男生英语游戏名带翻译【三篇】

男生英语游戏名带翻译【三篇】【篇一】

King゜心跳

Tender>>>温柔。

旧人|▍mistkes

Dissolute.放|荡。

茶蘼Daissmention≡

HONGTASHAN经典△

Always、纠结

温柔Tenderness、

厌世Cruel.

Lullaby（催眠）

Charming.妩|媚。

Summer.凉城

花刺Flowerthorn

StrAng3终陌、

失控▍Insane

你的专属性*Tools

Please、远离我

Loco装疯断念。

Fleetingtime。流年。Promise°魅眸

※destiny°尐苛

乱情°Guetse-Sunflower゛旧萤

Car3AbouT在乎、AIlianˊ单人行

魄悲〔Triste cherish、珍惜

蚀骨pain⌒Amonologue.独白。

独厮守ぢ.One、Life 冷淡丨desolate、

▍Forever°优雅

离人过客DrEaRy-

【篇二】

涅盘nirvana゜

▓゛silence┊骚

想念-gm/v4

Fickle（薄情）Moment°如此

适合朗诵的英文诗歌

A Forever Friend 永远的朋友 "A friend walk in when the rest of the world walks out." "别人都走开的时候，朋友仍与你在一起。” Sometimes in life, 有时候在生活中， You find a special friend; 你会找到一个特别的朋友; Someone who changes your life just by being part of it. 他只是你生活中的一部分内容，却能改变你整个的生活。 Someone who makes you laugh until you can't stop; 他会把你逗得开怀大笑； Someone who makes you believe that there really is good in the world. 他会让你相信人间有真情。 Someone who convinces you that there really is an unlocked door just

waiting for you to open it. 他会让你确信，真的有一扇不加锁的门，在等待着你去开启。 This is Forever Friendship. 这就是永远的友谊。 when you're down, 当你失意， and the world seems dark and empty, 当世界变得黯淡与空虚， Your forever friend lifts you up in spirits and makes that dark and empty world suddenly seem bright and full. 你真正的朋友会让你振作起来，原本黯淡、空虚的世界顿时变得明亮和充实。 Your forever friend gets you through the hard times,the sad times,and the confused times. 你真正的朋友会与你一同度过困难、伤心和烦恼的时刻。 If you turn and walk away, 你转身走开时， Your forever friend follows, 真正的朋友会紧紧相随，

(完整版)医学专业英语翻译及答案

Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、

英文版辞职信范文

英文版辞职信范文 英文版辞职信范文1 hi, dear all, as time goes by, finally the day for my leaving fcbga is coming, i will transfer to cpu ie group from ww49. now it’s really a hard time for me to say goodbye to you all. looking back to past 1 year, those happiness, sadness, great team work do impress me a lot, from you i have learned a lot and gained a lot, really appreciated ur help and support to me during that period we have worked together. here i’d like to extend my hearlt-felt thanks to you for giving me such a sweat memory that will be in my mind forever. anyway, we are still in the same company, if you need any help from me, just give me a call, i’ll always be there for you. ( 励志天下)

hope we could have chance to coopee years at the hero company. hero company is an invaluable place for enriching my knowledge about financial field, i enjoyed working with my colleagues and i have learned so much things here. because i would like to take a new challenge and i want to meet people from all walks of life, i have accepted an offer from an insurance firm as a personal financial consultant. i would therefore appreciate it if you would accept my resignation effective from 8 march, XX. i would be very much obliged if you would kindly give me a reference letter before i leave. thank you for all that you have done to make my work here both interesting and enjoyable. yours sincerely, alexander fung 辞职信模板英文版 辞职信英文版2篇

英语小笑话(带翻译)).

1 Boy: Is this seat empty? Girl: Yes and this one will be if you sit down. 男孩：这个座位是空的么？ 女孩：是的，如果你坐下，我的座位也将是空的。 2，Boy: Can I buy you a drink? Girl: Actually I'd rather have the money. 男孩：我可以给你买杯饮料吗？ 女孩：你不如直接把钱给我得了。 3. My little dog can't read Mrs. Brown: Oh, my dear, I have lost my precious little dog! Mrs. Smith: But you must put an advertisement in the papers! Mrs. Brown: It's no use, my little dog can't read. 我的狗不识字 布朗夫人：哦， 亲爱的，我把珍爱的小狗给丢了！ 史密斯夫人：可是你该在报纸上登广告啊！ 布朗夫人：没有用的，我的小狗不认识字。” 4. 反正我太太明天会来换的 My Wife Will Exchange Them A gentleman walks into a store and asked for a pair of gloves. ″Cloth or leather﹖″ asked the salesperson. ″Makes no difference″replied customer. ″What color﹖″ asked the clerk. ″Any″ he responded. ″Size﹖″ ″Give me whatever you prefer″ the gentleman said slightly exasper ated. ″My wife will be back tomorrow t o exchange them.″ 反正我太太明天会来换的 一位先生走进一家商店要买副手套。 “您是要布的还是皮的？”售货员问。

《自动化专业英语》中英文翻译-中文部分

第二部分 控制理论 第1章 1.1控制系统的引入 人类控制自然力量的设计促进人类历史的发展,我们已经广泛的能利用这种量进行在人类本身力量之外的物理进程?在充满活力的20世纪中,控制系统工程的发展已经使得很多梦想成为了现实?控制系统工程队我们取得的成就贡献巨大?回首过去,控制系统工程主要的贡献在机器人,航天驾驶系统包括成功的实现航天器的软着陆,航空飞机自动驾驶与自动控制,船舶与潜水艇控制系统,水翼船?气垫船?高速铁路自动控制系统,现代铁路控制系统? 以上这些类型的控制控制系统和日常生活联系紧密,控制系统是一系列相关的原件在系统运行的基础上相互关联的构成的,此外控制系统存在无人状态下的运行,如飞机自控驾驶,汽车的巡航控制系统?对于控制系统,特别是工业控制系统,我们通常面对的是一系列的器件,自动控制是一个复合型的学科?控制工程师的工作需要具有力学,电子学,机械电子,流体力学,结构学,无料的各方面的知识?计算机在控制策略的执行中具有广泛的应用,并且控制工程的需求带动了信息技术的与软件工程的发展? 通常控制系统的范畴包括开环控制系统与闭环控制系统,两种系统的区别在于是否在系统中加入了闭环反馈装置? 开环控制系统 开环控制系统控制硬件形式很简单,图2.1描述了一个单容液位控制系统, 图2.1单容液位控制系统 我们的控制目标是保持容器的液位h 在水流出流量V 1变化的情况下保持在一定 可接受的范围内,可以通过调节入口流量V 2实现?这个系统不是精确的系统,本系 统无法精确地检测输出流量V 2,输入流量V 1以及容器液位高度?图2.2描述了这 个系统存在的输入(期望的液位)与输出(实际液位)之间的简单关系, 图2.2液位控制系统框图 这种信号流之间的物理关系的描述称为框图?箭头用来描述输入进入系统,以及

用英语回复辞职信

英文辞职信范例 dear mr. please accept my resignation as associate chemist at the gert institute. i plan to leave my job here on september 30, 19–, taking a few days of annual leave just prior to that effective date. as you know, my primary interest has been in the oil and gas industry. therefore, i’ve accepted a position with fury refining, inc., that should put me back in touch with my “first love.” although i’m eager to accept the challenges in this new position, i regret leaving the institute. you and the organization as a whole have treated me very well over the past three years. i won’t forget the friendship and professional growth i’ ve experienced as an employee here. best wishes to all of you for years of expansion here. sincerely, 英文辞职信范例 :正版格式 memorandum to: from: date: subject: resignation please accept my resignation as associate chemist at xxx research, inc.; my last day will be august 15, 19–. this decision has been difficult due to the rewarding relationships developed during the past three years. please accept my thanks for your unquestionable support and leadership here at xxx inc.. sincerely, 英语辞职信（中英对照版） dear hr leadership: but i need to resign for personal reasons. in regularization with my salary after the nature of work and measure my ability to work, i feel the salary is not with my expectations. so, i decided to resign. i hope my applications can be approved before june 20, i wish you good health . applicant: jack date: june 22, 2010 尊敬的人力资源部领导： 我很遗憾自己在这个时候向公司正式提出辞职。 我来公司刚好三个月了，也很荣幸自己能够成为医院的一员。在医院工作的三个月中， 我学到了很多东西，公司的经营状况也处于良好的态势。非常感激公司给予了我在这样的良 好环境中，工作和学习的机会。 但是我因为个人原因需要辞职。在对转正后的薪资与我的工作性质和自己工作能力的衡 量后，我觉得与自己的预期不相符合，出于对医院制度的尊重及个人发展的考虑，我决定了 辞职。 我希望在2010年7月20日之前完成工作交接，请领导安排工作交接人选。在未离开岗

英文诗歌朗诵 6篇

Dreams 梦想----by Langston Hughes ----作者：兰司敦·修司Hold fast to dreams 把握梦想 For if dreams die 如果梦想消失 Life is a broken-winged bird 生命将是折翼之鸟 That cannot fly 无法飞行 Hold fast to dreams 把握梦想 For when dreams go 如果梦想逝去 Life is a barren field 生命将是一片荒原 Frozen with snow 大雪冰封 【Never give up】永不放弃 Never give up, Never lose hope. Always have faith, It allows you to cope. Trying times will pass, As they always do. Just have patience, Your dreams will come true. So put on a smile, You'll live through your pain. Know it will pass, And strength you will gain 永不放弃，永不心灰意冷。 永存信念，它会使你应付自如。 难捱的时光终将过去，一如既往。 只要有耐心，梦想就会成真。 露出微笑，你会走出痛苦。 相信苦难定会过去，你将重获力量。

【ALWAYS HAVE A DREAM 】总是有一个梦想 Forget about the days when it's been cloudy. But don't forget your hours in the sun. Forget about the times you have been defeated. But don't forget the victories you have won. Forget about the misfortunes you have encountered. But don't forget the times your luck has turned. Forget about the days when you have been lonely. But don't forget the friendly smiles you have seen. Forget about the plans that didn't seem to work out right. But don't forget to always have a dream. 忘掉你失意的日子，但不要忘记黄金的时光。 忘掉你的一次次失败，但不要忘记你夺取的胜利。 忘掉你遭遇的不幸，但不要忘记你的时来运转。 忘掉你的孤独日子，但不要忘记你得到的友善微笑。 忘掉你没有得以顺利实施的计划，但不要放弃你的梦想。 【TODAY IS A NEW DAY】今天是新的一天------ Donna Levine唐那·莱文陈采霞译Your tomorrows are as bright as you want to make them. There is no reason to carry the darkness of the past with you into today. Today is a wonderful new experience，full of every possibility to make your life exactly what you want it to be. Today is the beginning of new happiness, new directions and new relationships. Today is the day to remind yourself that you posses the power and strength you need to bring contentment, love and joy into your life.

短篇英语笑话10则带翻译

短篇英语笑话10则带翻译 ①Goldfish金鱼 Stan: I won 92 goldfish. Fred: Where are you going to keep them? Stan: In the bathroom 。 Fred: But what will you do when you want to take a bath? Stan: Blindfold（蒙眼睛）them! =================================================================== 斯丹：我赢了92 条金鱼。 弗雷德：你想在哪儿养它们？ 斯丹：浴室。 弗雷德：但是你想洗澡时怎么办？ 斯丹：蒙住它们的眼睛！ ②The Revenge 欺骗的代价 Old Farmer Johnson was dying. The family was standing around his bed. With a low voice he said to his wife: "When I'm dead I want you to marry farmer Jones." Wife: "No, I can't marry anyone after you." Johnson: "But I want you to." Wife: "But why?" Johnson: "Jones once cheated me in a horse deal!" =================================================================== 老农约翰逊就要死了。他的家人都站在床边。他声音低沉地对妻子说：“我死后，我想你嫁给农夫琼斯。” 妻子说：“不，在你死后，我不能嫁给任何人。” 约翰逊：“但我希望你这么做。” 妻子：“为什么？” 约翰逊：“因为琼斯曾在一笔贩马的交易中欺骗了我。” ③I think that I'm a chicken 我想我是一只鸡 Psychiatrist: What's your problem? Patient: I think I'm a chicken. Psychiatrist: How long has this been going on? Patient: Ever since I was an egg! =================================================================== 精神病医师：你哪里不舒服？ 病人：我认为我是一只鸡。 精神病医师：这种情况从什么时候开始的？ 病人：从我还是一只蛋的时候开始。 ④How do I get the gum out我怎么把口香糖取出来 Distributing chewing gum to the passengers, the stewardess explained it was to keep their ears from popping. When the plane landed, one of the passengers rushed up to her and said, "I'm meeting my wife right away. How do I get the gum out from my ears?" =================================================================== 当空中小姐给乘客们发口香糖的时候，她解释说口香糖有助于他们防止耳鸣。飞机着陆后，一位乘客跑到这位空中小姐面前，说道：“ 我马上就要见到我妻子了。我怎么才能把口香糖从耳朵里面取出来呢？”

测绘专业英语原文和部分翻译(1-39)

Table of Contents Uuit 1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学） (2) Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量） (6) Unit 3 Distance Measurement（距离测量） (10) Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement（角度和方向测量） (14) Unit 5 Traversing （导线测量） (17) Unit 6 Methods of Elevation Determination（高程测量方法） (21) Unit 7 Robotic Total Station （智能型全站仪） (25) Unit 8 Errors in Measurement（测量工作中的误差） (29) Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors (32) Unit 10 Accuracy and Precision （准确度和精度） (35) Unit 11 Least-Squares Adjustment (38) Unit 12 Geodesy Concepts (40) Unit 13 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoid (42) Unit 14 Datums, Coordinates and Conversions (44) Unit 15 Map Projection (46) Unit 16 Gravity Measurment (48) Unit 17 Optimal Design of Geomatics Network (50) Unit 18 Construction Layout （施工放样） (53) Unit 19 Deformation Monitoring of Engineering Struvture (56) Unit 20 Understan ding the GPS（认识GPS） (59) Uuit 21 Understanding the GPS (II) 认识GPS(II) (62) Unit 22 Competition in Space Orbit（太空轨道上的竞争） (64) Unit 23 GIS Basics（GIS 的基础） (69) Unit 24 Data Types and Models in GIS GIS中的数据类型和模型 (75) Unit 25 Digital Terrain Modeling（数字地面模型） (79) Unit 26 Applications of GIS (83) Unit 27 Developments of photogrammetry (87) Unit 28 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing （遥感的基础） (90) Unit 29 Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS (94) Unit 30 Airborne Laser Mapping Technology（机载激光测图技术） (99) Unit 31 Interferometric SAR(InSAR) (102) Unit 32 Brief Introduction toApplied Geophysics (104) Unit 33 Origon of Induced Polarization (105) Unit 34 International Geoscience Organization (108) Unit 35 Prestigious Journals in Geomatics (110) Unit 36 Relevant Surveying Instrument Companies (115) Unit 37 Expression of Simple Equations and Scientific Formulsa (116) Unit 38 Professional English Paper Writing (119) Unit 39 Translation Techniques for EST (127)

英文辞职信中英文对照

英语辞职信（中英对照版） dear hr leadership: but i need to resign for personal reasons. in regularization with my salary after the nature of work and measure my ability to work, i feel the salary is not with my expectations. so, i decided to resign. i hope my applications can be approved before june 20, i wish you good health . applicant: jack date: june 22, 2010 尊敬的人力资源部领导： 我很遗憾自己在这个时候向公司正式提出辞职。 我来公司刚好三个月了，也很荣幸自己能够成为医院的一员。在医院工作的三个月中， 我学到了很多东西，公司的经营状况也处于良好的态势。非常感激公司给予了我在这样的良 好环境中，工作和学习的机会。 但是我因为个人原因需要辞职。在对转正后的薪资与我的工作性质和自己工作能力的衡 量后，我觉得与自己的预期不相符合，出于对医院制度的尊重及个人发展的考虑，我决定了 辞职。 我希望在2010年7月20日之前完成工作交接，请领导安排工作交接人选。在未离开岗 位之前，我一定会站好最后一班岗，我所在岗位的工作请领导尽管分配，我一定会尽自己的 职，做好应该做的事。 望领导批准我的申请，并请协助办理相关离职手续。 祝您身体健康，事业顺心。并祝医院以后事业蓬勃发展。 申请人：杰克 日期： 2010年6月22日篇二：辞职信中英文对照范文 辞职信中英文对照范文 英文辞职信范例 (your address) 3rd november xx (the name of your boss) dear (the name of your boss), i regret to inform you that i decided to resign from my present position as (position) with effective from (next day of last date). thank you for your kind attention and would appreciate if you could let me have a reference letter before i leave. yours faithfully, ______________________ (your full name) 中文辞职信范例 亲爱的(上司名字)∶ 本人已决定辞去现时(职位名称)的职位，并由x月x日(最后一个工作天的第二天)起开 始正式生效。 在此，感谢(公司名称)给予本人学习的机会，并取得宝贵的工作经验。希望本人的离职 不会为你带来很大的不便。 本人希望在离职之前，能够取得离职通知书。 祝工作愉快！

经典英文诗歌朗诵

经典英文诗歌朗诵 'twasthenightbeforechristmas,whenallthroughthehousenotacreaturewasst irring,notevenamouse.thestockingswerehungbythechimneywithcare,inhop esthatsaintnicholassoonwouldbethere.thechildrenwerenestledallsnuginthe irbeds,whilevisionsofsugar- plumsdancedintheirheads.andmammainher'kerchief,andiinmycap,hadjusts ettledourbrainsforalongwinter'snap.whenoutonthelawntherearosesuchacl atter,isprangfromthebedtoseewhatwasthematter.awaytothewindowiflewli keaflash,toreopentheshuttersandthrewupthesash.themoononthebreastoft henew-fallensnowgavethelustreofmid- daytoobjectsbelow.when,whattomywonderingeyesshouldappear,butamini aturesleigh,andeighttinyreindeer.withalittleolddriver,solivelyandquick,ikne winamomentitmustbesaintnick.morerapidthaneagleshiscourserstheycame, andhewhistled,andshouted,andcalledthembyname!"nowdasher!now,danc er!now,prancerandvixen!on,comet!on,cupid!ondonnerandblitzen!tothetop oftheporch!tothetopofthewall!nowdashaway!dashaway!dashawayall!"asdr yleavesthatbeforethewildhurricanefly,whentheymeetwithanobstacle,mou nttothesky.souptothehouse- topthecourserstheyflew,withthesleighfulloftoys,andsaintnicholas,too.andt hen,inatwinkling,iheardontherooftheprancingandpawingofeachlittlehoof.a

英语笑话带翻译三分钟

英语笑话带翻译三分钟 笑话能反映出一个民族的价值系统及其对周围世界肯定和否定的态度。小编精心收集了三分钟英语笑话带翻译，供大家欣赏学习! 三分钟英语笑话带翻译篇1 Photo of my wife 我老婆的照片 A businessman enters a tavern, sits down at the bar, and orders a double martini on the rocks. After he finishes the drink, he peeks inside his shirt pocket, and then orders the bartender to prepare another double martini. After he finishes that, he again peeks inside his shirt pocket and orders the bartender to bring another double martini. The bartender says, Look, buddy, Ill bring ya martinis all night long - but you gotta tell me why you look inside your shirt pocket before you order a refill. The customer replies, Im peeking at a photo of my wife. When she starts to look good, I know its time to go home. 一个生意人走进一家酒馆，在吧台坐下，点了一杯加冰的双料martini。喝完，那生意人往自己衬衣的口袋里瞥了一眼，然后又让服务员把杯子满上。喝完，生意人又往自己衬衣的口袋里瞥了一眼，然后又让服务生帮他把杯子满上。这时酒馆的服务生说话了，呃，老兄，我整个晚上给你倒martini都没有问题，但你得告诉我，你为什么在点下一杯酒前都要往自己衬衣的口袋里偷偷看那么一眼。生意人

力学专业英语部分翻译 孟庆元

1、应力和应变 应力和应变的概念可以通过考虑一个棱柱形杆的拉伸这样一个简单的方式来说明。一个棱柱形的杆是一个遍及它的长度方向和直轴都是恒定的横截面。在这个实例中，假设在杆的两端施加有轴向力F，并且在杆上产生了均匀的伸长或者拉紧。 通过在杆上人工分割出一个垂直于其轴的截面mm，我们可以分离出杆的部分作为自由体【如图1(b)】。在左端施加有拉力P，在另一个端有一个代表杆上被移除部分作用在仍然保存的那部分的力。这些力是连续分布在横截面的，类似于静水压力在被淹没表面的连续分布。 力的集度，也就是单位面积上的力，叫做应力，通常是用希腊字母，来表示。假设应力在横截面上是均匀分布的【如图1(b)】，我们可以很容易的看出它的合力等于集度，乘以杆的横截面积A。而且，从图1所示的物体的平衡，我们可以看出它的合力与力P必须的大小相等，方向相反。因此，我们可以得出 等式(1)可以作为棱柱形杆上均匀应力的方程。这个等式表明应力的单位是，力除以面积。当杆被力P拉伸时，如图所示，产生的应力是拉应力，如果力在方向是相反，使杆被压缩，它们就叫做压应力。 使等式(1)成立的一个必要条件是，应力，必须是均匀分布在杆的横截面上。如果轴向力P作用在横截面的形心处，那么这个条件就实现了。当力P没有通过形心时，杆会发生弯曲，这就需要更复杂的分析。目前，我们假设所有的轴向力都是作用在横截面的形心处，除非有相反情况特别说明。同样，除非另有说明，一般也假设物体的质量是忽略的，如我们讨论图1的杆

一样。 轴向力使杆产生的全部伸长量，用希腊字母δ表示【如图1(a)】，单位长度的伸长量，或者应变，可以用等式来决定。 L是杆的总长。注意应变ε是一个无量纲的量。只要应变是在杆的长度方向均匀的，应变就可以从等式(2)中准确获得。如果杆处于拉伸状态，应变就是拉应变，代表材料的伸长或者延长如果杆处于受压状态，那么应变就是压应变，这也就意味着杆上临近的横截面是互相靠近的。 当材料的应力和应变显示的是线性关系时，也就是线弹性。这对多数固体材料来说是极其重要的性质，包括多数金属，塑料，木材，混凝土和陶瓷。处于拉伸状态下，杆的应力和应变间的线性关系可以用简单的等式来表示。E是比例常数，叫做材料的弹性模量。 注意E和应力有同样的单位。在英国科学家托马斯·杨(1773 ~ 1829)研究杆的弹性行为之后，弹性模量有时也叫做杨氏模量。对大多数材料来说，压缩状态下的弹性模量与处于拉伸时的弹性模量的一样的。 2、拉伸应力应变行为 一个特殊材料中应力和应变的关系是通过拉伸测试来决定的。材料的试样通常是圆棒的形式，被安置在测试机上，承受拉力。当载荷增加时，测量棒上的力和棒的伸长量。力除以横截面积可以得出棒的应力，伸长量除以伸长发生方向的长度可以得出应变。通过这种方式，材料的完整应力应变图就可以得到。 图1所示的是结构钢的应力应变图的典型形状，轴向应变显示在水平轴，对应的应力以纵坐标表示为曲线OABCDE。从O点到A点，应力和应变之间是