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(完整版)介词短语置于句置时的倒装

(完整版)介词短语置于句置时的倒装
(完整版)介词短语置于句置时的倒装

介词短语置于句置时的倒装

■在通常情况下,介词短语置于句置时其后的句子是不用倒装的。如:

At the end there may be an index. 结尾处可能有索引。

On the platform she kissed her mother. 她在月台上吻了她的母亲。

Before the meeting I looked through the reports. 开会前我把报告看了一遍。

From the balloon we could see the town far below. 从热气球上我们可以看到下方远处的小镇。

■但是,有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将用作地点状语的介词短语置于句首,此时句中主语和谓语完全倒装。这类句子所涉及的动词通常是表示姿势的不及动词(如crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand等)和表示行动的不及物动词(如come, die, go, run, li ve, rise等)。如:

On the door hung a big sign. 门上挂着一个大招牌。

Over the wall came a shower of stones. 从墙上飞来一阵石块。

Round the comer came Mrs Porter. 波特夫人在拐角上出现了。

On the top of the hill stood an old castle. 山丘上有一座古堡。

Under the road run pipes for gas and water. 在马路下面铺着煤气管道和自来水管。

Before them lay miles of undulating moorland. 他们前面是一片高低起伏的荒原。

■少数情况下,及物动词的被动语态有时也可以倒装。如:

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。

■另外,有时用于句首的介词短语也可能是句子表语,此时要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:

In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。

In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。

表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装

有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密,就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装。如:By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。

At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。

Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。

At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book.书的前部有目录,详列了书中的内容。

地点状语后的倒装

地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词(如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词(如come, go, rise),用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如:At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。

In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。

别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。

主语如是代词则不能倒装:

At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。

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