2018考研英语阅读理解结构类型分析

2018考研英语阅读理解结构类型分析

对于一篇完整的英文说明文或者议论文来说，不论其形式看上去有多么复杂多样，但是每个作者都有自己的写作目的。为了达到写作目的，一般考研阅读的文章都是采取特定的篇章结构模式，仔细分析历年考研阅读理解的篇章结构特点，发现命题人在编排文章时通常采用五种结构模式。

【考研阅读理解常见篇章结构模式分析】

（一）层层递进型

全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如in addition to，furthermore，moreover等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。

（二）一枝独秀型

全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。

（三）花开两朵型

文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。

（四）现象--解释型

在现象--解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行

解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题；在文章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。

（五）问题--解决方案型

在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。

除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有：

1．引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。

2．抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首段的最后一句话或第二段的首句。

3．假装客观。作者开始不说出自己的观点，貌似客观地陈述各派观点，最后才表达自己的观点。在确定作者态度的时候，主要根据所举的例子进行判断。如果例子表现一种正面态度，说明作者对这一事物持正评价；反之持负评价。

【分析结论】

由上述的统计分析可知，对于一篇完整的英文说明文或者议论文来说，不论其形式看上去有多么复杂多样，但是套用一句老话："万变不离其宗"即文章都遵循了特定的篇章结构模式，在这些模式中采用频率最高的是"现象-解释型"型模式。这种模式的特点即提出问题(提出说明的事物或者现象)、分析问题(对事物或者现象进行说明)、解决问题(对说明的事物或者现象进行总结)。可见，如果我们熟悉了文章的篇章结构模式特点，对读懂文章和把握主题帮助极大，一般来说，我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同，其结构特点就会各异。因此，我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构，以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。

其实看看凯程考研怎么样，最简单的一个办法，看看他们有没有成功的学生，最直观的办法是到凯程网站，上面有大量学员经验谈视频，这些都是凯程扎扎实实的辅导案例，其他机构网站几乎没有考上学生的视频，这就是凯程和其他机构的优势，凯程是扎实辅导、严格管理、规范教学取得如此优秀的成绩。

辨别凯程和其他机构谁靠谱的办法。

第一招：看经验谈视频，凯程网站有经验谈视频，其他机构没有。

第二招：看有没有讲义。凯程有课程讲义，其他机构几乎没有，或者没有现成的讲义，说明他们没有辅导历史。

第三招：问问该专业今年辅导多少人。如果就招1-2个学生，那就无法请最好的老师，凯程大多数专业都是小班授课，招生人数多，自然请的老师质量高，授课量大，学习更加扎实。并且凯程和这些学校的老师联系更加紧密。

第四招：看集训营场地正规不正规。有些机构找个写字楼，临时租个宾馆，学习没有气氛，必须是正规教学楼、宿舍楼、操场、食堂，凯程就是正规教学楼、宿舍楼、食堂、操场等，配备空调、暖气、热水器、独立卫浴等。在凯程网站有大量集训营环境的照片，每个学员对我们的集训营学习气氛满意度超高。其他机构很多遮遮掩掩不提供，那就是集训营环境不行。

第五招：实地考察看看。

凯程在金融硕士、会计硕士、法硕、中传、教育学、教育硕士、财科所等名校名专业考研取得的成绩。对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程在2016年考研中，清华五道口金融学院考取13人（前五名都是凯程学员），清华经管6人，北大经院金融硕士8人，人大和贸大各15人，中财金融硕士10人，复旦上交上财等名校18人，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、

贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，会计硕士、中传、中戏、经济学等专业更是成绩突出，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

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