牛津上海版高中二年级第二册英语 Unit 6 Problems and solutions教案

Unit 6 Problems and solutions

【教学目标】

独立主格结构的相关知识。

【教学重难点】

独立主格结构的相关知识的运用。

【教学过程】

独立主格结构

概念

“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句引导词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。

独立主格的特点

【注意】

1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。

2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。

独立主格结构的用法。

独立主格结构在句中往往做状语，表时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况。

【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

非谓语动词独立主格结构。

“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。

1.不定式构成的独立主格结构

2.不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，有时做条件状语。

3.Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.

4.由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。

5.So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job．

6.如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。

7.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构

8.动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作是逻辑主语发出的动作。

9.We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.

10.我们加倍努力，每个人就像在干两个人的活。

11.The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path.

12.总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。

13.The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

14.在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。

15.过去分词形式的独立主格

16.过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在句中作时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。

17.This done, we went home.做完这个，我们就回家了。

18.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.

19.积蓄用完后，我们都开始找工作。

20.More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance.

21.如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们能提前完成这个工作。

其他形式的独立主格结构

1.逻辑主语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语

2.With/without+宾+宾补

独立主格结构的区分及注意事项。

1.分词结构、独立主格结构作状语的注意事项。

2.（1）使用分词短语、独立主格结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意，它们与主句之间不应有从属连词(如when, if, as soon as, as, while等)或并列连词(and, but, or等)

3.（2）在使用独立主格结构、分词作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。

4.a．当句子主语与状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，状语可用分词或从句表示。

5.When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful —>Seeing from the top of the floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶楼上看，花园要漂亮得多。

6.b．若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自己的逻辑主语时，该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构或从句。

7.If time permits, we’d better have a rest at this weekend．—>Time permitting, we’d better have a rest at this weekend．时间允许的话，这周末我们最好休息一下。

8.（3）分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致，也可能是主句的其他成分。

9.Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.

10.在屋里找手表花了我很长时间。

11.（4）有些分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语。

12.When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.

13.(我们)种花时必须小心不要把根弄坏了。

14.独立主格结构没有所有格形式。

15.The chief editor arriving, we began the meeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。

16.独立主格结构中，当表人体部位的词作逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。

17.He lay there, his teeth set, his fists clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

18.他躺在那里，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。

19.独立成分。

20.（1）有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用语。这些短语有：

21.generally speaking一般来说，frankly speaking坦白说，strictly speaking严格来说，talking of谈到，speaking of说到，judging from由…判断，

22.taking all things into consideration把一切考虑在内，considering that考虑到，allowing for 考虑到, putting it mildly说的温和些

23.Danny has too much homework considering that he is young.

24.考虑到Danny还小，他的作业也太多了。

25.（2）有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分。这些短语有：

26.to be honest老实说，to be sure确实，to tell you the truth说实话，to cut a long story short 长话短说，to be frank 坦率地说，to make matter/things worse更糟糕的是

27.To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.

28.更糟的是，许多男人都到城市里找高薪的工作区了，留下附近村庄的妇女积蓄承担修复工作。

29.独立主格结构的时态问题。

30.独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在位于动作之前。

31.The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.

32.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。

33.Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed．

34.Tom总是迟到，他的老板很失望。

练习：

1．Everything ___ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.

A．to take B．taken C．to be taken D．taking

2．An expert ___ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.

A．will come B, coming C．to come D．having come

3．The meeting ___ over, he went to pick up his son directly

A．to be B．is C．was D．being

4．--- They sat still in the room, ___.--- Why did they do like that?

A．drawing the curtains B．with the curtains drawn

C．with the curtains drawing D．having the curtains drawn

5．The sun ___, they continued their way.

A．has risen B．having risen C．has raised D．having raised

6．The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___ at the end of last March.

A．has been launched B．having been launched

C．being launched D．to be launched

7．Here are two volumes, the third one ____ next month.

A．comes out B．came out C．coming out D．to come out

8．With his son___, the old man felt unhappy.

A．to disappoint B．to be disappointing

C．disappointing D．being disappointed

9．--- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

---Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.

A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled

10．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___, he gladly accepted it.

A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished

11．___, I had to ask for two days’ leave.

A．Mother being ill B．Mother ill C．As mother was ill D．A, B and C 12．With so many books ___, I couldn’t go to surf the Internet.

A．to read B．to be read C．reading D．read

13．The thief stood before the policeman ____ admitting what he had done.

A．with his dropping head B．dropping his head

C．raising his head D．with his head down

14．Winter ___, it is time to buy warm clothes.

A．has come on B．is coming on C．coming on D．comes on

15．The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes ___ and his hands ___. A．close, tremble B．closed, trembling

C．closing, trembling D．closed, trembled

16．With nothing __ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.

A．leaving B．leave C．left D．to leave

17．It was a pity that the great writer died ___ his works unfinished．

A．for B．with C．of D．from

18．I couldn’t do my homework with that noise ___ on.

A．to go B．went C．going D．goes

19．___ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend．A．Because of B．With C．As for D．Besides 20．Tom came home, ___.

A．a dog following him B．a dog followed him

C．being followed him D．a dog was followed him

答案：

BCDBB BDCBA DADCB CBCBA

高中英语牛津上海版高中二年级第—学期 语法填空专项讲解及练习(有答案)

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学科教师辅导讲义 辅导科目：英语年级：高二课时数：3 课题Unit 6. Problems and solutions基础知识梳理 教学目标1. 使学生能够基本掌握unit1中的基础词汇及其拓展用法； 2. 帮助学生梳理课文中的一些重点句型，并且会做一些基础的单选题。 教学内容 Step1: Greetings & Free talk Is there something interesting or important this week? Step2: Homework checking & Revision Step3: 知识梳理 I. Key Words重点单词 1. cosmetics n. [usually pl.]化妆品 e. g. Lipstick and hair conditioner are cosmetics.口红和护发素都是化妆品。 2. persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的 e. g. The argument he presented was so persuasive that the manager agreed to reconsider his proposal. 他的理由很有说服力，所以经理同意重新考虑他的提议。 【知识拓展】persuade v.说服，劝说 【常用搭配】persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事persuade sb out of sth/doing sth劝阻某人不要（做）…… e. g. She persuaded me to take part in the English competition. =She persuaded me into taking part in the English competition.她说服我参加英语竞赛。 We persuaded him out of his foolish plan.我们劝说他放弃了那个愚蠢的计划。 3. advertising n.做广告；广告业 e. g. Cigarette advertising should be banned.应该禁止香烟的广告业务。 4. campaign n.运动 e. g. There is a campaign against smoking in the city.该市正在进行一场禁烟运动。 The old lady's son died in a campaign during the World WarⅡ.老太太的儿子在第二次世界大战的一场战争中丧身。【知识拓展】v.参加运动 e. g. She spent her whole life campaigning for women's rights.她毕生致力于女权运动。 5. anti-ageing adj.抗衰老的 e. g. I wonder whether these anti-ageing cosmetics are really effective.我想知道这些抗衰老的化妆品是否真的有效。 Our website provides ladies with many practical anti-ageing strategies. 我们的网站为女士们提供很多实用的抗衰老策略。 【知识拓展】前缀anti-表示“反对、排斥”。 如：anti- spam反垃圾邮件anti-hacker反电脑黑客 6. present v.赠送；呈现；引见 e. g. The old couple presented a big sum of money to the school where they had studied. 这对老夫妇向他们求学过的学校赠送了一大笔钱。 You should have presented your essay last week.你上周就该把论文交上来了。

牛津上海版高中二年级第二册英语 Unit 6 Problems and solutions教案

Unit 6 Problems and solutions 【教学目标】 独立主格结构的相关知识。 【教学重难点】 独立主格结构的相关知识的运用。 【教学过程】 独立主格结构 概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句引导词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 独立主格的特点

【注意】 1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 独立主格结构的用法。

独立主格结构在句中往往做状语，表时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况。 【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构

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