现代,科学家们已经可以通过实验室对同一水柱水质的分析,确定海水深度与叶绿素数量的具体定量关系。由此可见,我们已经拥有了100多年的叶绿素数据,这是一个不小的壮举。

Chlorophyll is the most important pigment related to photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is actually present in all photosynthetic organisms. In 1899, an Italian scientist developed a simple but accurate method of determining chlorophyll levels. Since 1950s, scientists have quantified chlorophyll by collecting and analyzing water samples to measure concentrations of chlorophyll pigment. Starting in the 1970s, we have also used satellite measurements of the intensity of the ocean's green color to do the same with much greater spatial coverage. Scientists in the modern era have determined the specific quantitative relationship between the depth and the amount of chlorophyll with laboratory analysis of water from the same column. Thus it can be seen that we have more than 100 years of chlorophyll data in the ocean, which is no small feat.

Unit3A

海洋状况堪忧,证据不胜枚举。海水变酸,使得很多海洋生物生存困难。某些物种的稀缺会破坏食物链,从而导致整个生态系统失衡。作为海洋雨林的珊瑚礁,由于受到过度采集、水温过高、海洋酸化等因素的影响,大部分已受到严重损害。全球变暖使海洋升温,冰川融化,导致海平面上升,使沿海地区居民处于危险的境地。人类施加给生态系统太多压力,这些压力可能会永久的改变海洋。对于人类而言,每一种改变都是巨大的灾难。坐视不管或把这些当成是小麻烦都不是明智之举。相反,该是我们采取必要措施扭转这一局面的时候了,在某些情况下,应该废除渔业补贴,可转让捕捞配额。在为时已晚之前,我们必须制定出有效的策略。

The sea is suffering. The evidence abounds. It becomes acid, making marine life difficult. The dearth of some species will disrupt the food chain, which will in turn destabilize the entire ecosystem. The coral reefs, as the rainforests of the sea, are affected by overfishing, overheating, ocean acidification, etc. Most of them are therefore gravely endangered. Global warming causes oceans to warm up and glaciers to melt, which will raise the sea level and endanger the inhabitants of coastal areas. Humans inflict too many stresses on marine ecosystem, which may permanently change the ocean. For humans, each of these changes is a catastrophe. It is not wise for us to sit back or take it for minor distractions. Conversely, it is high time we did something to put matters right. Fishing subsidies should be abolished and fishing quotas be made transferable in some cases. We must develop effective strategies before it may be too late.

Unit4A

一些科学家认为有必要采用更为激进的方法,即改造地球的方法,来处理气候问题。这是个有趣的想法。通过对大气层或海洋进行大规模的改造来改变气候,这样的风险将会很高,过程也超乎寻常的复杂。其中有一种方案是增加大气中的污染物,这一有悖常理的论调在过去曾被广泛吹捧,其缺点是它会产生无法预知的连锁反应。但是另外一个途径,即让全球的人口放弃化石燃料,被证明是极其困

难的,即使地球工程的倡导者们也认为,地球工程是不能轻易实施的,但我们也不能完全忽略它的价值。面对全球变暖的威胁,所有的方案都值得探讨。地球工程,正如人们所知,可能会为向低碳经济顺利过渡赢得一些时间。

Some scientists think climate change needs a more radical approach, i.e.fiddling with the earth. It is an intriguing idea. Tinkering with the atmosphere or the oceans on a large scale would be highly risky and extraordinarily complex. One of the ideas, which has been widely touted in the past, is, perversely, to increase pollution in the atmosphere. The disadvantage is the unknown knock-on effects. But the alternative, getting the world’s population to give up fossil fuels, is proving ex ceedingly hard. Even its advocates think geo-engineering is not to be approached lightly. Nor, though, is it something to be ignored completely. Global warming is such a threat that all the options deserve to be explored. Geo-engineering, as it has come to be known, may be a way of buying time for the transition to a low-carbon economy to take place in an orderly manner.

Unit5A

海水中富含微生物。有些产生剧毒,有些通过聚集到一起产生危害,这些对人类造成危害的海藻就叫做有害海藻。它不仅对人类的健康产生影响(如一些已知,甚至未知的疾病),还对野生动物危害巨大。事实上,50%的海洋动物的非正常死亡和有害藻类有关。有害藻类对生态系统的影响是另外一个社会焦点。这种影响有时是自上而下的,比如,对食肉动物和食草动物的影响;有时是自下而上的,比如对浮游生物的影响。尽管人们采取了一些预防措施,有害藻类对社会经济的影响依然巨大。政府每年花费巨额资金来处理有害藻类所带来的问题。政府花在公共健康上的钱最多,其次花在了商业捕鱼和旅游业方面。

Marine waters teem with microscopic life. Some of them create potent toxins and some of them do harm by accumulating. The algae causing harm is called Harmful Algal Blooms. It not only has impact on health of human beings (such as some known and even unknown diseases), but on wild life as well. In fact, more than 50% of the unusual marine mortality events are now associated with HABs. It is another societal concern that HABs have profound influence on ecosystem. Sometimes, the impact works from bottom up (such as affecting predators and grazing), and sometimes from bottom-up (such as affecting plankton). In spite of the precautions, the socioeconomic impact is substantial. Many millions of dollars are spent annually addressing the

HAB-related problems. The money on public health accounts for the largest part, followed by commercial fisheries and tourism.

Unit6A

潮汐能不仅是绿色能源,而且潜力巨大。但英国政府同丹麦和瑞典相比,对他们的利用却一直不尽如人意。但是事情目前有了转机。英国政府的一项潮汐利用计划可能会极大地提高它的利用率。这项计划将在世界第二大潮差的塞文河上建立三个大坝和两个潮湖。这项计划的优势在于潮汐能不同于风能、海浪能,它是可预期的。并且,该项目规模巨大,可以满足英国每年5%发电量。但是环保主义者反对,因为大坝将会扰乱塞文河附近的鸟类和鱼类的生活。同时也有人认为纳税人将为高额的建设成本买单,该项目成本远高于风能项目。该项目到底该何去何从呢?政府考虑到它能创造更多的就业机会,很可能会通过。到那时这将是一个潮汐能利用的里程碑。

Tidal power is not only one of green energy, but also its potential is vast. But compared to Denmark and Sw eden, the British government’s exploitation is not satisfying. But now things seem to be changing. The project of the British government could provide an enormous boost. It will build three barrages and two tidal lagoons on the river Severn which has the second highest tidal range in the world. Unlike wind or wave power and alike, tidal power is predictable. Additionally, the project is so large that it can supply around 5% of Britain’s electricity every year. But environmentalists are opposed to it on the grounds that the barrages may interfere with the birds and fish stock near the river Severn. Meanwhile, the project will require too much taxpayer’s money and it operates at a higher cost compared with wind power. Where will the project go? The government may well approve it considering creating more job opportunities. And at that time, it will be a long-lasting monument for tidal power.

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