2015年12月四级真题(第2套)

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[00:04.17]College English Test Band Four

[00:07.05]Part Two Listening Comprehension

[00:10.45]Section A

[00:13.49]Directions: In this section,

[00:16.08]you will hear three news reports.

[00:19.11]At the end of each news report,

[00:21.52]you will hear two or three questions.

[00:23.64]Both the news report and the questions

[00:27.00]will be spoken only once.

[00:30.03]After you hear a question,

[00:32.13]you must choose the best answer from the four choices [00:35.61]marked A), B), C) and D).

[00:39.41]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 [00:43.92]with a single line through the centre.

[00:47.25]Questions 1 and 2 will be based

[00:49.56]on the following news item.

[00:53.60]There are more than 400 museums in the US

[00:56.52]that celebrate the history of the military.

[00:59.13]But not a single one devoted to American diplomacy. [01:02.98]That’s about to change.

[01:05.10]A new museum celebrating the history

[01:07.45]of American diplomacy is being built

[01:10.19]at the US Department of State.

[01:12.59]The US Diplomacy Center (USDC) will feature 238 years [01:19.10]of American diplomatic history,

[01:21.30]as well as an education area

[01:22.85]for students interested in diplomatic careers.

[01:26.79]The USDC has collected over 6 200 objects

[01:30.86]to display in the new,

[01:32.19]20 000-square-foot museum.

[01:34.97]Building started on the museum in 2014.

[01:39.40]Secretary of State John Kerry,

[01:41.92]along with five former Secretaries of State,

[01:44.34]was present for the ceremony.

[01:46.18]Once all the funding and design plans are completed, [01:49.67]the museum is projected to open in 2017,

[01:53.24]said a spokesman for the project.

[01:56.19]1. What is the news report mainly about?

[02:15.40]2. What can we learn about the project

[02:19.22]from the news report?

[02:35.56]Questions 3 and 4 will be based

[02:37.33]on the following news item.

[02:39.94]A conflict is forming on the streets

[02:42.77]of New York City between legal

[02:44.89]and illegal food trucks and carts.

[02:48.02]The city grants 5 100 food vending permits every two years. [02:54.43]The permit is issued by the Department

[02:56.31]of Health and Mental Hygiene.

[02:58.73]Most of the permit holders pay $200

[03:02.09]to renew their permit every two years.

[03:05.43]Some permit holders rent their license, or permit,

[03:09.05]for a profit.

[03:11.43]Some cart or truck operators pay more than

[03:14.24]$20 000 for a food vending permit.

[03:17.67]Because there is greater demand than supply of permits, [03:21.62]a black market for the licenses has emerged.

[03:25.03]It is reported that transferring or renting these permits [03:27.97]to another vendor is illegal.

[03:30.61]But many vendors have turned

[03:32.79]to this illegal black market for permits.

[03:35.44]The vendors say getting a cart or

[03:37.31]truck permit can take 10 to 15 years.

[03:41.58]Some vendors work the street unlicensed.

[03:45.18]3. How much should the permit holders pay

[03:48.65]to renew the permit?

[04:04.94]4. Why has a black market for the licenses emerged? [04:24.76]Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. [04:31.04]A burial place in Washington,

[04:32.51]DC is using goats instead of poison to remove weeds. [04:37.49]Congressional Cemetery is near Capitol Hill.

[04:40.97]There are more than 65 000 graves there.

[04:44.31]In recent years,

[04:45.61]many weeds have grown in the cemetery.

[04:48.58]Officials did not want to use poisons,

[04:50.85]to kill the weeds.

[04:52.78]The cemetery is near the Anacostia River.

[04:56.21]Officials have worked for many years

[04:58.09]to remove pollutants from the river,

[05:00.14]which runs through the city.

[05:02.24]So cemetery officials decided to use goats.

[05:06.00]The animals are less costly than chemicals

[05:08.14]and do not hurt the environment.

[05:10.82]And the goats eat a lot of weeds.

[05:13.98]The animals are owned by Mary Bowen, a farmer.

[05:18.30]She operates a company called Browsing Green Goats. [05:22.45]The cemetery pays her company more than

[05:24.27]$11 000 to have the goats remove unwanted plants [05:28.36]from each hectare of the cemetery.

[05:31.24]But Mary Bowen says that is

[05:33.02]about half the cost of using herbicides.

[05:36.01]She hopes the goats will help

[05:37.31]more people understand that

[05:38.86]they can keep their property free of weeds

[05:41.48]without hurting the environment.

[05:45.53]5. What new measure is taken to kill the weeds

[05:50.73]in Congressional Cemetery?

[06:07.66]6. Why is the new measure taken?

[06:26.47]7. What does Mary Bowen do?

[06:45.65]Section B

[06:47.14]Directions: In this section,

[06:49.89]you will hear two long conversations.

[06:52.86]At the end of each conversation,

[06:54.66]you will hear four questions.

[06:56.78]Both the conversation and the questions

[06:59.23]will be spoken only once.

[07:01.74]After you hear a question,

[07:03.89]you must choose the best answer from the four choices [07:06.68]marked A), B), C) and D).

[07:10.49]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 [07:14.37]with a single line through the centre.

[07:17.68]Conversation One

[07:20.54]M: Ace Employment Agency. Good morning.

[07:23.04]W: Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. [07:25.89]I’m looking for a job.

[07:27.56]M: I’ll see what we can do.

[07:29.44]Uh...Have you been to us before?

[07:31.56]W: No. But you’ve managed to get jobs

[07:33.98]for some of my friends.

[07:35.73]So I thought, perhaps, you know...

[07:37.75]M: Yes, I see. First of all,

[07:40.55]could you give me your full name?

[07:42.39]W: Yes, of course. Susan Hollies.

[07:44.86]M: Good. And could I have your phone number? [07:47.60]W: Yes. 7788992.

[07:51.41]M: Fine. And your date of birth, please?

[07:53.94]W: Feb. 3rd, 1980.

[07:56.57]M: Thank you. Now, education.

[07:59.18]Which school did you go to?

[08:01.36]W: I went to a secondary school in South Town. [08:04.10]M: And have you been to college?

[08:06.27]W: No. I left full-time education when I was 18. [08:09.96]M: I see. Any qualifications?

[08:12.86]W: Yes. I gained a shorthand and typing diploma [08:15.96]at evening classes.

[08:17.46]M: That’s good.

[08:18.49]Now, where are you working at the moment?

[08:21.54]W: Well, I’ve got a job as a shorthand-typist. [08:24.38]But I’m not enjoying it very much

[08:26.73]and it doesn’t pay very well.

[08:28.59]M: I see.

[08:29.70]Have you applied for any other jobs?

[08:31.72]W: Yes. I thought I’d like to be a policewoman. [08:34.81]But they turned me down because I was too short. [08:38.43]M: What would you like to do now, then?

[08:40.94]W: Well, I think I’d like to work

[08:43.45]in a travel agency.

[08:45.11]M: I see. I think the best thing is for me

[08:48.53]to see what we might find for you.

[08:51.13]And then...

[08:53.87]Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation

[08:56.99]you have just heard.

[09:00.00]8. How did the woman get to know about the man’s company? [09:20.54]9. What formal education did the woman receive?

[09:41.03]10. What do we learn about the woman’s occupation? [10:01.09]11. What will the man probably do next?

[10:20.55]Conversation Two

[10:23.01]W: Steve, can you tell me

[10:24.29]how long you’ve been a pub owner?

[10:26.83]M: Well, four years, I suppose.

[10:29.42]I’ve been involved with pubs off and on for ten years.

[10:33.20]I’ve sort of done hotel work and

[10:35.81]I’ve also run a restaurant pub.

[10:37.88]And now I’ve got what you call a good old-fashioned pub. [10:41.91]That is a public bar,

[10:43.62]with all the social games going with it,

[10:46.01]which is what we’ve always wanted to have, you know. [10:48.67]W: It sounds like you’ve always worked in pubs,

[10:51.13]but not always in this one.

[10:53.37]M: No, no. I worked in quite a variety of pubs.

[10:56.81]W: What makes a good pub?

[10:58.37]I mean, you said, you know,

[10:59.88]it has got a good variety of things.

[11:02.47]M: Well, I think having the right customers to start with,

[11:07.28]selling the right beer,

[11:08.56]keeping it good,

[11:09.95]and most of all,

[11:10.93]keeping a good attitude yourself,

[11:13.15]even though you probably feel very tired.

[11:15.92]But the idea is,

[11:17.81]if you generate from your side,

[11:19.82]it’s got to affect the other side,

[11:21.58]if you’re getting the right customers in.

[11:23.50]W: Yeah.

[11:24.29]I must say that’s one thing that has always

[11:26.36]struck me about being a pub owner.

[11:28.54]I mean, a lot of people seem to think

[11:30.46]that it’s a nice job, you know.

[11:32.50]Everybody says,

[11:33.34]“Oh, I’d love to retire and get a country pub.”

[11:36.56]But it seems to me that it’s actually very hard work.

[11:40.86]Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation

[11:44.16]you have just heard.

[11:46.18]12. What does the man say about his involvement with pubs?

[12:06.03]13. What characterizes the old-fashioned pub

[12:10.69]according to the man?

[12:27.14]14. What does the man say is the most important

[12:31.29]in making a good pub?

[12:48.30]15. What does the woman think of running a country pub? [13:06.71]Section C

[13:08.66]Directions: In this section,

[13:11.49]you will hear three passages.

[13:14.01]At the end of each passage,

[13:15.60]you will hear some questions.

[13:17.72]Both the passage and the questions

[13:19.93]will be spoken only once.

[13:23.30]After you hear a question,

[13:24.87]you must choose the best answer from the four choices [13:28.01]marked A), B), C) and D).

[13:31.81]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 [13:35.09]with a single line through the centre.

[13:39.64]Passage One

[13:42.18]To help ourselves and others,

[13:44.33]it’s important to know something about drugs.

[13:47.95]A drug is a chemical substance.

[13:50.38]It can bring about a physical,

[13:52.56]emotional, or mental change in people.

[13:56.35]Alcohol and tobacco are drugs.

[13:59.30]Caffeine, a substance found in coffee

[14:02.01]and some soft drinks, is also a drug.

[14:05.60]Drug abuse is the use of a drug,

[14:07.88]legal or illegal,

[14:09.73]that hurts a person or someone close to him.

[14:13.29]A drug user is the person who takes the drug.

[14:16.46]There are many kinds of drug users.

[14:19.43]Experimental users may try drugs once or twice.

[14:23.71]They want to see what the effects will be.

[14:26.41]Recreational users take drugs to get high.

[14:30.10]They use drugs with friends or at parties

[14:32.44]to get into the mood of things.

[14:35.23]Regular users take drugs all the time.

[14:38.55]But they are often able to keep up

[14:40.35]with the normal routine of work.

[14:43.52]Dependent users can’t relate to anything but drugs. [14:48.35]Their whole life centers around drugs.

[14:51.64]They feel extreme mental or physical pain without drugs. [14:56.67]It’s not always easy to tell that someone is using drugs. [15:00.86]In the early stages,

[15:02.27]drug use is often hard to see.

[15:04.63]Sometimes, people like drugs or need drugs

[15:07.40]so much that they can’t do without them.

[15:10.18]They are dependent upon drugs.

[15:13.04]Only a few kinds of drugs can cause physical dependence. [15:16.93]But almost any drug,

[15:18.39]when it’s misused,

[15:19.67]can make a person think he needs it all the time. [15:23.50]By this time,

[15:24.88]it’s too late and the person is hooked.

[15:29.30]Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage

[15:32.38]you have just heard.

[15:34.39]16. What does the speaker say about drug abuse? [15:53.94]17. What does the speaker say

[15:57.41]about recreational drug users?

[16:14.82]18. What does the speaker say about drug dependence? [16:34.34]Passage Two

[16:36.39]According to Charles Harper,

[16:38.03]Chairman of ConAgra,

[16:39.81]the Healthy Choice line of frozen dinners

[16:42.22]began with his own heart attack.

[16:44.99]It has been brought on by years of

[16:46.76]eating anything he could get his hands on.

[16:49.83]As he lay in the hospital recovering,

[16:52.33]Harper imagined the line of healthy frozen foods [16:55.54]that tasted good.

[16:57.77]The Healthy Choice product line was carefully

[17:00.02]tested with consumers before being introduced

[17:03.02]to the general public.

[17:05.34]ConAgra’s research and development staff

[17:07.83]spent a year working under the instruction

[17:10.82]“Whatever the cost, don’t sacrifice taste.”

[17:14.98]The first test market results surprised

[17:17.22]even the ConAgra team.

[17:19.48]The low-sodium, low-fat frozen dinners

[17:22.07]sold much better than expected.

[17:24.84]According to the firm’s vice-president

[17:27.01]of marketing and sales,

[17:28.77]“We benefited from low expectations.

[17:31.94]The products were much better than people

[17:33.94]thought they would be.”

[17:35.98]This finding supported ConAgra’s decision

[17:38.35]to position the product against other high-quality [17:41.36]frozen dinners rather than as a diet or health food. [17:45.39]The new product’s brand name and packaging [17:47.61]were an important part of the development process. [17:51.36]The name Healthy Choice was chosen

[17:53.80]for the positive implication it held for consumers. [17:57.48]Because ConAgra felt the product

[17:59.82]would be an impulse purchase,

[18:01.78]it was important to make the item stand out

[18:04.25]in the freezer case.

[18:06.22]This was accomplished through the dark green packaging [18:08.69]that not only differed from the competitors

[18:11.34]but also suggested freshness and richness in vitamins.

[18:16.62]Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage

[18:20.54]you have just heard.

[18:23.40]19. What did Charles Harper think of

[18:28.07]while he was in hospital?

[18:44.58]20. What does the passage say

[18:47.77]about the Healthy Choice product line

[18:49.99]before it went to market?

[19:07.04]21. What is said to contribute

[19:10.63]to ConAgra’s business success?

[19:27.94]22. What does the speaker say

[19:31.33]about the name Healthy Choice?

[19:49.17]Passage Three

[19:51.87]In the United States,

[19:53.33]36 states currently allow capital punishment

[19:56.70]for serious crimes such as murder.

[20:00.01]Americans have always argued about the death penalty. [20:03.45]Today, there is a serious question about this issue:

[20:07.42]Should there be a minimum age limit for executing criminals? [20:11.75]In other words,

[20:12.70]is it right for convicted murderers

[20:14.94]who kill when they are minors—that is,

[20:17.34]under the age of 18—to receive the death penalty?

[20:21.15]In most other countries of the world,

[20:23.32]there is no capital punishment for minors.

[20:26.33]In the United States,

[20:27.37]though, each state makes its own decision.

[20:30.92]Of the 36 states that allow the death penalty,

[20:33.88]30 permit the execution of minors.

[20:37.06]In the state of South Carolina,

[20:39.28]a convicted murderer was given the death penalty

[20:41.85]for a crime he committed while he was a minor.

[20:45.50]In 1977, when he was 17 years old,

[20:49.34]James Terry Roach and two friends

[20:51.98]cruelly murdered three people.

[20:54.82]Roach’s lawyer fought the decision to execute him. [20:58.92]The young murderer remained on Death Row

[21:01.73]for ten years while his lawyer appealed to the governor. [21:05.57]The lawyer argued that it is wrong

[21:07.61]to execute a person for a crime

[21:09.97]he committed while he was a minor.

[21:12.98]In the United States,

[21:14.48]the governor of a state has the power

[21:16.63]to change a sentence from the death penalty to life in prison. [21:21.37]Nonetheless, the governor of South Carolina

[21:24.11]refused to stop the execution.

[21:26.89]Roach was finally executed in 1986.

[21:31.70]Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage

[21:35.11]you have just heard.

[21:37.15]23. What does the speaker say about the death penalty [21:41.49]in the United States?

[21:58.06]24. What is the focus of the debate around the death penalty? [22:18.39]25. What does the speaker say about James Terry Roach? [22:38.78]This is the end of listening comprehension.

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2015年12月英语四级真题及答案1

2015年12月英语四级真题及答案1 Writing For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to makes something happen" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being creative rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words, no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1.A) They admire the courage of space explorers. B) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.

2016年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第二套

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套) (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to agraduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain thereasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A. To satisfy the curiosity of tourists. B. To replace two old stone bridges. C. To enable tourists to visit Goat Island. D. To improve utility services in the state. 2. A. Countless tree limbs. B. A few skeletons. C. Lots of wrecked boats and ships. D. Millions of coins on the bottom. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A. It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya. B. It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately. C. It shut down two border crossings with Libya. D. It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State. 4. A. Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions. B. Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack. C. Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government. D. Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A. An environment-friendly battery. B. An energy-saving mobile phone. C. A plant-powered mobile phone charger. D. A device to help plants absorb sunlight. 6. A. While sitting in their school's courtyard. B. While playing games on their phones. C. While solving a mathematical problem. D. While doing a chemical experiment. 7. A. It increases the applications of mobile phones.

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(2+答案)

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） Part I Writing（30 minutes） Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension（30 minutes） Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) From the wanted column. C) From a telephone directory. B) From some of her friends. D) From a television commercial. 10. A) She received full-time education abroad. C) She finished her secondary school. B) She graduated from an open university. D) She studied in a vocational college. 11. A) She is a shorthand-typist. C) She is a policewoman. B) She works as a tour guide. D) She teaches an evening class. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) It provides him with career opportunities. C) It has been off and on for ten years. B) It helps enlarge his customer network. D) It was interrupted for four years. 13. A) Individualized service. C) Home-made beer. B) Traditional setting. D) Social games. 14. A) The quality of beer. C) The owner's attitude. B) The atmosphere. D) The right location. 15. A) It is a rather tough job．C) It helps old people kill time. B) It is a profitable business. D) It makes retirees feel useful. Section B Directions:In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A )，B)，C) and D)．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) It is becoming increasingly popular. C) It gives rise to serious social instability. B) It helps the user to escape reality. D) It hurts a person and those around them. 17. A) They use drugs just for fun. C) They use drugs as medicine. B) They take drugs to get high. D) They keep drug use a secret. 18. A) It is quite common in entertainment circles. B) It is the cause of various social problems. C) It is hard to get rid of. D) It is fatal to the user. Passage Two Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) Taking up exercises after recovery. C) Finding new ways to cure heart disease. B) Producing tasty healthy frozen food. D) Going on a diet upon leaving the hospital. 20. A) It was carefully tested with consumers. C) It was disapproved by many diet experts. B) It was promoted by health organizations. D) It was highly expected by the general public. 21. A) Competitive price. C) Vigorous promotion. B) Low expectations. D) Unique ingredients. 22. A) It was suggested by the firm's vice-president.

2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案(卷一)

2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案（卷一完整版）写作： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 听力： Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Section A 1.They admire the courage of space explorers. They enjoyed the movie on space exploration. They were going to watch a wonderful movie. They like doing scientific exploration very much. 2.At a gift shop. At a graduation ceremony. In the office of a travel agency. In a school library. 3.He used to work in the art gallery. He does not have a good memory. He declined a job offer form the art gallery. He is not interested in any part-time jobs. 4.Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow. He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.

2013年12月四级真题及答案(第2套)

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people?s life and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part ⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) Go to a place he has visited.C) Consult a travel agent. B) Make her own arrangements.D) Join in a package tour. 2. A) They are on a long trip by car.C) They are used to getting up early. B) They are stuck in a traffic jam.D) They are tired of eating out at night. 3. A) He is a person difficult to deal with.C) He is unwilling to speak in public. B) He dislikes any formal gathering.D) He often keeps a distance from others. 4. A) Work in another department.C) Recruit graduate students. B) Pursue further education.D) Take an administrative job. 5. A) He would not be available to start the job in time. B) He is not quite qualified for the art director position. C) He would like to leave some more time for himself. D) He will get his application letter ready before May 1.

四级真题2015年12月第三套

（听力与第二套一样） 阅读理解 Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. Children do nit think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight，it's out of mind. lf you cover a baby's 36 toy with a piece of cloth，the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old may 37 that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ，not the 38 of juice. Yet children are smart in their own way.Like good little scientists，children are always testing their child-sized 39 about how things work. When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her，and you say，"That's enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!”the child will 40 te st your claim.Are you serious?Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you 41 ;rather，she is learning that her desires and yours can differ，and that sometimes those 42 important and sometimes they are not How and why does children's thinking change?In the 1920s，Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children's cognitive (认知的) abilities unfold 43 ，like the blooming of a flower，almost independent of what else is 44 their lives.Although many of his specific conclusions have been 45 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired出ousands of studies by investigators all over the world. A) advocate E) deflnite I) irrunediately M) protest B) amount F) differences J) naturally N) rejected C) confirmed G) favorite K) obtaining O) theories D) crazy H) happening L) primarily 2.长篇阅读（匹配意思相近的选项） Section B The Perfect Essay [A] Looking back on too many years of education，I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me，and my intellectual life，even when I didn't. Her expectations were high-impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother. [B] When good students turn in an essay，they dream of their instmctor returning .it to them in exactly the same condition，save for a single word added in仕le margin of the flnal page: "Flawless." This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of course，I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age，so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously，I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn’t get very far.The flrst person I told was my