2014美国大学生数学建模竞赛题目(含翻译)

仅供参考

Teams (Student or Advisor) are now required to submit an electronic copy (summary sheet and solution) of their solution paper by email too solutions@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7a303621.html, as a Word or PDF attachment. Your email MUST be received at COMAP by the submission deadline of 8:00 PM EST, February 10, 2014. Note you will not receive an auto response.

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Click here to download a PDF of the complete contest instructions.

Click here to download a copy of the Summary Sheet in Microsoft Word format. *Be sure to change the control number and problem select before printing out the page.

Teams are free to choose between MCM Problem A, MCM Problem B or ICM Problem C.

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https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7a303621.html,/undergraduate/contests/mcm/

MCM: The Mathematical Contest in Modeling

ICM: The Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling

2014 Contest Problems

MCM PROBLEMS

PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule

In countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule

that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane.

Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important.

In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirements be needed.

Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system – either part of the road network or imbedded in the design of all vehicles using the roadway – to what extent would this change the results of your earlier analysis?

PROBLEM B: College Coaching Legends

Sports Illustrated, a magazine for sports enthusiasts, is looking for the “best all time college coach” male or female for the previous century. Build a mathematical model to choose the best college coach or coaches (past or present) from among either male or female coaches in such sports as college hockey or field hockey, football, baseball or softball, basketball, or soccer. Does it make a difference which time line horizon that you use in your analysis, i.e., does coaching in 1913 differ from coaching in 2013? Clearly articulate your metrics for assessment. Discuss how your model can be applied in general across both genders and all possible sports. Present your model’s top 5 coaches in each of 3 different sports.

In addition to the MCM format and requirements, prepare a 1-2 page article for Sports Illustrated that explains your results and includes a

non-technical explanation of your mathematical model that sports fans will understand.

ICM PROBLEM

PROBLEM C: Using Networks to Measure Influence and Impact Click the title below to download a PDF of the 2014 ICM Problem.

Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages.

Using Networks to Measure Influence and Impact

? 2014 COMAP, The Consort ium for Mathematics and Its Applications May be reproduced for academic/research purposes

For More information on COMAP and this project visit https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7a303621.html,

问题 - 答：保持 - 右键除对通规则

在一些国家，汽车行驶在正确的规则（即美国，中国和其他大多数国家，除了英国，澳大利亚和一些前英国殖民地），多车道的高速公路经常使用，要求司机开车在规则最右边的车道，除非它们被超车，在这种情况下，他们提出一个车道的左边，传球，并恢复到原来的行驶车道。

建立和分析的数学模型来分析这一规则在轻型和重型交通的性能。你不妨检查交通流量和安全，不足或过度限速的作用（即，过低或过高的车速限制），和/或可能不显式调用了其他因素之间的权衡在这个问题的陈述。这是规则，有效地促进了更好的流量？如果没有，建议和分析替代品（以有可能包括没有规律这种的话），可能促进更多的交通流量，安全性，和/或您认为重要的其他因素。在一些国家，汽车行驶在左边是常态，认为您的解决方案是否能够结转与方向的一个简单的改变，或将需要额外的要求。

最后，如上所述的规则依赖于人的判断为标准。如果在相同的道路运输车辆的完全是一个智能系统的控制下 - 无论是部分路网或嵌入使用道路的车辆的设计 - 在何种程度上这会改变你刚才分析的结果？

问题B：大学传奇教练

体育画报，为运动爱好者杂志，正在寻找“最好所有的时间的大学教练”男或女的上个世纪。建立数学模型，从男性或女性教练在这样的体育作为高校曲棍球或曲棍球，足球，棒球或垒球，篮球，足球或选择其中最好的大学教练或教练（过去或现在）。它是否有所作为的时间线上的地平线，你在你的分析中使用，也就是说，它在1913年执教不同于教练在2013年？清楚地说明您的指标进行评估。讨论如何你的模型可以在一般的跨越男女和所有可能的运动应用。展示你的模型的前5名教练在每3个不同的运动。

除了MCM的格式和要求，准备体育画报一份1-2页的文章，解释你的结果和包括您的体育迷都明白的数学模型的非技术性解释。

ICM问题

问题C：使用网络来测量的影响和冲击

点击下面的标题下载2014年ICM问题的PDF 。

您的ICM的参赛作品必须包含一个1页汇总表和您的解决方案不能超过20页，最多21页。

使用网络来测量的影响和冲击

上海市徐汇2010-2014年高考一二模翻译专项

I. Translation (Xu-hui) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 他写那篇文章花了三个星期。（take） 2. 同学们用卖废纸挣来的钱装饰教室。（with） 3. 不管碰到什么样的困难，我们都不要放弃自己的梦想。（Whatever） 4. 与会代表各抒己见，就环保问题展开了热烈的讨论。（express） 5. 如果上海继续以目前这样快的速度发展下去，很难想像再过十年她将是什么模样。(If)

1. 校园内禁止吸烟。（allow） 2. 我建议你星期一早上早点起床，因为总是会塞车。(suggest) 3. 国际问题应该以和平方式而不是暴力方式来解决。(rather than) 4. 多亏父母的理解与支持，他终于实现了当一名宇航员的梦想。（Thanks to） 5. 应该鼓励学生多参加户外运动，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们的成长造成许多负面的影响。（lack）

1.同学们积极参加体育锻炼。（take） 2.人们认为信心和耐心是成功的关键。（consider） 3.评估一个人知识和技能有很多简单而有效的方法。（assess） 4.昨晚残疾人的演出非常成功，让观众们感动得流下了眼泪。(so…that…) 5.整个周末他都在忙着复习备考，只在吃饭的时候才歇一歇。(busy)

1. 他花光所有的积蓄买下了那套公寓。（spend） 2. 据报道这次地震给当地居民造成了重大损失。(cause) 3. 微博（Micro blogging）因其快捷、方便和高效而受到各个年龄层次的欢迎。（popular） 4. 竞赛的结果对我来说并不重要，要紧的是我的参与和体验。（matter） 5. 虽然大家对整容的看法在某种程度上已有所转变，但必须承认它带来的风险。（Although）

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2014年11月份三级笔译实务（汉译英）真题 【译之灵笔译培训】2014年CATTI三级笔译汉译英真题出自《第67届联合国大会中方立场文件》中关于能源安全方面的内容： Section2：Translate Chinese into English 外交部：2012年第67届联合国大会中方立场文件 （五）能源安全 5. Energy Security 能源安全同世界经济的稳定发展和各国人民的福祉息息相关。在当前国际金融危机背景下，维护全球能源安全对有效应对国际金融危机冲击、推动世界经济全面复苏和长远发展具有重要意义。 Energy security has a close bearing on the stability and growth of the world economy and the well-being of people in all countries. Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis，ensuring energy security is vital to effectively tackling the impact of the crisis and promoting the full recovery and long-term development of the world economy. 国际社会应树立互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观，共同稳定能源等大宗商品价格、防止过度投机和炒作，保障各国特别是发展中国家能源需求，维护能源市场正常秩序。同时，各国应改善能源结构，加强先进能源技术的研发和推广，大力发展清洁和可再生能源，在相关领域积极开展国际合作。 To this end，the international community should foster a new energy security outlook featuring mutually beneficial cooperation，diversified development and coordinated supply. Joint efforts must be made to stabilize the prices of energy and other commodities and prevent excessive speculation and market hype，so as to meet the energy demands of all countries，particularly the developing countries，and maintain order in the energy market. Meanwhile，countries should improve their own energy mix，promote the research，development and diffusion of advanced technologies，vigorously develop clean and renewable energies，and actively advance international cooperation in relevant fields. 中国政府高度重视能源和能源安全问题。在解决中国的能源问题上，始终坚持节约优先、立足国内、多元发展、保护环境的原则，加强国际互利合作，大力改善和调整能源结构，努力构筑稳定、经济、清洁、安全的能源供应体系，（加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会。哥本哈根会议前夕，中国宣布了到2020年非化石能源占一次能源消费比重15%，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%的目标。这一部分试题删节了）中国愿与世界各国一道共同努力，建立起能源合作长效机制，为保障全球能源安全、应对气候变化做出应有的贡献。 The Chinese government attaches great importance to issues of energy and energy security.

2014年6月六级翻译真题答案及解析

卷一： 真题：中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。 参考答案： The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some o f which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, forexa mple, are both old words, but they get differentmeanings now. The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money withoutlimits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. T heword dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarde d as a special wordto call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gol d when th e gold price decreasedsharply not long ago. Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, ab out 120 Chinesewords have been added to it, becoming a part of English lang uage. 卷二： 最近中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Science )出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一 年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。 Chinese Academy of Science recently published an annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: science development, more advanced technology development and the sustainable strategy of China. The first one includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science. For example, the 3-dimension print and the study of human organs. The third one suggests people enhance the top design in order to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction. 卷三： 北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少pm2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划

2018上海高三英语二模翻译汇总情况含问题详解

实用标准文档 上海英语高三二模翻译汇总2018宝山）我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。 （optimistic72.I am optimistic about the result of the game /match. ）许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。73. （think seriouscan have but in fact it's not./it problem, people Many think of being late as a small consequences. 无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。(…it…) 74.Driverless technology solves people's puzzle and makes it possible to make a phone call /talk on the phone while driving. 人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力了仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。75. （...not...but...）The most horrible/terrible/ dreadful/ fearful/ frightening/frightful thing that can happen in your do you tried, but that you that achieved/accomplished nothing even though you life is not nothing at all/give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary. 崇明 72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage) 73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。(knowledge) 74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物？(it) 75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。(So) 72. Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic? (1+1+1) 73. When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don't express your opinions 文案大全． 实用标准文档 casually/randomly. (2+1) 74. What was it that made you give up such a stable job and come to the remote area to protect wild animals? (1+1+1+1) 75. So quickly is artificial intelligence changing the whole world that it is hard for you to predict what life will be like in the future. (1+2+1+1) 奉贤popular）72. 与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。（）寒暑假期间，我们学校的各类体育设施向市民开放。73. （access despite智能手机给人们生活带来了许多便捷，但其负面影响不容小觑。（）74. 我们坚信：一个更加和谐的社会将会建成，人民安居乐业，物质和精神方面都将得到满75.

2018年上海高三年级英语二模翻译汇总(含答案解析)

2018上海英语高三二模翻译汇总 宝山 72.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。（optimistic） I am optimistic about the result of the game /match. 73. 许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。（think） Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not./it can have serious consequences. 74.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。(…it…) Driverless technology solves people's puzzle and makes it possible to make a phone call /talk on the phone while driving. 75. 人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力了仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。（...not...but...） The most horrible/terrible/ dreadful/ fearful/ frightening/frightful thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieved/accomplished nothing even though you tried, but that you do nothing at all/give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary. 崇明 72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage) 73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。(knowledge) 74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物？(it) 75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。 (So) 72. Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic? (1+1+1) 73. When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don’t express your opinions

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