高中英语语法动词时态与语态

动词的时态与语态

一、一般体

1.一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状

态。所谓一般体，即不表进行，又不表完成

例：We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐（现在的习惯）

He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人（现在的状态）

When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park.

我小时候常去那个公园玩（过去的习惯）

2.一般现在时——客观真理、科学事实

例：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起

3.一般现在时还可以用在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中，由when, before,

until(till), as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中，由no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表示将来（出现will/shall/can/must）或主句是祈使句

例：I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.我一完成工作就跟你走

If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.

如果不阻止城市噪音继续增加的话，20年后人们同在饭桌旁也得大喊着才能被听到。

Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意

4.语境中的一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”例：—come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.皮特，进来。我想给你看点东西—oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.

你真是太好了，我从来没想过你会给我礼物

Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it.

再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我刚才没有听见

练习：用所给词的正确形式填空

—your baby is too thin.(瘦)

—it could gain (获得)weight (重量), but it (not eat) much.

It won’t be long before such a thing (happen) again.

I won’t speak to him unless he (apologize) to me.

The careless driver has just been fined 10 dollars for stopping his car at a sign that (read) “NO PARKING”.（不准停车）

—Nancy is not coming tonight.

—but she (promise).

5.一般将来时的用法

1）.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势

例：Tom will come back next week.汤姆下周回来

Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死

2）.be going to +动词原形——计划、打算要做某事，此外，be going to还可以表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断

例：He is going to speak on TV this evening.他计划今晚在电视上讲话

Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看这乌云，要下雨了

3）be about to +动词原形——立即的将来, 因此该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语从句连用

例：The train is about to start. 火车就要开了

4）有些动词如come, go, stay, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作或状态

例：He comes here tonight.今晚他打算来这儿

I arrive in Beijing at 3:00p.m. tomorrow.我明天下午3点到北京

What are you going to do next week?下周你打算做什么

5）be to+动词原形

表示——“按计划或安排要做的事”

例：When are you to leave for home?你什么时候回家

She is to be married next month. 她将于下个月结婚

The queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time.女王将于一周后访问日本

表示——应该，相当于should, ought to

例：You are to report to the police.你应该报警

What is to be done?应该怎么办呢？

表示——想，打算，相当于intend, want

例：If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.

如果我们要在10点之前到，我们现在就得走

用于第一人称疑问句——表示征求对方意见

例：Am I to go on with the work?要我继续完成这项工作吗？

What are we to do next? 我们下一步该怎么办？

用于否定句——表示禁止，相当于mustn’t

例：The books in this room are not to be taken outside.这个房间里的书不得带出去You are not to smoke in the reading room.你不可以在阅览室里吸烟

表示——可以，可能，相当于may, can

例：The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以再晚报上看到Such people are to be found everywhere.这种人到处都有

She is nowhere to be found.在哪里也找不到她

were to do sth. 用于if或even if/even though从句中，表示——对未来的假设

例：If I were to tell you that I admired him, would you believe me?

要是我告诉你我羡慕他，你会相信吗？

Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing.

即使太阳从西边出来，我也绝不做这种事

be to blame（该受责备，对某件坏事应负责任）与be to let (待出租)两种结构中——用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义

例：Which driver is to blame for the accident?这次事故是哪个司机的责任？

练习：单选填空

We have been looking for the boy all the afternoon but he is nowhere .

A to see

B seeing

C seen

D to be seen

As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, the one that world famous.

A would become

B became

C was to become

D had become

—We just saw John at the bookstore.

—That’s strange. I didn’t think he back until tomorrow.

A will come

B was to come

C is coming

D is to come

If the sun tomorrow, what would we do?

A were not to raise

B does not rise

C would not rise

D were not to rise

Look at these clouds. .

A It’s going to rain

B It’s raining

C It is to rain

D It can ran

Why do you think for the failure of their marriage？

A to blame

B to be blame

C is to blame

D is to be blamed

二、进行体

1.一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体例：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

我弟弟骑自行时从车子上掉了下来，伤了自己

The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.

同学们忙着写作，这时布朗老师去取他忘在办公室里的书

Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.当没人注意的时候，汤姆溜进了屋子The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.

那位记者说，当他看到那个不明飞行物时，它正在自东向西飞行

2.表示动作的未完性、暂时性

—have you moved into the new house？你搬进新房了吗？

—not yet. The rooms are being painted.还没呢，房间还在粉刷呢（未完）

Idon’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.

我不在这儿上班，我只是来帮忙的，直到新秘书来了（我就走）(暂时性)

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易的事，因为技术变化太快（变化尚未完成）3.表示计划、安排要做的事

例：I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my Mum.

我获得了一次去福罗里达度家两天的机会，我计划带着我妈妈去（计划）

4.表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况

例：—Is this coat yours?这是你的外套吗？

—No, mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在门后挂着

I first met lily 3 years ago. She was working at a clothes shop at the time.

3年前我第一次遇到了丽丽，当时她正在服装店工作

5.表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,

continually, constantly连用

例：He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人

He is always making the same mistake.他总是犯同样的错误

练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空

You always (watch) TV. Why not do something unusual.

Listen! The couple (quarrel吵架) in the room.

—you’re drinking too much.

—only at home, no one (see) me but you.

—watch!

—I (watch) but I anything unusual.

三、完成体

1.现在完成时

1）一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately, recently, in the last/past few days/yeas(在过去的这几天/年里)，since then, up to now, so far(至今)

例：in the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.

过去几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化

He has been busy writing a book recently.最近他一直在忙着写书

He has written 8 books so far.到现在为止，他一共写了8本书

2）一件发生在过去的事情对现在缠身的影响，注意这时说话者的重心在过去的事情对现在的影响。常用的状语有：already, just(刚刚), yet, never, before等

例：He has turned off the light.(= the light is off now.)他关掉了灯

The concert has started. (=the concert is on now.)音乐会开始了

I have already seen the film. (=I know the film now.)我看过那部电影了

3）This /It is the first/ second…..time+ that从句。That 从句的谓语要用现在完成时

例：This is my first time (that ) I have come here.这是我第一次来这里

4）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间以前完成的动作

例：I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.

除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的

I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.我干完了工作就和你一起去

5）瞬间动词又叫做非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动的否定式可以接表示一段时间的状语

例：He has come to Beijing since last year. He has joined the army for 3 years.

He has lived in Beijing since last year. He has served in the army for 3 years.

He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years.

It is 3 years since he joined the army. He has joined the army.

常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to/ reach/ arrive at/in, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/ take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump等

练习：句型转换

He left his office 3 hours ago.

He from his office for 3 hours.

It 3 hours since he left his office.

He has been dead for 4 years.

He ago.

It is he died.

2.过去完成时

1）一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先与它发生（表过去的过去），那么发生在前的事情的动词必须用过去完成时。时间状语可以用before…等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示

例：She had learned some English before she came to the institute(学院).

她在来学院前已经学过一些英语

He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他说他在国外待了三年

2）表示从过去的某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then, by that time, until, by the end of, before 2000, by the time+句子等

例：By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知

3）hardly/scarcely/rarely/ had….when… ; no sooner had… done…than… ; when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，切用倒装，表示刚刚…就…

例：Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when( than) the rain poured down.

我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下

Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre.我们刚刚才开动，汽车的轮胎就漏气了

4）It was/had been+ 一段时间+since从句。Since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时

例：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.

我们十年没这么高兴了

5）That/It/This was the first/second…time +that从句。That 从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时

例：It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了That was the first time that I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考试及格

6）表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图

例：I had hoped to see more of shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看（但未能如愿）

I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.

我本想帮你的，但当时确实太忙了

I had thought you would come tomorrow.我原以为你明天才来呢

三、将来完成时

将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状元为“by+将来的某个时间”

例：By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.

到明年这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了

四、完成进行体

现在完成进行时，表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。完成进行体是完成体和进行体的一些因素，如：它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点

例：He has been learning English for 6 years.他学英语已经6年了

（从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学）

It has been raining for 3 days.已经下了三天雨了（强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩）练习：用所给词的适当形式填空

Helen (leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband (come) home.

I (hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning, but I found nobody left in the room.

We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July, and by then we (walk) for six weeks.

By the time you arrive in New York, you will (away) for two weeks.

——Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?

—No, but we (try) to get in touch with them ever since.

高中英语语法必背100句

高中英语语法必背100句 时态语态 1. It has been raining in the past three weeks.完成时间状语 过去三周一直在下雨。 2. He was writing a book last year. but I don't know whether he has finished it. 过去进行时现在完成时 他去年在写一本书，我不知道他完成了没。 3. The plane is arriving in 5 minutes. 进行时态表将来 飞机将十5分钟之后到达。 4. I had meant to come here，but I was too busy then. 过去完成时 我本来打算来这儿的，但是当时太忙了。 5. If he comes today, I won't go. If引导条件状从，遵循”主将从现"原则今天如果他会来，我将不走。 6. He studied in Shanghai for 3 years. and then he has lived in Beijing till now/since then/ever since. 一般过去时，完成时 他在上海读了三年书。然后就一直住在北。 7. I will have written 200 poems by the end of next term. 将来完成时到下学期末为止，我将写完200首诗。 8. He is afraid of being laughed at.被动中的介词不省略 他害怕人嘲笑。 9. The workers get paid by the month. get+done表被动 这些工人按月发工资。 10. His theory proved (to be) true. 系动词省略 他的理论被证实是对的。 11. This book sells well and is worth reading. Besides, it is easy to understand.主动表被动

高中英语语法(时态和语态)

高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一．动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一）一般现在时（do / does） 1．具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 （二）一般过去时( did ) （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. （三）一般将来时( will / shall do) 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式： *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。例如： The meeting begins at seven.

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

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