第二版_新视野大学英语4读写教程_词汇

第二版 新视野大学英语4读写教程 词汇

<1>chase vt. run after sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追逐；追赶


<2>cruelty n. [C, U] behavior that makes people or animals suffer 残酷；残忍



<3>pessimistic a. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will have a bad result 悲观的



<4>conquest n. 1. [U] the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort 征服；控制
2. [sing., U] the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force 征服；攻占



<5>bankrupt a. without enough money to pay what one owes 破产的



<6>motive n. [C] a reason for doing sth. 动机



<7>worship vt. admire and love sb. very much 崇拜；敬重；仰慕



<8>spur vt. encourage sb. or make them want to do sth. 鼓励；刺激



<9>lure n. [C] sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this 诱惑



<10>drown v. 1. have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal with 沉浸于
2. die from being under water for too long, or to kill sb. in this way （使）淹死



<11>imperial a. 1. great and magniicent 壮丽的；宏大的

2. relating to an empire or to the person who rules it 帝国的；皇帝的



<12>agent n. 1. [C] sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. ind work 经纪人
2. [C] a person or company that represents another person or company, esp. in business 代理人；代理商



<13>hasten vt. make sth. happen sooner or more quickly 加快；加速



<14>elevator n. [C] a machine that carries people or goods up and down in a building 电梯



<15>blur n. [C] sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly 模糊的记忆；模糊不清的事物



<16>idle a. not working or producing anything 不工作的；闲着的



<17>bore vt. make sb. lose interest and become tired and impatient 使厌烦

<18>bored a. tired and impatient 厌烦的



<19>continuity n. [U] the state of continuing for a period of time 连贯（性）；连续（性）



<20>sustain vt. make sth. continue to exist for a period of time 维持；使...持续



<21>minute a. very small 极小的



<22>discount vt. 1. regard sth. as unlikely to be true or important 忽视；低估
2. reduce the price of sth. 降低价格；打折

n. [C] a reduction in the usual price of sth. 折扣



<23>plot n. 1. [C] the story of a book, film, play,

etc. （小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节
2. [C] a secret plan 阴谋；密谋



<24>　moviemaker n. [C] sb. who makes ilms, esp. a director or producer 电影制作人



<25>distinct a. 1. clearly different or belonging to a different type 明显不同的；独特的
2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled, etc. 清晰的；清楚的；明显的



<26>spotlight n. [C] 聚光灯



<27>jungle n. [C, U] a thick tropical forest with many large plants growing very close together （热带）丛林



<28>fraud n. [C, U] the crime of deceiving sb. in order to get money or sth. illegally 欺诈；诈骗



<29>contaminate vt. make sth. dirty or poisonous 污染；弄脏



<30>underline vt. 1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在...下划线
2. emphasize; show that sth. is important 强调，使突出



<31>　uncompromising a. unwilling to change one's opinions or behavior 不妥协的；不让步的




<32>object vi. oppose or disapprove of sth. 反对；不赞成



<33>accuse vt. say that sb. is guilty of a crime or of doing sth. bad 指控；控告



<34>banquet n. [C] a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion 宴会



<35>sue vt. make a legal claim against sb., esp. for money 起诉；控告



<36>attorney n. [C] a lawyer 律师



<37>second vt. support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting 支持；附议



<38>fine vt. make sb. pay money as a punishment 罚...的款



<39>expel vt. force sb. to leave a school or organization 开除；驱逐



<40>justify vt. show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable 证明...有道理；为...辩护



<41>　single-minded a. having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it 一心一意的；专一的



<42>novelist n. [C] sb. who writes novels 小说家



<43>musician n. [C] sb. who performs or writes music, esp. as a job 音乐家；乐手



<44>desperate a. 1. needing or wanting sth. very much 极需要的；极向往的
2. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation 绝望的；拼命的



<45>　desperately ad. 1. very much 非常
2. in a worried or angry way 绝望地；拼命地



<46>alas ad. unfortunately 不幸的是；遗憾的是





Phrases and Expressions

<47>at best even when considered in the most positive way 充其量；至多



<48>run a

/the risk be in a situation in which sth. bad could happen 冒险；有...风险



<49>remain /be true to continue to be loyal to sb. or sth. 忠于



<50>object to oppose or disapprove of sth. 反对；不赞成



<51>accuse sb. of sth. say that sb. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth. 指控；控告



<52>throw out make sb. leave a place, school, organization, etc. because they have done sth. against the rules 开除；





<1>ankle n. [C] the part which connects the foot to the leg 踝；踝关节



<2>comic a. causing laughter; funny 喜剧的；滑稽的
n. [C] a comedian 喜剧演员



<3>rag n. 1. (usu. pl.) old torn clothes 破旧的衣服
2. [C, U] a torn piece of old cloth 破布；碎布



<4>applause n. [U] the sound made by people applauding a performance, speech, etc. 鼓掌；掌声



<5>comedy n. [C, U] a film, play, etc. that is intended to entertain people or make them laugh 喜剧



<6>scout n. 1. [C] sb. whose job is to look for people with particular skills, esp. in sport or entertainment 物色新秀者；星探

2. [C] a soldier sent out to get information about the enemy 侦察兵



<7>crude a. 1. rude and offensive 粗鲁的；粗俗的
2. simple and not skillfully done or made 粗制的；粗陋的
3. in the natural state; not reined 天然的；未加工的


<8>clap v. applaud 鼓掌；拍手



<9>revolt vi. refuse to accept sb.'s authority or obey rules, laws, etc. 反抗；不服从



<10>heel n. 1. [C] the raised part of a shoe underneath the back of the foot 鞋跟
2. [C] the back part of the foot 脚后跟



<11>moustache n. [C] (also mustache) hair growing on a man's upper lip 小胡子



<12>coarse a. 1. rude and offensive 粗鲁的；粗俗的
2. rough and not smooth 粗糙的



<13>nationality n. 1. [C, U] the legal status of belonging to a particular country 国籍
2. [C] a large group of people with the same race, language, culture, etc.

民族



<14>postpone vt. delay sth. to a later date or time 推迟，延迟



<15>nonsense n. 1. [U] speech or writing that has no meaning or cannot be understood 无意义的话或文字
2. [U] ideas, opinions, statements, etc. that are untrue or stupid 荒谬的想法、观点、说法



<16>doubtful a. 1. probably not true or not likely to happen 难以预料的，未定的
2. having doubts about sth. 有疑问的，感到怀疑的



<17>immense a. extremely large in size or degree 巨大的；无限的



<18>　immensely ad. to a very great extent; extremely 非常，很



<19>extraordinary a. very unusual or surprising 不寻常的；令人惊奇的



<20>rouse vt. produce a particular feeling or attitude 激起；激发



<21>script n. [C] the written form of a speech, play, film, etc. 底稿；讲稿；剧本



<22>pepper n. 1. [U] 胡椒粉；辣椒粉
2. [C] 辣椒



<23>execute vt. 1. do or perform sth., esp. in a planned way 实施；执行；履行
2. kill sb. as a legal punishment 将...处死



<24>betray vt. not be loyal to one's country or a person 背叛；出卖



<25>collision n. 1. [C, U] a strong disagreement or conlict 冲突
2. [C, U] an accident in which a person or vehicle strikes against another violently 碰撞（事件）



<26>sunset n. [U] the time when the sun goes down and night begins 日落（时分）；黄昏



<27>surround vt. be all around sb. or sth. on every side 围绕；包围



<28>spark vt. make sth. happen 触发；引起



<29>Christmas n. [C, U] 圣诞节



<30>burial n. [C, U] the act or ceremony of putting a dead body into a grave 埋葬；葬礼



<31>clumsy a. awkward in movement or manner 笨拙的；不灵活的



<32>cop n. [C] a police oficer 警察



<33>incident n. [C] sth. that happens, esp. sth. that is unusual 事件



<34>memorial n. [C] sth., esp. a stone with writing on it, that i

s intended to remind people of sb. who has died 纪念物；纪念碑


Phrases and Expressions

<35>cut down reduce the size of sth. such as clothing, writing, etc. 改小；缩短



<36>for good for ever 永久地



<37>trip up 1. cause sb. fall by putting the foot in front of them when they are moving 绊，绊倒
2. make a mistake, or force sb to make a mistake by tricking them （使）出错



<38>make up invent a story, etc. in order to deceive sb. 虚构，捏造，编造



<39>come down in the world become poorer or less successful than used to be 落魄，潦倒；失势



<40>to a degree partly 有些；在某种程度上



<41>go along advance; move further with sth. 进行；前进



<42>find one's way into arrive or get somewhere 到达；进入






<1>raw a. not processed, treated, or cooked 未经加工的；天然的；生的



<2>wheelchair n. [C] a chair on wheels for people who can't walk to get around 轮椅



<3>pension n. [C] an amount of money paid regularly by the government or a company to sb. who no longer works because of age or illness 养老金；抚恤金



<4>caseworker n. [C] a social worker who works to help people with social problems 社会工作者



<5>rent n. [C] an amount of money sb. pays regularly for the use of a room, house, car, etc. that is owned by sb. else 租金

v. pay money regularly for the use of a room, house, car, etc. 租用



<6>opt vi. make a choice 选择；决定



<7>drum v. make a continuous sound by hitting a surface 不停敲击
n. [C] 鼓



<8>temptation n. [C, U] a desire to do or have sth., esp. sth. that is bad for you 诱惑，引诱


<9>profile n. 1. [C] the public image of a person or organization 形象；印象
2. [C] a side view of a person's head （人头部的）侧面；侧影



<10>　high-profile a. attracting a lot of public attention 引人注目的



<11>bow vi. bend one's body forward, esp. to show respect 鞠躬
n. [C] the act of bowing 鞠躬



<12>compensation n. 1. [C, U] sth. used to balance or reduce the bad effects of a damage, loss, injury, etc. 补偿；弥补
2. [U] money that sb. receives because sth. bad has happened to them 补偿金；赔偿金



<13>liberal n. [C] sb. who accepts different opinions or

ways of behaving 思想开明的人
a. willing to accept different opinions or ways of behaving 心胸宽广的；开明的



<14>detective n. [C] sb. who tries to discover information about a crime and ind the criminal 侦探



<15>shorts n. (pl.) short trousers ending at or above the knees 短裤



<16>paste vt. stick sth. to sth. else or in a speciied place 粘贴
n. [U] a kind of glue made of lour and water 浆糊



<17>receipt n. [C] a written statement showing that you have paid for sth. 收据，收条



<18>donation n. [C] money or goods that you give to a person or an organization in order to help them 捐赠物；捐款



<19>hip n. [C] the part on each side of human body between the top of the leg and the waist 臀（部）；髋（部）



<20>crawl vi. 1. move along on hands and knees or with the body close to the ground 爬行；匍匐前进
2. move slowly 缓慢行进



<21>spine n. [C] the row of bones down the middle of the back 脊椎；脊柱



<22>spinal a. relating to the spine 脊椎的；脊柱的



<23>cord n. [C, U] a piece of thick string or thin rope 细绳；粗线



<24>screw n. [C] 螺丝钉



<25>roller n. [C] 滚筒；轧辊



<26>bearing n. [C] 轴承



<27>brake n. [C] a device for reducing the speed of a vehicle and bringing it to a stop 闸；制动器；刹车



<28>notify vt. tell sb. oficially about sth. 通知，告知



<29>certify vt. state that sth. is correct or true 证明，证实



<30>bid n. [C] an offer to pay a certain price for sth., esp. at an auction 出价；投标
v. offer to pay a particular price for sth., esp. at an auction 出价；投标



<31>alert vt. make sb. notice sth. important or dangerous 提醒；引起对...的重视
a. 1. paying attention to what is happening and ready to react if necessary 警觉的，警惕的
2. able to think quickly and clearly 机敏的，机警的



<32>appliance n. [C] a piece of equipment, esp. an electrical one that is used in the home 家用电器



<33>maid n. [C] a female servant 女佣，女仆



<34>roast a. cooked in an oven or over a ire 烤过的，烤制的

v. cook sth., such as meat, in an oven or over a ire 烤，烘



<35>oven n. [C] 烤炉；烤箱

<36>helicopter n. [C] 直升飞机



<37>provision n. 1. [C] a part of an agreement or law that deals with a particular problem 条款，条文；规定
2. [U] the act of providing sth. 提供，供应



<38>champion n. 1. [C] sb. who publicly supports, defends or fights for a belief, right, etc. 支持者；捍卫者
2. [C] sb. who has won in a game, competition, etc. 冠军



<39>chemist n. 1. [C] sb. who prepares and sells medicines 药剂师
2. [C] a scientist who studies chemistry 化学家



<40>urine n. [C] 尿，小便



<41>senator n. [C] 参议员



<42>governor n. [C] sb. in charge of a particular political unit 州长；总督；行政长官



<43>thrive vi. become very successful or very strong and healthy 兴旺；繁荣；茁壮成长



<44>convict vt. prove or declare sb. guilty 证明...有罪；宣判...有罪

n. [C] sb. who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison 囚犯


Phrases and Expressions

<45>be faced with meet sth. bad or dificult 面对，面临



<46>drum up get sth. by asking a lot of people for help or support 竭力争取；兜揽



<47>under the table in a secret way 背地里，私下



<48>get/be involved in be part of or included in sth. 卷入；参与



<49>deep down in one's true feelings 在内心深处，在心底



<50>make a fool of sb. trick sb. or make them appear stupid in some way 愚弄某人



<51>talk back reply rudely 顶嘴



<52>break down fail to work; stop working 发生故障；坏掉



<53>get around move or travel around 四处走动



<54>look into examine the facts about a problem or situation 调查



<55>build up make sth. develop or form 建立；开发



<56>lend itself to be suitable for being used in a particular way or result in sth. bad easily 适宜于；会造成



<57>convict... of declare sb. guilty of a crime 判决...有罪






<1>telecommunications n. [U] the sending and receiving of messages over distance, esp. by telephone, radio and television 电信



<2>dumb a. unable to speak 哑的，不会说话的



<3>investment n. [C, U] the act of investing money in sth. 投资



<4>Latin n. & a. [U] 拉丁语（的）；拉丁语系（的）



<5>utility n. [C] (usu. ~ties ) a service used by the public, such as electricity or gas supply 公用事业；公用设施



<6>optical a. connected with sight or light 视觉的

；光的



<7>diameter n. [C] 直径



<8>millimeter n. [C] (Bre. millimetre ) 毫米



<9>cable n. [C] a set of wires covered in plastic or rubber, used to carry electricity 电缆



<10>copper n. [U] 铜



<11>transmission n. 1. [U] the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or television program 播送；发射；传输

2. [U] the process of passing sth. from one person, place or thing to another 传播



<12>parade n. 1. [C] a series of people or things that seems never to end 一连串，一系列
2. [C] a line of people, vehicles, etc. moving forward in order, often as a celebration of some event 游行



<13>urban a. of or in a city or town 城市的，都市的



<14>spider n. [C] 蜘蛛



<15>condense vt. make sth. shorter or smaller 缩短；压缩



<16>intensive a. involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time 密集的；集中的；加强的



<17>　labor-intensive a. (of work) needing a lot of people to do it 劳动密集型的



<18>rust v. become covered with a reddish-brown substance that forms on iron and steel 生锈
n. [U] the reddish-brown substance that forms on iron and steel 铁锈



<19>antique n. [C] sth. made long ago that is valuable or interesting 古董



<20>lick vt. 1. easily defeat sb. or deal with sth. 击败；克服
2. move one's tongue over sth. 舔



<21>strategic a. done as part of a plan, esp. in a military, business, or political situation 战略（上）的；策略（上）的



<22>recession n. [C, U] a period during which there is a decline in economy and prosperity 经济衰退



<23>scratch vt. rub a surface slightly with sth. sharp or rough 抓，挠



<24>mainland n. [sing.] (the ~) the main area of land of a country 大陆



<25>provincial a. of a province 省的；省级的



<26>infrastructure n. [C, U] the basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly 基础设施



<27>　superhighway n. [C] a large, wide road on which trafic travels at high speed 高速公路



<28>log vt. make an oficial record of events, facts, etc. 记录

v. cut down trees 伐木



<29>invest v. spend money on sth. in the hope of making a proit 投

资
vt. use lots of time, energy, or effort to do sth. 投入（时间、精力等）



<30>investor n. [C] sb. who gives money to a company, business, or bank in order to get a proit 投资者



<31>import n. 1. [U] the act of bringing a product, service, etc. into one country from another 进口；输入
2. [C] a product or service that is brought into one country from another 进口商品
vt. bring a product, service, etc. into one country from another 进口；输入



<32>stake n. 1. [C] money that sb. invests in a company 股份
2. [C] a pointed piece of wood, metal, etc. that is pushed into the ground to support sth. or mark a particular place 桩；柱



<33>lease v. use or let sb. use sth., esp. property or equipment, in return for rent 租借；出租
n. [C] an agreement which allows sb. to use sth. in return for rent 租约；租契



<34>ridge n. [C] a long narrow raised part of land, esp. at the top of a mountain 脊；山脊



<35>reliable a. able to be depended on or trusted 可靠的；值得信赖的



<36>tag n. [C] a piece of paper or other material attached to sth. to identify it or give information about it 标签



<37>width n. [C, U] the distance from one side of sth. to the other 宽度；阔度；广度



<38>breadth n. [C, U] the width 宽度；阔度



<39>nowhere ad. not in, at or to any place; not anywhere 任何地方都不



<40>disposal n. [U] the act of getting rid of sth. 处理；消除



<41>revenue n. [U] the income that a government, company, etc. receives regularly 财政收入；收益



<42>electron n. [C] 电子




Phrases and Expressions


<43>give sb. an advantage over make sb. more likely to succeed than others 使具有优势



<44>be stuck with have sth. you do not want because you cannot get rid of it 无法摆脱，解脱不了



<45>push ahead continue trying to achieve sth. 推进；推行



<46>a matter of sth. sth. that needs or depends on sth. else 是...问题



<47>date from have existed since a particular time in the past 始于



<48>be stuck in be in an unpleasant situation and unable to change it or get away from it 陷入



<49>scratch the surface deal with only the simple or obvious parts of sth. 仅触及表面；浅尝辄止



<50>log on do the necessary actions that allow you to begin using a computer system 登录（计算机）系统



<51>at one's disposal available for one to use 供某

人使用；由某人支配



<52>make use of use sth. or sb. in order to get an advantage 使用；利用



<53>keep pace with move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb. or sth.else 齐头并进；并驾齐驱



<54>lag behind fail to achieve as much as sb. else; fail to remain level with others 落后；滞后




<1>solitary a. tending to spend a lot of time alone 独自的；喜欢独处的



<2>tame vt. make sb. or sth. easy to control 驯服；控制

a. (esp. of animals) not afraid of people, and used to living with them （尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的



<3>pond n. [C] a small still body of water formed naturally or created artiicially 池塘



<4>inspiration n. [C, U] a sudden good idea about what to do or say 灵感



<5>solitude n. [U] the situation of being alone 独居，孤独



<6>commodity n. 1. [C] sth. that is useful or necessary 有用的东西；必需品
2. [C] a substance or product that can be bought or sold 商品，货物



<7>sunlight n. [U] the light that comes from the sun 阳光，日光



<8>benign n. [C] a soft bag to make a seat more comfortable 坐垫；垫子



<9>cushion n. [C] a soft bag to make a seat more comfortable 坐垫；垫子



<10>creep vi. move slowly and quietly 潜行；蹑手蹑脚地移动



<11>poetry n. [U] poems in general 诗，诗歌



<12>dictate v. 1. say sth. for sb. else to write down 口授；口述
2. tell sb. exactly what to do or how to behave 命令；指使



<13>kettle n. [C] a container with a lid, handle and a spout used for boiling water 水壶



<14>priest n. 1. [C] (high ~) a person who is famous for being the best at sth. 代表人物
2. [C] 神父；牧师



<15>reliance n. [C] [U] the state of depending on a particular person or thing 依靠，依赖



<16>　self-reliance n. [U] the state of doing or deciding things by oneself rather than depending on others 自立；自力更生



<17>hut n. [C] a small, simple building 小屋




<18>axe n. (AmE ax) [C] a tool with a handle and a metal blade used for cutting down trees or cutting wood into pieces 斧子



<19>saucer n. [C] a small curved plate on which one puts a cup 茶托，茶碟



<20>laundry n. 1. [U] the clothes and sheets which need to be or have just been washed 待洗或刚

洗好的衣物
2. [C] a place where clothes, sheets, etc. are washed 洗衣店



<21>　companionable a. friendly and pleasant to be with 友善的，友好的



<22>ego n. 1. [C] the part of the mind that is responsible for your sense of who you are 自我
2. [C] your sense of your own value and importance 自我价值感



<23>humble a. 1. having a modest opinion of oneself 谦逊的，谦虚的

2. having a low social class or position 地位或身份低下的



<24>inadequate a. not enough or not good enough for a particular purpose 不充分的；不足的



<25>plural a. of a word or form which expresses more than one 复数的

n. [C] a word or form that shows you are talking about more than one thing, person, etc. 复数（形式）



<26>apology n. [C] a word or statement to say you are sorry for having done sth. wrong or for upsetting sb. 道歉



<27>soak vi. spend a long time taking a bath 长时间泡浴

v. make sth. very wet or become very wet 使湿透；浸湿



<28>pint n. [C] 品脱（液量单位）



<29>waterproof a. not allowing water to go through 防水的，不透水的



<30>slippery a. dificult to hold or to stand on, drive on, etc. because it is smooth, wet or polished 滑的



<31>observation n. 1. [C] a spoken or written remark about sth. you have noticed 评论
2. [C, U] the process of watching sb. or sth. carefully for a period of time 观察；注意



<32>choke v. 1. become unable to speak because of a strong emotion 说不出话来
2. be unable to breathe properly, or be made unable to breathe properly （使）窒息；（使）呼吸困难



<33>parcel n. [C] an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper, etc. so that they can be sent by post 包裹



<34>parrot n. [C] 鹦鹉



<35>sportsman n. [C] sb. who plays sport, esp. one who is good at it 运动员



<36>skate vi. move, dance, etc. on skates 溜冰，滑冰



<37>　skater n. [C] a person who skates 溜冰者，滑冰者



<38>　self-centered a. only interested in oneself and one's own activities 自我为中心的，自私的



<39>seal vt. (also seal up) close a container or space by covering it with sth. 封；密封


Phrases and Expressions


<40>on purpose

not by accident; deliberately 故意，特意



<41>cast out make sb. leave a place, or refuse to accept sb. as part of a group 赶走，驱逐



<42>speak highly of express a good opinion of sb. or sth. 对...给予高度评价；赞扬



<43>seek out ind sb. or sth. by looking for them in a determined way 找到；找出



<44>set forth start a journey 出发，动身



<45>stretch out 1. lengthen sth. by pulling 拉长，伸长

2. lie down, usu. in order to relax or sleep 躺平；舒展



<46>back up 1. (cause to) block up （使）积压； （使）拥塞

2. support sb., esp. in an argument 支持



<47>at length 1. for a long time and in great detail 长久地；详尽地

2. after a long time 最终，终于



<48>in line in a row of people standing one behind the other while waiting for sth. （排）成一行，（排）成一队



<49>settle down become quiet and calm or make sb. do this （使）安定下来



<50>for the time being for a short period of time from now, but not permanently 暂时，眼下



<51>might as well used to suggest that sb. should do sth. because there is no good reason to do anything else 只好；还是...为好





<1>bribery n. [U] the act of giving or taking bribes 行贿；受贿



<2>ethic n. [C] a general idea or belief that influences people's behavior and attitudes 道德；伦理



<3>　ethics n. (pl.) moral rules or principles of behavior 道德准则；伦理标准



<4>　quick-witted a. able to think and understand things quickly 聪颖的；机敏的


Phrases and Expressions

<5>on the increase increasing 在增长



<6>way of life the behavior, habits, customs, etc. of a particular society or person 生活方式



<7>pay up pay all the money that one owes 付清欠款；还钱



<8>stand by 1. remain faithful to a promise, etc.; keep to 遵守；履行

2. stay loyal to sb. and support them, esp. when they are in trouble 支持；忠于



<9>in practice in reality 实际上，事实上



<10>accuse sb. of sth. say that sb. has done sth. wrong, illegal, etc. 指控；指责



<11>in private with no one else present; secretly 私下里，秘密地



<12>a fact of life a situation that cannot be changed, esp. one that is unpleasant 生活现实；残酷的事实



<13>throw out get rid of; make sb. leave because of a fault 抛弃；驱除



<14>close a deal complete a transaction successfully 完成交易；生意成交



<15>speed up ma

ke sth. happen or move more quickly （使...）加快速度



<16>hit upon/on think of an idea unexpectedly 忽然想出（主意等）



<17>amount to have the same effect as 等于；相当于



<18>behave oneself based on act in a way that people think is correct or proper 表现得体



<19>be caught in based on be in a situation that one cannot easily get out of 陷入；被卷入



<20>be on the take be willing to do sth. wrong in return for money 受贿；贪赃枉法



<21>square... with... make two ideas, facts , etc. agree with each other; agree or be consistent with another idea, fact, or situation （使）与...一致（相符）




<1>　genetics n. [U] a branch of biology dealing with heredity and genetic variations 遗传学



<2>superiority n. [U] the quality of being better, more skillful, etc. than other people or things 优越（性）；优势



<3>bias vt. unfairly in fluence attitudes, choices, or decisions 使有偏见
n. [sing.] a tendency to consider sb. or sth. more favorably than others 偏见；成见



<4>　biased a. preferring one person or thing to another 有偏见的；偏袒一方的


Phrases and Expressions

<5>to date until now 至今，直到现在



<6>nothing less than used to emphasize how important or surprising sth. is; exactly 简直是；完全



<7>be conined to be kept within certain limits 限制于，局限于



<8>as of/from starting from (the time stated) 从...起



<9>in effect in reality in fact 事实上，实际上



<10>in combination with together with 与...一起；共同



<11>be descended from be related to sb. who lived long ago 为...的后裔





<1>　gatepost n. [C] a post to which a gate is ixed 门柱



<2>　riverboat n. [C] a large passenger boat which travels up and down a river 内河船；内河客轮



<3>prop vt. support sth. by leaning it against sth., or by putting sth. else under it 支撑



<4>　knife-blade n. [C] the lat cutting part of a knife 刀刃



<5>fragrance n. [C, U] a pleasant smell 香味，芳香




Phrases and Expressions


<6>up to until 直到



<7>peer at look carefully at 仔细看，凝视



<8>in passing by the way; casually 顺便；附带



<9>in that for the reason that; because 因为，原因是



<10>give of sth. give other people money, time, etc., without expecting anything in return 提供；献出



<11>disapprove of not approve of sb. or sth. 不赞同；不喜欢



<12>at one's elbow nearby; close

by 在手边；在近旁



<13>pay the price (for sth.) do or give sth. in order to get what one wants （为...）付出代价



<14>in the main in general; on the whole 基本上，大体上



<15>prop up prevent sth. from falling down by putting sth. else under or against it 支撑；顶住



<16>in company with together with 与...一起






<1>contend vt. argue or state that sth. is true 声称；认为

vi. compete against sb. in order to gain sth. 竞争



<2>contemplate v. think carefully about sth. for a long time 思量；仔细考虑




Phrases and Expressions

<3>shave off remove hair with sth. sharp 剃掉



<4>take sb. to court begin a case against sb. 起诉某人



<5>put sth. before sth. consider sth. more important than sth. else 认为...比...更重要



<6>for all despite 尽管，虽然



<7>come into begin to be in a state 开始进入某种状态



<8>so far until now; up to this point 到目前为止；迄今为止



<9>in response to as a reply or reaction to an event or sth. that is said 作为对...的答复；作为对...的反应


<10>in a lash quickly or suddenly 转眼间






<1>incorporate vt. make sth. a part of sth. larger 纳入；使并入




<2>trigger vt. make sth. happen 使发生；引发


Phrases and Expressions

<3>sort through look for sth. among a lot of similar things, esp. when one arranges these things into an order 从...中查找




<4>aim at intend or try to achieve sth. 旨在；力争达到




<5>in the act of doing sth. while doing sth. 正在做某事




<6>take note of notice sth. 留意（到）；注意（到）




<7>set aside save or keep money, time, etc. for a particular purpose 拨出；留出




<8>keep at it continue doing sth. 坚持