【TPO小站】高分托福听力笔记,

听力笔记

OG指：新托福考试官方指南

The Official Guide to the New TOEFL iBT

Delta教程指：新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题---Delta（蓝皮）Delta's Key to Next Generation TOEFL Test

Longman指：新托福考试综合教程---Longman（绿皮）Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: Next Generation (iBT) Barron指：新托福考试全真模考题与精解---Barron（紫皮）Barron's TOEFL iBT 2006-2007

Kaplan指：TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM

第一部分复习概述

概述

1. 基础练习：做一个月左右旧托福真题（00-05），事先不看选项，一遍听懂做题

2. 训练方法：听写旧托福part A前10题（5个/组，听写/补充/检查；40分钟听，20分钟写），解决注意力及语意问题。ibt是旧托福的延续，其相同点：常考问题，出题思路，常考主题，所听声音

3. 听写只解决起步问题：多做题；跟读磁带，解决语音培训语速问题；不鼓励听写段落；

4. 专业段落：高频专业词汇的扩充（补充讲义的词汇）；背景知识的扩充（Discovery或BBC，天文地理及生物考古类）；长对话怎么准备：熟悉重点话题（校园生活）；适当看校园题材电影

5. 记笔记能力的训练：常考什么；记什么（概念的定义/列举程序或步骤/优缺点/列举名词性细节）

准备五件事

1. 简明美国历史（英文版，100多页即可），补充文科背景；

2. 美国地图册（著名自然景区及人文景观），注意说明性文字；

3. 百科全书（美国发明，日常生活类）

4. 专业词汇（综合教程+补充讲义）

5. 背景知识互通（阅读部分和听力部分）

另：办一张具有美金支付能力的国际信用卡（申请费及预付费）

复习四阶段

1. 基础练习：（1-1.5月）：旧托福95-04年真题；

2. 分项练习：（1个月）：针对新托福各主要题型进行skill练习；

3. 套题练习：（1个月）：按照套题模式进行，mini-test,complete test训练

4. 综合练习：（1个月）：充分利用网络，整套模考＋机经＋少量引进版其他题目（Kaplan, Barron）每天练习时间

1. 精听（做题）1个小时，精确理解意思，以真题为主；泛听（感觉）1个小时，大概理解意思，泛听各种美音材料为主。

2. 听力做题准确率受时间段影响（上午9-10点；晚上8-10点）

3. 考试：总时间一样，可自己调控每道题时间（17道题/section，平均30s/题）

4. 图片（专业类）：显示接下去要说什么或重要的生词及概念，如重要生词显示（地图，小黑板，笔记本上的图案，饼状／柱状图，某物的图片）

复习使用教材

1. 第1个月longman(绿皮)听力，口语部分&Delta阅读，写作部分（打基础）

2. 第2个月，longman阅读，写作部分&Delta 听力，口语部分（做强化）

3. OG的题要练（放在两个月之间），注意阅读分析性文字

4. 听力练习的量和强度都很重要，三本书最好都做一遍

精听材料

1. 国外出版的新托福模考题及光盘

难度：旧托福

a) Longman新托福考试综合教程:阅读/写作部分不错；听力/口语部分比较简单，适合做基础

练习，（八张CD,一张模考盘）绿色封皮（蓝色封面的不好）

b) Delta: 听力/口语部分贴近考试难度；阅读/写作较简单

c) Kaplan:比Delta难度要高

2. 国内出版社自行编写的模考题一律不用

3. 充分利用网络资源

4. Discovery光盘（几个理科重点专题：地理、天文、生物）

5. 补充：Step by step 听力入门第三册（题型多样，题材多样，声音多样，偏难）Listen to this 泛听材料

1. 原文电影录音：反复听，直到每句都听懂为止

2. 原文电视剧(如: friends): 锻炼的是快速反应能力，补充口语/听力习语

3. 广播：VOA多听非新闻类节目

4. 其他：用好一本书很重要

a) 英文歌（情歌、慢歌为主，不听说唱，听写歌词；锻炼的是对音变的敏感）

b) CNN, CBS, NBC等国外电视台talk-show节目：疯狂提高听力的快速反应能力及对各种声音的适应

c) CCTV news等国内英语节目：听女不听男

d) Crazy English等有声英语材料:题材广泛，可选择

e) Family Album USA（走遍美国）：很好的口语教材，做听力稍简单

f) 新概念英语第三册美音版

附：八部听力入门级电影：（使用脚本）（文艺片和校园片适合练口语）

Tom Hanks: Forrest Gump, Sleepless in Seattle, Philadelphia

Julia Roberts: Pretty woman, My Best Friend’s Wedding, Erin Brockovich

Meg Ryan: The City of Angel, You’re Got Mail

听力词汇要求

1. 少背生僻习语，尤其是俚语；旧托福part A部分那些较难的习语在新托福中都不会出现（有利）

2. 旧托福part B&C部分考的词汇在新托福中绝大部分都会重新出现（必背）

3. 记忆段落专业词汇原则：记声音，记意思，不记拼写

4. 多背各个学科门类的名称，少背某种具体生物或矿物的名称

5. 阅读段落分类词汇和听力段落分类词汇互通

5. 头尾部分题目较集中

听力段落复习六步走

1. 闭着眼睛盲听一遍（主要听文章主题）

2. 再听一遍的时候做题（主要抓细节）

3. 分析比较选项（正确选项信号词＋错误选项类型）

4. 标选答案看着听（记考点及其前后的句型短语）

5. 闭着眼再盲听一遍（听考点附近的语气表达）

6. 晨读时跟读段落

听力提高的八重境界

1. 日常交流——与老外交流＋利用课外兼职机会＋借鉴电影对话

2. 专业材料——加强泛听＋discovery＋注意主题把握/知识背景/高频词汇

3. 语速问题——材料由慢到快、英美结合

4. 听力考试——用更难的考试材料去覆盖

5. 口音问题——多听听不同国家人说英语

6. 文化背景——了解老美兴趣点＋多琢磨

7. 交替传译——各类基本词汇＋专业联系《实用口译手册》－钟述孔

8. 同声传译——快速强记＋现场快速反应＋预测及纠错能力

考试段落长度/语速/词汇问题

1. 长度与OG较接近，语速快于longman，比Delta稍慢

2. 考试界面与longman模考光盘接近

3. 加试（9个段子）时，到第7，8个段子是体力的临界点

4. 语速／音变问题出现的很少，重点词汇段中有解释，会在屏幕上显示

第二部分高频主题总结

新TOEFL听力非专业长对话高频主题

1. 询问作业

a) 澄清作业具体要求b) 作业具体要求,步骤,先后顺序等问题

c) 学生对完成作业难易度的判断

2. 询问课程

a) 学生咨询选课计划,选多少,选哪些,及如何满足某些课的特殊要求

b) 教授对学生选课计划的担忧c) 教授对学生选课的建议d) 该课程最终得分情况

3. 询问论文

a) 对话目的- 确定论题, 选定题目有困难b) 讨论论文得分及被教授指出优缺点

c) 论文进度及教授的具体要求d) 请求延期

4. 询问考试

a) 关于考试建议,复习建议b)分数讨论,过低如何补救c) 大小测验占总成绩比重(出勤率及课堂参与度) d) 成绩单出现的问题(出错/更改)

5. 询问申请奖学金/实习机会

a) 需要提供的材料b) 需要经历的程序c) 需要具备的资历d) 可能性判断(最后)

to stand a big chance of doing sth, the possibility/chance is slim

6. 图书馆场景

a) 还书是否及时overdue, duedate

b) 是否罚款fine, check out(付帐后离开), limited load, reserved book, reference book,

c) 借书时困难的解决put an hold on the book(预约借书)

d) 还书时发生误会（由于重名所致）

Times, Newsweek, Reader's Digest, News and World Report

7. 询问/讨论学生宿舍事宜

a) 住校内/校外live on/off campus b) 室友相处问题(roommate, neat, considerate)

8. 请求类

请假/请求作业延期/请求缓考/请求退课

a) 理由是否合理b) 具体解决办法c) 教授态度/合作程度

9. 讨论学校各种规章制度

喜好,倾向性意见(对口语第三题同样适用)

10. 讨论选校/转学问题

a) 学校名气reputation (public U/private U/community college)

b) 班级大小class size (individual/personal attention)

c) 学费高低tuition (affordable or not)

d) 教师质量faculty (courses taught by profs or TAs)

e) 学校位置location (large city/small town)

f) 能否拔尖top students (Big fish in a small pond/Small fish in a big pond)

11. 评价教授/课程的好坏

a) 总结评价好坏的词汇表达(见讲义P18)by all means=certainly; by no means=not at all; anything but=not at all; nothing but=very; nothing short of =full of

b) 注意听好语气

12. 讨论假期计划

a) 探访目的b) 对目的地的了解和信息来源c) 行前准备：机票、房间和行程换否

book, reserve, confirm, switch, cancel

13. 讨论兴趣爱好及体育活动

a) 爱好hobby-not for money but for fun, sports-not for race but for exercise, relax, enjoy

b) 学习/从事的难度及费用c) 对学习的影响（段落的头尾）

14. 讨论活动安排

时间,地点,分工,优先度等问题（口语第五题同样适用）

15. 校园设施使用问题

时间,费用,要求,预约问题（口语第三题同样适用）

16. 打工及实习问题

a) 打工职责、感受和前景b) 三大要素：时间hour、工资salary和经验experience

c) 打工/实习时间与上课的时间是否冲突以及如何协调

d) 为了积累工作经验而打工/实习，会牺牲时间和待遇

e) 写推荐信recommendation letter

新TOEFL听力专业段落高频话题总结

1. 美国地理之最

要点：在美位置，形成过程和主要特点

1) 五大湖(the Great Lakes)及其最大湖Superior Lake和尼亚加拉大瀑布(Niagara Falls)

2) 黄石国家森林公园(the Yellow Stone National Park) 3) 大峡谷(the Grand Canyon) 4) 圣海伦斯火山(Mount St. Helens) 5) 密西西比河(the Mississippi River)

6) 大盐湖(the Great Salt Lakes) 7) 阿拉斯加(Alaska) 8) 洛基山脉(Rocky MT)

2. 生物学

要点：种属，举例及特点

1) 北美大陆特有的动植物(如秃鹫，红杉等)

2) 某种生物的特点及应用(原产于美国的品种或引进到美国的变种)

3) 濒危动植物的保护(造成濒危的原因及保护措施)

3. 天文学（难点）

1) 行星,恒星,小行星,慧星,星系的形成,构造,演变等内容

2) 观测手段的进步/宇航装备的研究3) 美国值得骄傲的航天成就

4. 环境及自然灾害（热点）

要点：多起因、其结果和可预测性

1) 美国本土的一些特殊地貌及自然景观2) 北美地区发生的最大灾害，如火山、地震、血崩、海啸等，介绍举例(火山：P226/6-10; 雪崩：P275/2-5; 海啸：P226/6-10)

3) 海岸线侵蚀, 河流泥沙沉积等问题4) 防灾措施及预警

5. 气象学（最新热点）

要点：起因、结果和危害分析

1) 风、雨、云等自然现象的形成和分类

2) 影响美国的主要天气现象(龙卷风,飓风等)及其预报

6. 各个学科最重要的概念

要点：解释概念、生动举例和观点评述

如光合作用，能量守恒，板块构造，厄尔尼诺，温室效应，适者生存，通货膨胀

7.发明史（近期少考）

要点：主要谈兴起原因和主要特点

1) 年代不是很近的日常生活类发明,尤其是起推动作用的发明2) 多为美国人发明/发现

3) 段落开头谈因何兴起,段落中间谈主要特点,段落结尾谈被谁替代

8. 新技术和新产品

1) 主题topic 2) 最大优点advantage 3) 使用特点usage 4) 有何缺点disadvantage 5) 推广问题(环保性/经济性) environmental-friendly, ecnomical to mass produce

9. 历史（热点）

要点：注意重大事件及代表性人物

1) 独立战争重大事件新英格兰地区13州2) 南北战争重大事件南北军统帅及其贡献

3) 开发西部4) 大萧条及后来采取的重振措施

9. 美国政治/政府

1) 议会制度(常识性介绍) 2) 选举制度(常识性介绍) 3) 政治家生平

10. 著名历史人物(绝对热点)

要点：主要贡献，重要事件，主要作品归类/比较/风格分析，后人评价

政治领袖/著名作家/杰出艺术家

杰出总统(开国/二战)主要贡献，任期大事：G. Washington(1), J. Adams(2), T. Jefferson(3), James Monroe(5), A. Lincoln(16), Theodore Roosevelt(26), Franklin Roosevelt(32)

著名作家：Walt Whitman, Mark Twain, Ernst Hemingway, Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加·爱伦·坡), Nathaniel Hawthorne(霍桑)

艺术家：DW Griffith(格丽菲斯，默片时代美国电影之父)，Matthey Brady(内战时期著名战地摄影师)，George Gershwin(格什温，20世纪最著名的美国作曲家)

11. 考古学/人类学

要点：由考古发现引出重要科学结论，并介绍权威性

北美土著居民历史/生活习惯的考察研究（印第安人）

12.艺术史（内地热点）

要点：发展过程中重大事件及重要代表人物

谈某艺术分支在美国的发展历史（舞蹈/摄影/雕刻/音乐/民间艺术）

第三部分题型与考点

一、题型

1. 目的题

；总结常引导出目的的句型：I was wondering if you could…/ I would like to do…./ Do you…

2. 主题题

的观点/总结性内容。

；问答式提出（较常见）；全篇大意推导（较少，要抓重复概念）

听好开头，抓典型主题句：Today, we are going to talk about…/ I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing./ Let’s focus on…/ Let’s now take a look at..

Topic选项可能为整句也可能为名词性结构，而如果为名词性结构，多会包含一些带Summary 含义的词,如：history, development, early history/development, background information,

growth, origin, features, characteristics, invention, creation, innovation, evolution, era, trend, comparison, classification等；典型结构：the + 信号词+of + sth.

哪一类（too general/too specific/inaccurate/irrelevant）

3. 重听回答类型题：

提问说话原因，说话人态度；对语气词的分功能总结，满意度／难易度判断，升降调的把握。

可能会涉及少量习语，注意把握态度／倾向性的短语归类总结。

a) 说话目的：注意总结老师／学生常用套话；Delta教程P235 第5项（易出现在选项中的结构）

b) 说话人的态度：总结表达肯定／否定／不确定等的语气词／短语；总结选项中常出现的表情绪的用词

●选项中表情绪／态度的用词：doubtful/skeptical/incredulous; disturbed/annoyed; indifferent; enthusiastic/fascinated/interested; uncertain; angry/upset/disappointed

●否定系列：“答句中”不以为然地与其表示否定/不同意见的常用表达：

●It’s just a fad/folklore/rumor; He is only trying to help; What’s the big deal? No big deal; Hold on/ just relax/ be patient

●糟糕，健忘系列：Woops! Whoops!/ Uh-uh/ Oh, no!/ Oh, dear!/ I was supposed to do sth/ Oh, shoot(由shit演变过来)

●遗憾系列：What a shame!/ That’s too bad!/ I’m sorry to hear that!/Tough luck!

●赞美系列：Fabulous=Fab; Magnificent=Magnif; Glamorous=Glam; Excellent; Terrific; Awesome; Amazing; Fantastic; Incredible; Outstanding; Superb; Charming; Good job;

●针对教授说的：Fascinating; Catching; Instructive; Stimulating Thought-provoking;

●吃惊系列：Gee! Jesus! My dear! Boy! Jesus Christ! Man! Oh, my God! Gosh! Oh, my! What! Dear me!

●委婉拒绝系列：Sounds great, but…/ Sounds like fun, but…/ That’s tempting, but…/ I wish I could, but…/ I’d love to, but…/ I’d really like to, but…/ I would (if I could),

but…/ I meant to, but…/ I have been meaning to (do sth), but…/ I should have, but…4. 表格题

难度排序由难到易：是非型>排序型>配对型；频率排列由多到少：配对型>是非型>排序型

No的选项。

1). 配对型表格题：重要信息对号入座，侧重于考察多个时间、地点、人物、事件的对应／段落中主要论点下的各分支及各分支定义／主要特点

2). 是非型表格题：侧重于考察哪些信息提到／没提到（注意记录文中列举的主要观点／举例）

3). 排序型表格题：侧重于考察对过程／步骤地把握（注意提示词：first, then last, finally）5. 细节题／双项选择题

/结果，举例引导词（如：such as, including, like, namely, to name a few）

1. 两个原因，段落前后各一个，遥相呼应，注意: the first, the other

2. 连续列举多个细节时，抓住被修饰的词

6. 态度题

Yes/No判断，需要引申

/语气词，凭直觉判断（单个形容词来表示某种行为的评价，注意对单个词的总结，可出重听回答题。）

7. 结论题

8. 图片题（很少）

注意段落中间的描述性文字，如：大小，方向，方位

二、考点

1. 段落题语气做题法－要点

●语速降低处多有考点――引出总结

●细微停顿后多有考点――引出观点或强调要点

●老师的指令有明显语气特征：please remember…, notice tha…t, please bear in mind tha…t, pay special attention to…

●单词重读处多有考点――引出或反驳观点的动词argue/doubt；形容词／副词最高级；转折词：but, however, unfortunately, on the contrary; 程度副词：mostly, mainly, completely, extremely

●师生间表达态度或倾向性意见时往往有明显语气特征：赞赏／否定／怀疑／不确定

●回答时如有明显升调要特别留意（升调多偏怀疑或否定）

●不断重复的词或概念多与主题有密切关系，重读

2. 段落中提到的建议必出考点：

建议：Why don’t you do sth/ You’d better do sht/ be better off doing/ How about…?/ What about…?/ You might do sth?/ You might want to do sth/ You should do sth/ It couldn’t hurt to do sth （表肯定：为什么呢？Why not?；表否定：何必呢，何苦呢Why do sth）

责备：Why didn’t you do sth/ Why no do sth?

●委婉与其表建议：Maybe/ perhaps/ probably you should / I suppose you could…

●虚拟语气表建议：If I were you, I would do sth

●祈使句：Just+ V.

●发语词后跟建议：tell you what, / you know what,/ guess what

3. 涉及推导的四类问题：

●推论（inferences）：推出弦外之音，文字背后隐藏的信息

典型问题：What can be inferred about…?

●预测（prediction）：推测即将发生的事情（尾巴题）

典型问题：What will the student to next?

●释义（paraphrase）：用不同的词重述同样的意思（重听回答）（Delta 教材250页6）

典型问题：What does the professor mean when he asks this?

总结（conclusion）：Delta 教材250页

4. 尾巴题：

通常针对段落结尾发问，可能问到两种问题：

三、专业长段落主要考点及可出题型的分析

1. 段落开头提到原因必考（目的题或主题题），段落结尾的建议必考（尾巴题）

2. 段落开头提到的本次主题必考（主题题），段落结尾的本次总结（结论题）

3. 段落中重复两次的地方（通常为本次课要点，师生各重复一次，主题题/结论题），重复两次的名词必考

4. 段落中强调句型，多引出考点

强调句小结：（重读，语气）this is the first time…/ one thing important to remember is…/ It

is/was …that…/ Not until…did/had…/ You are request to…

5. 针对上下文的肯/否定或者或带明显语气的回答必考（抓住升降调及答句语气词，态度题）

6. 段中主论点下各分论点有定义加举例必考（配对表格题）；说明多个事实的地方笔考（是非型表格题）；说明程序或步骤的必考（排序型表格题）

7. 难点的解释性说明（核心概念必考）

引导词：It refers to…; that is, that means, which means…; That is to say, in other words, by that he meant; Let me make it clear, let me make it simpler; Let’s put it in this way, let’s put it in another way

8. 段中引用的观点必考，注意把握believe等引导词

9. 段中形容词／副词最高级后的点重要，如：the most important..; the biggest

10. 话题转移，可以出重听回答题（目的题）

11. 教授对学生的指令或警告的句子必考，（目的／双项选择）

12. 教授对学生回答的满意程度必问，可出重听回答；及学生对教授的合作程度

13. 尾巴题，引导词：（同时可用于口语第1, 2题答题结尾）

In short, in conclusion, in a word, in a nutshell; to sum up, to wrap up, generally speaking; We may conclude that

附：提高专业段落应该做的一些课后工作

1. 专业段落结构比细节更重要

2. 干扰选项类型多总结，总结成对词

3. 文理科段落重点主题要扩充知识背景，专业词汇不求多

4. 强化同主题段落的横听（几个同学科的段落连续听）

5. 增强利用模考软件中的图片来解听力题的能力

第四部分听力进程中遇到的问题

应关注的视频信息：

屏幕上的笔记本（重要生词）

小黑板出现的单词（本课主题）

地图，流程图以及人物肖像等图表

记笔记专项强化训练

●课程名称（用缩略/中文）：Lit, Chem, Psych…

●国家名称（用缩略/中文）：US, UK, Jap…

●方位词（表达习惯）：SE, NW, upper-left, lower-right, central-south ●数字：million/billion/trillion; double/triple; 1/2, 1/4, 3/4, 12.5% ●颜色形状：navy, deep, light; crescent, cone

●时间年份的念法（数字）

●方向（箭头）：inward, upward, clockwise, counterclockwise

●态度及倾向性（重要）：agree, oppose, positive

●职业：Economist, meteorology, interpreter, astronomer

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CONVERSATION 1.课程相关事务场景 intro / basic course introductory intermediate (level) course higher course sign up for … register get enrolled in ?Discussion讨论n, presentation个人陈述n, topic话题，主题n, lecture演讲（n.）good choice好的选择, slide幻灯片n, library图书馆n, collection收集n, check支票n, librarian 图书馆管理员n Report报告n, office hour 教授答疑 ?时间, submit 上交v, on disk在磁盘上, hard copy硬皮书, soft copy软皮书, computer电脑n, print打印v, computer lab电脑实验室 ?Project工程，计划n, tons of很多（a ton of ,tons of), cover 覆盖, re-write重写v, research data研究数据, information 信息n, input投入n,输入v, presentation个人陈述n, complete完整的adj, 完成vt semester seminar

?Term paper学期报告, grade分数，成绩n, complicated复杂的adj, terrible mistake严重的（糟糕的）错误, edited version编辑过的版本, submit上交n, overtired过度劳累adj, stressed有压力的adj, rushing（急急忙忙的）against the clock争分夺秒, mark标记，分数n, draft起草vt，草图n, print打印vt（printer打印机n）, final paper期末论文, maintaining average保持平均水平, application申请n, drop 扔掉, re-take重上, due到期的adj, extension延期n, discuss 讨论vt, check back查阅记录, re-reading评价, submission 上交n ?Information信息n, exam schedule考试规划表, term术语，学期n, date日期, book预定vt，书n, ?apartment公寓department部门，院系; appointment 预约?departure离开depart 离开, invigilator监考人n, ?sign up for a course选择选修课程 ?（required必须的/compulsory 被强制的course必修课）（selective/elective/optional course选修课）（register注册）, sheet纸张=paper（a sheet of 张，表量词）, ?bulletin board公告栏, faculty lounge教师休息室, square正方形，广场n, draft起草，草图, dean系主任=department chair(person), review评估, draw up起草=draft=first version, ?Manual手工（manufacture制造)，consult咨询, register 注册 Physiology 生理学100, sophomore大学二年级生, second year course第二年课程, first year student新生, transfer转变, begin my first lecture开始我的第一堂课, introduce介绍，引进, complete完整的，完成, approach方法n，接近vt, laws of physics and chemistry法律的物理和化学, process of life生命的过程, vital force机体，生命力, philosophical approach哲

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新托福IBT听力场景词汇 对话场景 选课 学科 major 主修minor 副修 science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科 Mathematics 数学 physics 物理 chemistry 化学 biology 生物学 geography 地理学 electronics 电子学 computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学 electronics engineering 电子工程学 botany 植物学 psychology 心理学 zoology 动物学 architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学 ecology 生态学 medical science 医学archaeology 考古学 history 历史学 linguistics 语言学 pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学 economics 经济学 statistics 统计学 accounting 会计学 philosophy 哲学 类型 required、compulsory course 必修课 selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课 lecture 讲座 seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课

tutorial 个人辅导课程 workshop 专题课程 级别 Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级 Prerequisite 先修课程 上课： Attend class 上课 Miss class 缺课 Skip class逃课 Syllabus 教学大纲 Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤 Grading system 打分体系 Class participation 课堂参与 杂 semester/term 学期quarter小学期 course guideline 课程纲要major 主修 minor 副修 exemption 免修 syllabus 教学大纲 Professor’s sig nature 教授的签字（用于注册课程） Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）, openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销 教师称号 professor 教授 lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长 teacher/faculty 教师 student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家

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老托福听力Part C 93篇-5 [生词摘录] 1. videotape: V. to record a television programme, film etc. on a videotape 2. vacuum: n. [C] a space that is completely empty of all gas, especially one from which all the air has been taken away 3. shade: n. [U] slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it 4. toasty: adj. [AmE] (informal) warm and comfortable 5. Fahrenheit: n. [U] a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212° 6. marvel: n. [C] something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, that you like and admire very much 7. enlargement: n. [C] a photograph that has been printed again in a larger size 8. life-size(life-sized): adj. a picture or model of something or someone that is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 9. shuttle: n. [C] a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth, and can be used more than once 10. mission: n. [C] an important job done by a member of the airforce, army etc, especially an attack on the enemy 11.torso: n. [C] your body, not including your head, arms, or legs 12. durable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even

(完整word)新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇(修正),推荐文档

新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇 1.生物学 antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染 / 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba 水下呼吸器diving潜水 / 跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanic海洋的snail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产前护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tiny receptor接收器nerve 神经/ specimen样品amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation 孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品 / 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异 2.动物学 zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms （昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化的器官fertilize使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒

老托福听力93篇(45-46)-So, why did what is now

老托福听力93篇(45-46)-So, why did what is now 45 So, why did what is now called "modern dance" begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, I'll need to backtrack a little bit and talk about classical ballet. By the late 1800's, ballet had lost a lot of its popularity. Most of the ballet dancers who performed in the United States were brought over from Europe. They performed using the rigid techniques that had been passed down through the centuries. Audiences and dancers in the United States were eager for their own, "contemporary" dance form. And, so, around 1900, dancers created one. So, how was this "modern" dance so different from classical ballet? Well, most notably, it wasn't carefully choreographed. Instead, the dance depended on the improvisation and free, personal expression of the dancers. Music and scenery were of little importance to the "modern" dance, and lightness of movement wasn't important either. In fact, modern dancers made no attempt at all to conceal the effort involved in a dance step. But even if improvisation appealed to audiences, many dance critics were less than enthusiastic about the performances. They questioned the artistic integrity of dancers who were not professionally trained and the artistic value of works that had no formal structure. Loie Fuller, after performing Fire Dance, was described as doing little more than turning "round and round like an eggbeater." Yet, the free, personal expression of the pioneer dancers is the basis of the "controlled freedom" of modern dance today. 【生词摘录】 1. backtrack: v. (由原路)返回，后退 2. ballet: n. [C]芭蕾舞 3. rigid: adj. 严格的 4. contemporary: adj. 当代的 5. choreograph: v. 设计舞蹈动作，精心编排 6. improvisation: n. 即席创作 7. scenery: n. 舞台布景 8. lightness: n. 轻盈，灵活 9. conceal: v. 隐藏 10. eggbeater: n. [C]打蛋器 11. pioneer: adj. 先驱，创始人 12. controlled freedom: 克制的自由 46 Today I want to discuss fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The term "fossil fuel" refers to the trapped remains of plants and animals in sedimentary rock. You see, living plants trap energy from the sun by the process of photosynthesis, and they store the energy in their chemical compounds. Most of that energy is released when the plant dies and decays. However, sometimes organic matter is buried before it decays completely. In this way some of the solar energy becomes trapped in rocks, hence the name fossil fuel. Although the amount of organic matter trapped in any one growing season is small, the accumulated remains from millions of years are considerable. Because the accumulation rate is so slow, millions of times slower than the rate at which we now dig up this organic matter and

托福听力场景

住宿： 宿舍： accommodation 住处,膳宿 reside nee hall 宿舍 suite套间 studio工作室，独立套间 lounge公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种 corridor走廊，过道 roommate同屋者，室友 租房 lease租借，租约 IandIord 房东 Iandlady女房东rent租金tenant房客patio / balcony 阳台sliding door 推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment两间卧室的公寓 house key房锁匙 床上用品： pillow枕头bed linen床上用品sheet被单mattress 床垫 blanket 毯子towel手巾,毛巾quilt 棉被 家具类 furniture 家具 bookshelf 书架 bookcase 书柜 couch沙发 chest柜子；橱；箱子 dresser （bureau）梳妆台 cabinet （电视机等）机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cup board （closet）碗橱storage wall 壁橱 rug小地毯carpet地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸 fixture （房屋）固定装置 furnishings室内陈设 电器类 electric appliance(instrument;equipment)电器heater, furnace加热器，炉子 heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备 stove炉子 microwave oven 微波炉 washer/dryer洗衣机/烘干机(laundry洗衣店) laundromat自动洗衣店 utensil器皿；用具 kitchen utensil 炊具 oven烤箱；烤炉 range炉灶；(能利用余热的)多功能炉灶dishwasher 洗碟机 washing machine 洗衣机 coffee pot咖啡壶 refrigerator (freezer/ icebox) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机 CD player CD 机 maintenance 维修，保养 日常生活/问题： personal p ossessi ons/ prop erty/ bel onging 个人财产 get in sura nee for sth garbage/ rubbish/ waste 垃圾dis pose 处理gas meter煤气表burglar 夜贼burglary入室行窃 leak in g/leakage 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入

老托福听力93篇(79-80)-Now we're entering

老托福听力93篇(79-80)-Now we're entering 老托福听力对新托福听力的备考依然有重要的作用,老托福听力的语速比较快,有助于提高同学们的辨音能力,小编为各位考生整理老托福听力93篇精选，各位同学仔细看看吧。 79 Now we're entering Kangaroo Country. In all, there are more than fifty different species of kangaroo, and the advantage of zoos like ours is that you see them in their natural habitat. The ones we have all live in the grasslands. On my right, you can see one of the biggest types: the red kangaroo. It travels about 20 miles per hour. It looks like hard work, but hopping actually lets the kangaroo conserve more energy than another animal could when running on four legs. In fact, up to a certain point, the faster a kangaroo goes the more energy it conserves. Rather than taking more hops to increase speed, the kangaroo makes the length of each jump longer. Let's stop here for a minute. Take a look over on your right at this group of kangaroos resting. Can you see that their ears are moving? Hearing may well be the kangaroo's most important sense. Their two large ears can move independently, so sometimes one ear is pointing forward and the other toward the rear. Kangaroos' eyesight is also excellent. They have a wide field of vision and, like most grazing animals, they are especially good at detecting movement. Before we move on, I'd like to point out one more thing: If you look closely, you can see a joey that's a baby kangaroo peering out of its mother's pouch. Before long that joey will be out of the pouch for good. The mother will push it out by the time it's eight months old. 【生词摘录】 1. grassland: n. [C]牧草地，草原 2. hopping: n. [U]跳跃 3. conserve: v. 保存 4. independently: adv. 独立地 5. rear: n. [C]后面，后边，后部 6. grazing: 食草，牧草 7. joey: n. [C]幼兽，幼袋鼠 8. pouch: n. [C]小袋 9. for good: 永久地 80 Before we adjourn, I'd like to remind everybody about the upcoming fundraising event—the ten kilometer run. The run is being organized to help raise money for the renovation of the old gym. Our gym is in desperate need of repair, and the university must rely entirely on private donations to pay for its renovation. This event will be the students' contribution to the effort. The procedure for participating is quite simple. No entrance fees, no advance registration, and you don't have to be the best athlete on campus. You only need to find sponsors willing to contribute one or more dollars for every kilometer of the race that you complete. So, for example, if you run all ten kilometers, you'll collect ten dollars from someone who has pledged to give you one dollar per kilometer. After the run, a race official will record the number of kilometers you've completed. You can then show the record to your sponsors when you collect the money. You might encourage your friends to run in the race by telling them that there will be awards for everyone who gets five sponsors or more. But above all, it'll just be a lot of fun. So, please spread the word and get everyone involved either as runners or sponsors.