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托福阅读词汇题不丢分

托福阅读词汇题详解

iBT阅读词汇题指的是从语言环境简称语境中理解词汇。语境在这里又称上下文。英

语单词常常是一词多义，词汇题除了考察考生是否具备一定单词量以外，还测试考生在一

定语境下准确理解词义的能力。词汇题是托福阅读考试中出现频率很高的一类题型，每篇

阅读会涉及到4-5个词汇题。因此，阅读要拿高分掌握这类题型的做题方法尤为重要。新

托福的变化在于单词的难度降低，而灵活性却大大增加。新托福更侧重考生的阅读能力，

而不是单纯的考查某一个孤立的语言点。很多考生觉得这个题型在备考中的准备量很大，

需要记很多单词，但在考试时还是有涉及不到的单词。所以在这篇文章中，笔者将着重跟

大家探讨一下词汇题的解题技巧。

词汇题常见题目形式：

The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…

The word/phrase…in the passage means…

The word/phrase… in paragraph…

Refers to… what is…?

或许，很多同学会说我的词汇量非常有限，在考试中遇到这种词汇题，如果不认识就

无计可施，只能靠第六感了。其实，托福阅读中涉及到的词汇题还是有一定的解题规律的，以下将分两种类型进行讲解：

一、熟悉的词汇

当所考词汇是你认识的词时，分两步：直接在所给的四个选项中找出相近词;将选定

的选项代入考察词汇所在的原文语境中，验证是否符合句意，以防止一词多义的情况。

例如：TPO-5中的一篇文章Minerals and Plants中的第二题：

2. The word "exhibit" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. fight off

B. show

C. cause

D. spread

解题过程：这是一道词汇题。所考词汇exhibit是高频词汇，它的基本意思是“展示、显示”。因此，选项B

show是exhibit的同义词;将其代入exhibit所在的语境中进行验证，原句

“Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many

of the symptoms just described.” 可提取主干Plants exhibit

symptoms，将选项B代入即“植物显示症状”符合语境，因此，选项B正确。

二、不认识的词汇

遇到不认识的词汇，千万不要归因于自己词汇量不足，无计可施进而放弃。托福阅读

中的词汇题存在一定的推理规律，这时候要采取以下措施：找到考察词汇所在的句子，寻

找推理线索95%的词汇题都暗含线索，由线索得出的关联信息，分析句意或主干进行推理

判断及排除。

例如：TPO-3中第三篇文章 The Long-term Stability of Ecosystems中的第八题：

8. The word "guarantee" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. increase

B. ensure

C. favor

D. complicate

解题过程：这是一道词汇题。考察词汇guarantee很多学生可能不太认识，这时候千

万不要依靠第六感去猜，要回到原句中，查找线索。原句“Mathematical

models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee

ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact.” 存在两处线索：1.

suggest

that表明…可见此that句为观点结论句;2.

likewise指“也、同样”。由以上两点线索可知：上一句肯定出现过相似的观点结论句，只有这样，此句才会说“同样表明…”。此句的上一句为“In gene ral,

diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability.” 由in

general可知这是典型的结论句，主干为“diversity does not ensure stability.”而考察句的结论为“diversity

does not guarantee ecosystem stability.” 由此推理可得出，选项B正确。

例二：本篇文章中第十题：

10. The word “pales” in the pa ssage is closest in meaning to

A. increases proportionally

B. differs

C. loses significance

D. is common

解题过程：这是一道词汇题。回到原句中，查找线索。原句“The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion

of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in

comparison to the destruction caused by humans.” 存在两处线索：1. for

example表明此句是具体的实例，它的作用通常是用来进一步解释证明作者的观点;2. 由in comparison

to可知：此句存在对比关系，即自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏进行比较。作者的观点句，即前一句为“Ecologists are especially

interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities

because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged

destroyed by human activities.”

由because后半句可知：人类活动造成的破坏极其严重。所以，考察句所举的实例中，自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏相比较，应该是“不如、逊色”这样的负向信息。

因此，选项C中lose同样显示出了减弱、不如的负向信息，因此选项C正确。

如何克服托福阅读的词汇障碍

词汇是英语阅读的基础，犹如建造房屋的砖块，词汇量的多少直接关系到阅读能力的

高低。记单词对于大多数考生而言都会是一件头痛的事，对于托福考试所要求的词汇，光

死记硬背是不够的，应该结合一定的方法，接下来为考生带来一些克服托福阅读词汇障碍

的方法，希望对大家有所帮助。

历年托福阅读真题高频词汇收集整理(5)

历年托福阅读真题高频词汇收集整理(5) Key 关键的important Converted修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣 hire Subsequent后来的 later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛 thrived

Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合 function Sole 的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行 effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向 purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict

托福阅读错题总结

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托福阅读词汇分类技巧(一)

托福阅读词汇分类技巧（一）托福阅读词汇分类技巧（一） https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6d6732621.html,/tuofuyuedu/20141219/329225.html?seo=wenku Example: OG Practice Set 4，question 10

Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn，can lead to aggressive action，but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example， they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not. The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ mistrust ○ misinterpret ○ criticize ○ resent 解析：distort所在的文章句子后出现“ for example”，根据for example 中的内容，我们可以得出distort在此句中的意思为misinterpret。 3. 并列信息 Example: OG Practice Set 5，question 3 Passage 3: …Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized，disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work. The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ prolonged 托福阅读词汇分类技巧（一） https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6d6732621.html,/tuofuyuedu/20141219/329225.html?seo=wenku

历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)

TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious

实例解析托福阅读考试中prose summary题型的解法

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托福阅读高频词汇

A break with 分开a departure from Abundant 丰富的,充裕的plentiful Accelerated 加速increased Accessible易接近的,可靠近的available Accordingly 因此,从而consequently Accordingly 因此for that reason Account for 解释,说明explain Accumulated 积聚,积累built up Acute 敏锐的,剧烈的intense Adequate 充分的,足够的sufficient Adhere 坚持stick Administered 管理managed Adorned 装修decorated Advent 出现,到来arrival Adversely 逆向/反的negatively Aesthetically 美学的,艺术的artistically Affront 侮辱,冒犯insult Agents 动因,代理人causes Aided 帮助的helped Alert 警惕ware Allay 减轻,减少reduce Altered 改变changed Alternative 选择：option Altogether 完全的completely Annihilate 消灭,征服conquer Antecedent 先行的的,先辈predecessor Apace with 快速的,急速的as fast as Appeal 吸引attraction Appealing吸引人的attractive Apply to 应用于used for Appreciated赏识,意识到recognized Aptly 恰当的appropriately Article 物品object Ascribed to 归功于,认为assumed to be true of Assembling 聚集gathering Assortment 种类variety Astounding 惊讶的surprising At any rate 无论如何regardless 不管Attachment to 倾向于preference for Attained 达到,获得achieved Attained 达到,获得achieved Attained 获得reached Attendant 伴随的accompanying Attests to 证明give evidence of Attire 服装clothing Avail themselves 利用make use Barren 贫瘠的：infertile Besides 除此之外in addition to Bias 偏见prejudice Biting 尖锐的sharp Boosted 鼓舞raised Boosted推进raised Bound 系,绑tied Bounds 限制：limits Bring about 引起cause Brittle易碎的,脆弱的easily broken By virtue of 由于because of Calculated 计算,决定determined Came of age 出现了,成名了established itself Came to the forefront 来到最前线/变得很重要became important Carried on 继续continued Carry 承担：support Ceased 停止stop Celestial 天文学的：astronomical Chance 偶然的：unplanned Chronicle 记载,记录,编年史describe Circumscribed 限制restricted Classified 分类categorized Cluster 成群group Coarse 粗糙的crude Coarser 粗糙的rougher Cohesion 凝聚力unity Coincided with 一致,符合happened at the same time Coined 组成,创造：created Comparably 相似地：similarly Compelling 强迫地,又说服力的forceful Components 组成部分parts Concealed 隐藏covered Concentrated 集中：clustered Conclusive 总结性的definitive Concomitant with 同时发生的,与之伴随的in conjunction with Confine 限制restrict Confined 局限：limited Conflicting 对立的：apposing Conjectural 猜测的based on guessing Consciously 有意识地,故意地purposely Consequence 结果result Conserve 维持,保留retain Consist 一致的,协调的constant Consorted 交往associated Conspicuous 明显的noticeable Constant 持续的,一致的consistent Constituents 组成部分components Constituting 组成making up Consumed消耗,吃eaten Consumption 消费,吃eating

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