2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第2套)_共13页

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.

PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.

B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground

C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement

D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire

2. A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.

B) He once served in a fire department.

C) He was collecting building materials.

D) He moved into his neighbor's old house.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.

B) Change British people’s negative view of maths

C) Help British people understand their paychecks.

D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.

4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.

B) The public sees the value of maths in their life.

C) British people know how to do elementary calculations

D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.

Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft.

B) He is learning to be a pilot.

C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.

D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years

6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.

B) He can change his focus of attention and relax.

C) He can show his difference from other royalty.

D) He can come into closer contact with his people.

7. A) They enjoyed his company

B) They liked him in his uniform.

C) They rarely recognised him

D) They were surprised to see him.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) They were skilled carpenters themselves.

B) It didn't need much capital to start with

C) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.

D) They saw a business opportunity there.

9. A) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices

B) Attract foreign investment to expand business

C) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers

D) Open some more branch companies in Germany.

10. A) They are from her hometown.

B) They are imported from Germany.

C) They all come from Romania.

D) They come from all over the continent.

11. A) All across Europe.

B) Throughout the world.

C) Mostly in Bucharest

D) In Romania only

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.

B) Try out a new restaurant together in town

C) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan

D) Attend the opening of a local restaurant

13. A) It is sponsored by local restaurants

B) It specializes in food advertising

C) It is especially popular with the young

D) It provides information on local events

14. A) They design a special set of menus for themselves.

B) They treat themselves to various entertainments

C) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants

D) They participate in a variety of social event

15. A) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.

B) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.

C) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.

D) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) Rewarding them for eating vegetables

B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly

C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for the

D) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.

17. A) They were disliked most by children.

B) They were considered most nutritious.

C) They were least used in Belgian cooking

D) They were essential to children’s health.

18. A) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.

B) Children’s eating habits can be

changed

C) Parents watch closely what children eat.

D) Children’s choices of food vary greatly.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) Space exploration has serious consequences

B) India has many space exploration programs.

C) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.

D) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.

20. A) It is costly to bring back.

B) It is risky to destroy

C) It is of no use on Earth.

D) It is damaged by radiation.

21. A) Record details of space exploration.

B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.

C) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials

D) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.

B) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps

C) It will gradually be replaced by social media.

D) It will have to be governed by specific rules

23. A) Save the message in their file.

B) Make a timely response.

C) Examine the information carefully.

D) See if any action needs to be taken.

24. A) It is to be passed on

C) It requires no reply.

B) It is mostly junk

D) It causes no concern.

25. A) Make it as short as possible

C) Adopt an informal style of writing

B) Use simple and clear language

D) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.

PartⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to

select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following

the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each

item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of

the words in the bank more than once ．

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended with a persistent

bad cough. No matter how many different cough. Not only did it my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked

wonders; I was about it because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much that I couldn ’t sleep I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue,

both of which were new to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scrapping (刮) treatment known as ‘Gua Sha ’. I was a little at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on 26 I tried, I still couldn ’t get rid of the 27

28

29

30

31

32

my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the relieving effect and my body and mind began to 33 34 strokes started to produce a

deeper into relaxation.

I didn ’t feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a

few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to matter of weeks, it was completely gone!

35 . then, within a

A) deepen

E) lessen I) remedies J) scared M) temporary N) tremble O) worse

B) experiences

C) hesitant

F) licenses G) pressured H) recommended K) sensitive L) sink D) inconvenience Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached

to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the

paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more

than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking

the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Is it really OK to eat food that ’s fallen on the floor?

[A] When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat you pick it up

within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few

seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’t have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we’ve don some work on this particular piece of wisdom.

-second rule” might not seem like the most pressing issue for food

[B] While the “five

scientists to get to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.

[C] So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold（门槛）that separates a piece

of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It’s a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and

just how dirty the floor is.

[D] Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a p

-known, but

common experience. And it’s probably not a new one either. A well

inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some

viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the

floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were along in the kitchen, their guests

would never know.

[E] In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child

put it back in the pain, saying. “But you can always pick it up and if you’re a

persists. It’s harder to kitchen, who’s going to see it?” But the misremembered story

pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that

70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and

that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.

[F] So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the

safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to

Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in are search apprenticeship at the

University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues inoculated floor tiles with bacteria then

placed food on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from

the tile to gummy bears and cookies wit hin five seconds, but didn’t report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tile to the food.

[G] But how much bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at

Clemson University published a study–the only peer-reviewed journal paper on this

topic–in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time

food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria

to the food. To find out, we inoculated squares of tile, carpet or wood with Salmonella.

Five minutes after that, we placed either bologna or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60

seconds, and then measured the amount of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated

this exact protocol after the bacteria had been on the surface for two, four, eight and 24

hours.

[H] We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn

—

depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface

whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall amount of bacteria on the

surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial inoculation. It looks

like what’s at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more ho

w contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.

[I] We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for

instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When

carpet was inoculated with Salmonella, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred.

But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48%-70%of bacteria transferred.

[J] Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical

parameters（参数）to our study and found similar results testing contact times of three

and 30 seconds on similar surfaces. They also reported that 87% of people asked either

would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor.

[K] Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, you

have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick. Also,

certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful and it takes only a small number to make

you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can

cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the

chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.

floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.

[L] And it’s not just dropping food on the

Bacteria are carried by various “media,” which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria has been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing. Hands,

foods and utensils can carry individual bacterial cells, colonies of cells or cells living

in communities contained within a protective film that provide protection. These

microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are

found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer

and are very difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced

resistance to sanitizers and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.

[M] So the next time you consider eating dropped food, the odds are in your favor that

you can eat that morsel and not get sick. But in the rare chance that here is a microorganism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you

can be fairly sure the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.

[N] Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is to keep your hands

and other surfaces clean.

36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five

seconds.

37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get

onto it.

38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on

the floor.

39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.

40. The author’s research center around how food gets contaminated.

41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.

42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.

43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat

food picked up from the floor.

44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly

consequences.

45. Researcher found how many bacteria get onto the food did not have much to do

with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),

B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter

on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp

on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.

According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location

of hiding prey（借物）using both their ears and an inborn（天生的）understanding

of how the physical world works

In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a

（发出响声）, others did

container that a team member shook. Some containers rattled

not. When the container was tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes

it didn’t.

It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a

container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling

container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved

as expected.

-logical understanding of nose or sounds to predict the “Cats use a causal

lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. appearance of invisible objects,”

The researchers conclude that cats hunting style may have developed based on their

common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.

Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. Like cats,

--looking longer at

babies appear to engage in what’s called “preferential looking”

things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.

experiments like the ones performed When babies’ expectations are violated in

with the cats, they react much like their animal friends. Psychologists have shown that

babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and

effect as early as two months of age.

Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect?

Maybe. Okay, so cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America’s m important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they

shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.

Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than

desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.

One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?

A) They can be trained to understand the physical world.

B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.

C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.

D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.

47. What may account for the cat's response to the noise from the containers?

A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise.

B) Their unusual sense of direction.

C) Their special ability to perceive.

D) Their mastery of cause and effect.

48. What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?

A) They depend on their instincts.

B) They rely mainly on their hearing. C) They wait some time before attack.

D) They use both their ears and eyes.

49. In what way do babies behave like cats?

A) They focus on what appears odd.

B) They view the world as normal.

C) They do what some time they prefer to do.

D) They are curious about everything.

50. What can we conclude about cats from the passage?

A) They have higher intelligence than many other animals.

B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.

C) They display extraordinary high intelligence in hunting.

D) They can aid physics professors in their research work. .

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. "The fastest route will take us

15. 3 minutes. Should I take it?" You say yes and you are on your way. The car responds

and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.

How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much

safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and

town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.

A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways.

-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The

There’s no question that self

potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U. S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually- or physically-

impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being

eletric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on

non- renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.

But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now

depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U. S. Department of Labor, in

May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3. 5 million professional truck drivers in the U. S.

The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state

and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom

n the coal

will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what’s happening i and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this

country.

New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves

-sided. It is necessary for the companies and forward. However, progress can’t be one

state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes

to build a better future for all.

51. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?

A) People would be driving in a more civilized way

B) It would save local governments a lot of money.

C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.

D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.

52. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?

A) They could enjoy greater mobility

B) They would suffer no road accidents.

C) They would have no trouble driving.

D) They could go anywhere they want.

53. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?

A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.

B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.

C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.

D) Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.

54. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries? 答：B,

A) Political dissatisfaction.

B) Retaining of employees.

C) Fossil fuel conservation.

D) Business restructuring.

55. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?

A) Keep pace with technological developments.

B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.

C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.

D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.

PartⅣTranslation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。随着移动互联网的出现，手

机购物逐渐成为了一种趋势。18岁到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最

大群体。由于现在用手机付款极为容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，

而不愿用现金或信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾

客打折。专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大的发展潜力。

2018年12月英语四级真题(第一套)

2018年12月英语四级真题（第一套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 关注公众号“春秋大道”，无偿得到全部英语四六级历年真题（更新至2018年12月）+听力原频 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device. 2.A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated.

2018年6月份-英语四级真题答案(完整版)

2018年6月份，英语四级真题答案（完整版）四级听力理解答案 听力新闻第1套 1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner’s daughter. 2. B) She wanted to honor her father's promise. 3. B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified. 4. C) It lost a huge stock of bees. 5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours. 6. C) Inadequate funding. 7. D) It is more environmentally friendly. 听力新闻第2套 1. B) Scared. 2. D) It was covered with large scales. 3. A) A Study of the fast-food service. 4. C) Increased variety of products. 5. C) US government's approval of private space missions. 6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon. 7. B) It is promising.

听力长对话第1套 8. A) It seems a depressing topic. 9. D) They can't make it to the theatre in time. 10. C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched. 11. B) Go and see the dance. 12. D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student. 13. C) Participate in after-school activities. 14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it. 15. D) She has just transferred to the college. 听力长对话第2套 8. D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach. 9. A) She visited a Thai orphanage. 10. D) His phone is running out of power. 11. C) He collects things from different countries. 12. D) Trying out a new gym in town. 13. C) A discount for a half-year membership. 14. D) The operation of fitness equipment. 15. C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting. 听力篇章第1套 16. B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.

2018年12月四级真题(一)解析

Part I Writing(30 minutes) The Challenges of Living in a Big City 【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being late.Therefore, I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it【5】so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness. 【7】As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you? 话题词汇: unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会 fast pace快节奏 pressure压力 lifestyle生活方式 environment环境 urban城市的 health健康 Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 【词性分析】: 名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles交通工具,车辆 动词:B) associated与…相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对……有不良影响G) described描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把…系起来;M) sources来自……;找出…的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱 形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的 副词:C) consciously有意识地,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地 Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26-damage occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27-associated with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. 1.die v. 死亡，熄灭; 凋零n.骰子 2.trillion[?tr?lj?n]n. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的 3.welfare [?welfe?(r)] n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁 4.alone [??l??n] adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只，只有; The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remaine d 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. 5.source [s?rs] n. 根源，本源; 源头，水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源 6.remain [r??men]n.剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留 7.constant [?k?nst?nt] adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物

2018年英语四级真题及答案解析

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套) Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a shor t essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at l east 120 words but no more than180 words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the q uestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just hear d. 1. A) Annoyed. B) Scared. C) Confused. D) Offended. 2. A) It crawled over the woman's hands. B) It wound up on the steering wheel. C) It was killed by the police on the spot. D) It was covered with large scales. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just hear d. 3. A) A study of the fast-food service. B) Fast food customer satisfaction. C) McDonald's new business strategies. D) Competition in the fast-food industry. 4. A) Customers' higher demands. B) The inefficiency of employees.

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第3套)_共13页

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. R ead the passage t hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague?D elivered a 26to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the 28when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news one that’s best --- 29business communication consultants and etiquette for the recipient? We’ve (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 34concern is: How can I soften or civilize this says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually message?”　 choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a

2018年大学英语四级真题答案及解析

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套) Part?I? Writing? （30?minutes） Directions:?For?this?part,?you?are?allowed?30minutes?to?write?a?short?essay?on? the?importance of?reading?ability?and?how?to?develop?it.?You?should?write?at?least?120?wor ds?but?no?more?than180?words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part?II ?Listening?Comprehension? (25?minutes) Section?A Directions:?In?this?section,?you?will?hear?three news?reports.?At?the?end?of?each?news?report,?you will?hear?two?or?three?questions.?Both?the?news?report?and?the?questions?wil l?be?spoken?only once.?After?you?hear?a?question,?you?must?choose?the?best?answer?from?the?fo ur?choices marked?A),?B),?C)?and?D).?Then?mark?the?corresponding?letter?on?Answer?Sheet ?1?with?a single?line?through?the?centre. Questions?1?and?2?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 1.A)?The?return?of?a?bottled?message?to?its?owner's?daughter. B)?A?New?Hampshire?man's?joke?with?friends?on?his?wife. C)?A?father's?message?for?his?daughter. D)?The?history?of?a?century-old?motel. 2.?A)?She?wanted?to?show?gratitude?for?his?kindness. B)?She?wanted?to?honor?her?father's?promise. C)?She?had?been?asked?by?her?father?to?do?so. D)?She?was?excited?to?see?her?father's?handwriting. Questions?3?and?4?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 3.?A)?People?were?concerned?about?the?number?of?bees. B)?Several?cases?of?Zika?disease?had?been?identified. C)?Two?million?bees?were?infected?with?disease. D)?Zika?virus?had?destroyed?some?bee?farms. 4.?A)?It?apologized?to?its?customers.? B)?It?was?forced?to?kill?its?bees. C)?It?lost?a?huge?stock?of?bees. D)?It?lost??million?dollars.

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse. B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire 2. A)He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. B) He once served in a fire department. C) He was collecting building materials. D) He moved into his neighbor's old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers. B) Change British people’s negative view of maths C) Help British people understand their paychecks. D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. 4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age. B) The public sees the value of maths in their life. C) British people know how to do elementary calculations D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts. Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. B) He is learning to be a pilot.

完整word版,2018年12月四级真题第一套

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套） Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device. 2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) It lasted more than six hours. B) No injuries were yet reported. C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out. D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived. 4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters. B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall. C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park. D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import. C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply. 6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet. B) It wants to expand its own farming. C) It is afraid of the spread of disease. D) It is worried about unfair competition. 7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices. C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment. Section B Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1

2018年12月四级真题第二套

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse. B) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground. C) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement. D) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire. 2. A) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident. B) He once served in a fire department. C) He was collecting building materials. D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers. B) Change British people’s negative view of maths. C) Help British people understand their paychecks. D) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. 4. A) Children take maths courses at an earlier age. B) The public sees the value of maths in their life. C) British people know how to do elementary calculations. D) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He owns a fleet of aircraft. B) He is learning to be a pilot. C) He regards his royal duties as a burden. D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years. 6. A) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills. B) He can change his focus of attention and relax. C) He can show his difference from other royalty. D) He can come into closer contact with his people. 7. A) They enjoyed his company. B) They liked him in his uniform. C) They rarely recognised him. D) They were surprised to see him. Section B

(完整版)2018年12月英语四级真题及答案

2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案 第一部分写作 2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套) 2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战) 【作文一参考范文】 It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praised by people for its advantages, there are still some disadvantages to be noticed. First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, those involved have to spend a large amount of money on tuition and living expenses, which is not affordable for everyone. In addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for those students who lack the ability of living independently. If they can not take good care of themselves there, their academic performance will be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exercise a negative influence on students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time, which is likely to produce some psychological problems for those students, such as being solitary and gloomy. From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected. What’s more, those students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for these problems mentioned above. Only in this way, can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad. 【参考译文】 众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的选择。虽然出国留学的优点经常被人们称赞，但仍有一些缺点需要注意。 首先，出国留学的费用是昂贵的。具体来说，这些人不得不花费一大笔钱在学费和生活费上，而这并不是每个人都负担得起的。此外，对于那些缺乏独立生活能力的学生来说，出国留学是一个巨大的挑战。如果他们不能照顾好自己，他们的学习成绩将在很大程度上受到影响。最后但并非最不重要，出国留学可能会对学生的心理产生负面影响。众所周知，出国留学等于长时间远离家人和朋友，这很可能使留学生产生一些心理问题，如孤僻和沮丧。 综上所述，我们不难得出以下结论：出国留学的缺点是不能忽视的。更重要的是，那些计划出国留学的学生应该为解决这些问题做好充足的准备。只有这样，他们才能有一个丰富多彩且成功的留学生活。 2018年12月英语四级真题作文:大城市生活的挑战 【作文二参考范文】 Recently the phenomenon of living in a big city has been brought into focus. With the population of dwelling in a big city increasing dramatically for its convenient infrastructure and higher wage level, the challenges have also aroused more and more concerns among the society. First of all, the most obvious problem is the issue of traffic. In a big cities, traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Consequently, a large number of people have to spend much time in commuting. In the second place, with the growth of cars and buses in big cities, air pollution has become another disadvantage, which may do harm to the health of people. Last but not least, people living in a big city tend to endure more pressure of work and life, which may, directly or indirectly, influence their mental health. So what will be the possible tendency of this situation in the following decades? From my