现代语言学测试题两套(含答案)

试卷A

Ⅰ.Multiple Choice

Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet”: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”well illustrates _______.（）

A.the conventional nature of language

B.the creative nature of language

C.the universality of language

D.the big difference between human language and animal communication

2.Of the following sound combinations，only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.（）

A.kibl

B.bkil

C.ilkb

D.ilbk

3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。（）

A.hierarchical

B.linear

C.tree diagram

D.vertical

4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.（）

A.Case Condition

B.parameter

C.Adjacent Condition

D.Adjacent Parameter

5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A.phoneme

B.word

C.phrase

D.sentence

6.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.（）

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,misives

B.directives

C.expressives

D.declaratives

7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A.synchronic

B.diachronic

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,parative

D.historical comparative

8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.

A.title+first name

B.title+title

C.title alone

D.first name+last name+title

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,nguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other，we may regard thought as “subvocal speech，”and speech as “_______”。（）

A.vocal thought

B.subvocal thought

C.covert thought

D.overt thought

10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition _______.（）

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,nguage acquisition is a process of habit formation

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,nguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings

C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language

D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use

Ⅱ.Blank Filling

Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)

11.In the course of time，the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies，such as sociology and psychology.

12.Clear ［1］and dark［?］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations，thus they are said to be in c________ distribution.

13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word，but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear，definite meaning.

14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses，one of which is incorporated in the other.

15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ antonyms.

16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized，that of an u________ is concrete and context-dependent.17. Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example，

Modern English verb ask was Old English askian，with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________.18.In many societies of the world，we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies，b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.19.The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________，which is specific to human beings.20.In order to acquire a second language，learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t________.

Ⅲ.True of False question

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. I (2%×10=20%)

21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.

（）22.In English，long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i：/，the larynx is in a state of tension.

（）23.A compound is the combination of only two words.

（）24.“The student”in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”，and “The linguistic lecture”in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category.

（）25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.

（）26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition，unlike entailment，is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.

（）27.The division of English into Old English，Middle English，and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.

（）https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,nguage reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist，just as it is not obscene；but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.

（）29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment，he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.

（）30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language，they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.

Ⅳ.Definition

Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples if necessary.

(3%×10=30%)

31.cultural transmission （as a design feature of human language）32.phonic medium of language33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemesn35.reference36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect39.registers40.acculturation

Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)

41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples.

42.Describe the process of language perception，comprehension and production.

试卷A参考答案

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.D

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.D 10.A

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,plementary16.utterance17.metathesis18.bilingualism

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,teralization 20.transfer

三、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

21.F 22.T 23.F24.T 25.F26.T 27.F 28.T 29.T 30 F

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）

31.One of the major defining features of human language. Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language，but

different from animals，the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted，rather it is culturally transmitted，

i.e.it has to be taught and learnt.

32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication，i.e.the speech sounds. V oicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds. It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.

34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories，such as-ed，-（e）s ，-est in English.

35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world；it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality. For example ，if we say，“The dog is barking，”we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation. The actual dog the word “dog”refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”。360(36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words，phrases，and clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax，lexicon and phonology. For example，by saying “You have left the door wide open”，the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean.

37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist. The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages.

m38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language，often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation，such as racial discrimination or segregation.

39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations，in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason，registers are also known as situational dialects.

40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community.

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

41.In addition to revealing a linear order，a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent，and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements.

For example，the phrase “the old men and women”may have two interpretations，i.e. the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men”，or the following two nouns “men and women”。Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference，so it is ambiguous. Whereas，the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear. So，we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.(NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women

42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis，language use in terms of perception，comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers. When we speak，words are drawn from Wernicke’s area and transferred to Broca’s area，which determines the details of their form and pronunciation. The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear something and try to comprehend it，t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke‘s area，where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image，a message is sent to the angular gyrus，where it is converted into a visual pattern.

试卷B

Ⅰ.Multiple Choice

Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( )

A.gradable opposites

B.relational opposites

C.co-hyponyms

D.synonyms

2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )

A.Jacob Grimm

B.Rasmus Rask

C.Franz Bopp

D.Sir William Jones

3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )

A.unusual

B.something to be feared

C.abnormal

D.natural

4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )

A.Broca's aphasic

B.The linguistic deprivation

C.The damage on the angular gyrus

D.Wernicke's aphasic

5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: .( )

A.They cannot pronounce/n/

B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue

C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method

D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds

6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )

A.a polysemous

B.a synonymous

C.an abnormal

D.a multiple

7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.( )

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,rmative

B.phatic

C.directive

D.performative

8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,age

B.grammar

C.pronunciation

D.structure

9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )

A.Linguistic geography

B.Lexicology

C.Lexicography

D.Sociolinguistics

10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

Ⅱ.Blank Filling

Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)

11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement,q________or command.

12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s__g________.

13.Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.

14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a ________,one who can speak several languages fluently.

15.Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v__,while all vowel sounds are v________.

Ⅲ.True of False question

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. I (2%×10=20%)

16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )

17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )

18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )

19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )

20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )

21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )

22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。( )

23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( )

24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )

25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )

Ⅳ.Definition

Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples if necessary.

(3%×10=30%)

26.general linguistics27.suprasegmental features28.root and stem29.hierarchical structure30.naming theory and conceptualist view31.maxims of quality and manner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech

35.contrastive analysis

Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)

36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.

(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.

(2)He saw young men and women present.

(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.

37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.

re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age

试卷B参考答案

一、单项选择题(每小题2分，共20分)

1.B

2.D

3.D

4.D

5.B

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.A 10.B

二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)

11.words question 12.social groups13.sentence meaning14.polyglot15.voiceless voiced voiced

三、判断题(每小题2分，共20分)

16.T 17.F(Sense and reference…) 18.F(scientific study of language) 19.F(finite verb…) 20.F(diachronic) 21.F(no value judgement) 22.T 23.T 24.F(morpheme) 25.F(one of the parts)

四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)

26.The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.

27.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments.

28.The base form of a word;the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.

29.The sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic categories of each structural constituent,such as NP and VP.

30.The words of a language are labels of the objects they stand for;a linguistic form is linked through concepts to what it refers to.

31.Do not say what you believe to be false or without adequate evident;Avoid obscurity of expression and ambiguity,be brief and orderly.

32.A process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words.

33.A variety of languages used by a social class.

34.Thought when it is close to language.

35.A comparative procedure to establish linguistic differences between languages for teaching purposes.

五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)

36.(1)the hunters are shooting;the hunters are shot;

(2)young men and young women;young men and (not young) women

(3)the president appoints others;the president is appointed.

37.re-:again,e.g.retype,reorganize

un-:not,reverse,e.g.unhappy,unlock

anti-:against,anti-drug,anti-imperialism

super-greater than usual,e.g.superpower,superman

-wise:in the manner of,e.g.clockwise,moneywise -itis:infection.e.g.bronchitis,arthritis

-ize:make into,e.g.realize,modernize

-age:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/762041215.html,eage,linkage

最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析.docx

全国 2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2%×10=20% ) 1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. () A. system B. structure C. competence D. performance 2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. () A. larynx B. hard palate C. glottis D. vocal cords 3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. () A. two roots B. a root and a prefix C. a root and a suffix D. a root and a free morpheme 4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules,which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP→ ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).) A. phrases B. clauses C. sentences D. constituents 5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the“ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed by ______. () A. Plato B. Ogden and Richards C. John Firth D. Bloomfield 6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. () 1

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D . 小姑娘把水倒在手掌里让小狗舔喝，说明她是个不懂事的孩子。 6 . 下面词语中只有一个搭配不当，把它选出来（）。 A . 吩咐明白 B . 疾病严重 C . 瘦弱的声音 D . 垂下的手 7 . 下面名著中的人物和情节搭配不正确的一项是（） A . 诸葛亮——七擒孟获（《三国演义》） B . 鲁智深——倒拔垂杨柳（《水浒传》） C . 格列佛——游历飞岛国（《格列佛游记》） D . 猪八戒——大战二郎神（《西游记》） 8 . 将下列陈述句改成反问句。 ①小朋友出来了。 ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________ ②他们戴着五颜六色的帽子。 ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________ 9 . 下列句子中划线成语使用不恰当的一项是（） A .“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄”是千百年来脍炙人口的名句。 B . 他一再错失良机，终究一事无成。 C . 山里的天气变化莫测，一会儿阳光灿烂，一会儿大雨倾盆。 D . 这位老师知识渊博，经常在课堂上夸夸其谈。

现代语言学自考历年真题

全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______. A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called ______, e.g., caretake from caretaker. A. back-formation B. clipping C. blending D. abbreviating 8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently ______ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man. A. important B. unusual C. pejorative D. commendatory 9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human ______. （） A. brain B. vocal cords C. tongue D. articulatory organs 10. In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （） A. prelinguistic B. one-word C. two-word D. multi-word Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% ) 11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study. 12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. 13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology. 14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker’s system of i linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence. 15. Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r opposites. 16. Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m , but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.