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00830现代语言学201201历年真题及答案

2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

现代语言学试题

课程代码：00830

考生答题注意事项：

1.本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷和草稿纸上的无效。

2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one

of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1. Language users can send messages which no one else has ever sent before, which results from ________of language.

A. displacement

B. productivity

C. arbitrariness

D. universality

2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants [1] and [r] are classified as ________.

A. liquids

B. affricates

C. stops

D. fricatives

3. The morpheme “-al” in the common word “literal” is a(n) _______.

A. root

B. derivational affix

C. inflectional affix

D. free morpheme

4. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, __________.

A. CP, NP, VP and PP

B. NP, VP, PP and IP

C. CP, IP, NP and NP

D. NP, VP, PP and AP

5. The sense relation between “flower” and “lily” is_______.

A. antonymy

B. homonymy

C. polysemy

D. hyponymy

6. In the following dialogue, which maxim under CP is violated when the conversational implicature occurs?

—What did your sister buy in the Department Store?

—She bought a red dress, she bought a green dress, and she bought a blue dress.

A. Quantity.

B. Quality.

C. Relation.

D. Manner.

7. All the following words except ________ are the examples which can be used to illustrate semantic broadening.

A. “deer”

B. “tail”

C. “bird”

D. “holiday”

8.________is a casual use of language that consists of expressive but nonstandard vocabulary, typically of arbitrary, flashy and often ephemeral coinages and figures of speech.

A. Register

B. Slang

C. Address term

D. Taboo

9. When we listen, the word is heard and comprehended via the _________ area.

A. motor

B. Broca's

C. Wernicke's

D. angular gyrus

10. Apart from the genetic predisposition for language acquisition, language

_________is necessary for successful language acquisition.

A. input and interaction

B. instruction

C. correction and reinforcement

D. imitation

Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following; statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given ( 1% X10=10% )

11. P __________ is a branch of linguistic study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication.

12. The consonant [p] is pronounced differently in the two words pit and spit. In the word pit, the sound [p] is a ______________ .

13. Some morphemes are words such as help, table and room, which are independent units of meaning and can be used independently. They are called f_________ morphemes.

14. Linguistic elements are arranged in a particular order to make a string of words not only meaningful but also l_________ -and hierarchically-structured.

15. In predication analysis, a p _________is something said about an argument or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence.

16. Among the views concerning the study of meaning, contextualism holds that meaning

can be derived from or reduced to observable c _________ in which language is used.

17. Language change is largely a process of balancing between the simplification and the e_________ of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the need to maintain commnunicative clarity.

18. In sociolinguistics, i_________ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.

19. Whorf proposed that all higher levels of thinking are dependent on l_________.

20. In second language leaning, instrumental motivation occurs when the learner's goal is functional, and i_________ motivation occurs when the learner's goal is social.

Ⅲ. Directions : Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.

Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

If you think a statement is false’ you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version ( 2% ×10=20% )

21. Modern linguistics, i.e., linguistic study carried out in the 20th century, is mostly prescriptive.

22. In English classification of vowels, [α:] is a low back rounded vowel.

23. How a compound is written is simply a matter of convention, which should be respected as it always is.

24. The Adjacency Condition on Case assignment states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.

25. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; and it is abstract and de-contextualized.

26. According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts, to ask someone to pass a book is a directive, and to advise someone to watch less TV is not a directive.

27. Although language change is universal, inevitable, and sometimes vigorous, it is not an overnight occurrence, but a gradual and constant process, particularly the changes in the syntactic systems.

28. The standardization of a particular dialect such as standard English and Putonghua in relation to one or more vernaculars is not necessarily the result of

a deliberate governmental policy, but of a historical and cultural tradition.

29. As language and thought may blend together as “verbal thought” and “inner speech,” we cannot think without language while we cannot speak without thinking.

30. Children's grammar develops gradually until it becomes exactly the adult's

grammar.

IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31. arbitrariness

32. minimal pair

33. inflectional affixes

34. X-bar theory

35. selectional restrictions

36. illocutionary act

37. clipping

38. situational dialects

39. the critical period for language acquisition

40. negative transfer

V . Directions: Answer the following questions. ( 10% X2=20% )

41. The basic form of English negative prefix in- is [in-], as in inaccurate and insecure. In impossible, [n] is changed to match the place of articulation of its following stop [p]. In illiterate, [n] becomes identical to its following [1]. Which phonological rule does this example illustrate? Please define the rule and give one more example.

42. One of the important missions of historical linguistics is to reconstruct the protolanguage. Please explain what the protolanguage is and how historical linguists reconstruct it.

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福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案一本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点 1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves. 2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition. 3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7616194543.html,nguage is entirely arbitrary. 6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7616194543.html,pounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words. 8.All utterances take the form of sentences. 9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech. 10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.