-中国饮食文化——英文版

China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China's local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine.

中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，还有其他很多著名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。

Shandong Cuisine

山东菜系

Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste.

山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重汤品。清汤清澈新鲜，而油汤外观厚重，味道浓重。济南菜系擅长炸，烤，煎，炒，而胶东菜系则以其烹饪海鲜的鲜淡而闻名。

Shandong is the birthplace of many famous ancient scholars such as Confucious and Mencius. And much of Shandong cuisine's history is as old as Confucious himself, making it the oldest existing major cuisine in China. But don't expect to gain more wisdom from a fortune cookie at a Shandong restaurant in the West since fortune cookies aren't even indigenous to China.

山东是许多著名学者的故乡，例如孔夫子和孟子。许多山东菜的历史和孔夫子一样悠久，使得山东菜系成为中国现存的最古老的主要菜系之一。但是不要期望在西方国家的山东菜馆里从签饼(中国餐馆的折叠形小饼,内藏有预测运气话语的纸条)获得更多的好运气，因为签饼在中国也不是本土的。

Shandong is a large peninsula surrounded by the sea to the East and the Yellow River meandering through the center. As a result, seafood is a major component of Shandong cuisine. Shandong's most famous dish is the Sweat and Sour Carp. A truly authentic Sweet and Sour Carp must come from the Yellow River. But with the current amount of pollution in the Yellow River, you would be better off if the carp was from elsewhere. Shandong dishes are mainly quick-fried, roasted, stir-fried or deep-fried. The dishes are mainly clear, fresh and fatty, perfect with Shandong's own famous beer, Qingdao Beer

山东是个巨大的被向东流去的大海环绕的半岛，黄河曲折的流经其中部。因此海鲜是山东菜系的主要构成。山东最著名的菜肴是糖醋鲤鱼。正宗的糖醋鲤鱼必须打捞自黄河。但是因为现在黄河的众多污染，其他地方的鲤鱼更好一些。山东菜主要是速炸，烧烤，炒或深炸。菜肴清新肥美，搭配山东本地的著名啤酒——青岛啤酒就完美了。

Sichuan Cuisine

四川菜系

Sichuan Cuisine, known often in the West as Szechuan Cuisine, is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil, pickling and braising are applied as basic cooking techniques. It cannot be said that one who does not experience Sichuan food ever reaches China.

四川菜系，是世界上最著名的中国菜系之一。四川菜系以其香辣而闻名，味道多变，着重使用红辣椒，搭配使用青椒和prickly ash，产生出经典的刺激的味道。此外，大蒜，姜和豆豉也被应用于烹饪过程中。野菜和野禽常被选用为原料，油炸，无油炸，腌制和文火炖煮是基本的烹饪技术。没有品尝过四川菜的人不算来过中国。

If you eat Sichuan cuisine and find it too bland, then you are probably not eating authentic Sichuan cuisine. Chili peppers and prickly ash are used in many dishes, giving it a distinctively spicy taste, called ma in Chinese. It often leaves a slight numb sensation in the mouth. However, most peppers were brought to China from the Americas in the 18th century so you can thank global trade for much of Sichuan cuisine's excellence. Sichuan hot pots are perhaps the most famous hotpots in the world, most notably the Yuan Yang （mandarin duck）Hotpot half spicy and half clear.

如果你吃四川菜，发现它过于柔和，那么你可能吃的不是正宗的四川菜。红绿辣椒被用在许多菜肴中，带来特别的辣味，在中国文字里叫麻，通常会在口中留下麻木的感觉。然而，多数青椒是在18世纪从美国传入中国的，因此你应当为四川菜的精妙而感谢全球贸易。四川火锅也许是世界上最出名的火锅，尤其是半辣半清的鸳鸯火锅。

Guangdong Cuisine

广东菜系

Cantonese food originates from Guangdong, the southernmost province in China. The majority of overseas Chinese people are from Guangdong （Canton）so Cantonese is perhaps the most widely available Chinese regional cuisine outside of China.

广东菜源自于中国最南部的省份广东省。大多数华侨来自广东，因此广东菜也许是国外最广

泛的中国地方菜系。

Cantonese are known to have an adventurous palate, able to eat many different kinds of meats and vegetables. In fact, people in Northern China often say that Cantonese people will eat anything that flies except airplanes, anything that moves on the ground except trains, and anything that moves in the water except boats. This statement is far from the truth, but Cantonese food is easily one of the most diverse and richest cuisines in China. Many vegetables originate from other parts of the world. It doesn't use much spice, bringing out the natural flavor of the vegetables and meats.

广东人热衷于尝试用各种不同的肉类和蔬菜。事实上，中国北方人常说，广东人吃天上飞的，除了飞机；地上爬的，除了火车；水里游的，除了船儿。这一陈述很不属实，但是广东菜是各类丰富的中国菜系之一。使用很多来自世界其他地方的蔬菜，不大使用辣椒，而是带出蔬菜和肉类自身的风味。

Tasting clear, light, crisp and fresh, Guangdong cuisine, familiar to Westerners, usually chooses raptors and beasts to produce originative dishes. Its basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, sauteing, deep-frying, braising, stewing and steaming. Among them steaming and stir-frying are more commonly applied to preserve the natural flavor. Guangdong chefs also pay much attention to the artistic presentation of dishes.

广东菜系，味道清，淡，脆，鲜，为西方人所熟知，常用猛禽走兽来烹饪出有创意的菜肴。它的基础烹饪方法包括烤，炒，煸，深炸，烤，炖和蒸。其中蒸和炒最常用于保存天然风味。广东厨师也注重于菜肴的艺术感。

Fujian Cuisine

福建菜系

Consisting of Fuzhou Cuisine, Quanzhou Cuisine and Xiamen Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine is distinguished for its choice seafood, beautiful color and magic taste of sweet, sour, salty and savory. The most distinct features are their "pickled taste".

福建菜系由福州菜，泉州菜，厦门菜组成，以其精选的海鲜，漂亮的色泽，甜，酸，咸和香的味道而出名。最特别的是它的“卤味”。

Jiangsu Cuisine

江苏菜系

Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Aquatics as the main ingredients, it stresses the freshness of materials. Its carving techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well known. Cooking techniques consist of stewing, braising, roasting, simmering, etc. The flavor of Huaiyang Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance. Jiangsu cuisine is well known for its careful selection

of ingredients, its meticulous preparation methodology, and its not-too-spicy, not-too-bland taste. Since the seasons vary in climate considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year. If the flavor is strong, it isn't too heavy; if light, not too bland.

江苏菜，又叫淮阳菜，流行于在淮阳湖下流。以水产作为主要原料，注重原料的鲜味。其雕刻技术十分珍贵，其中瓜雕尤其著名。烹饪技术包括炖，烤，焙，煨等。淮阳菜的特色是淡，鲜，甜，雅。江苏菜系以其精选的原料，精细的准备，不辣不温的口感而出名。因为江苏气候变化很大，江苏菜系在一年之中也有变化。味道强而不重，淡而不温。

Zhejiang Cuisine

浙江菜系

Comprising local cuisines of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing, Zhejiang Cuisine, not greasy, wins its reputation for freshness, tenderness, softness, smoothness of its dishes with mellow fragrance. Hangzhou Cuisine is the most famous one among the three.

浙江菜系由杭州菜，宁波菜，绍兴菜，组成，不油腻，以其菜肴的鲜，柔，滑，香而闻名。杭州菜是这三者中最出名的一个。

Hunan cuisine

湖南菜系

Hunan cuisine consists of local Cuisines of Xiangjiang Region, Dongting Lake and Xiangxi coteau. It characterizes itself by thick and pungent flavor. Chili, pepper and shallot are usually necessaries in this division.

湖南菜系由湘江地区，洞亭湖和湘西的地方菜肴组成。它以其极辣的味道为特色。红辣椒，青辣椒和青葱在这一菜系中的必备品。

Anhui Cuisine

安徽菜系

Anhui Cuisine chefs focus much more attention on the temperature in cooking and are good at braising and stewing. Often hams will be added to improve taste and sugar candy added to gain

安徽厨师注重于烹饪的温度，擅长煨炖。通常会加入火腿和方糖来改善菜肴的味道。

中国饮食文化英文介绍

Chinese Food Culture 1.Characteristics of cuisines in southern part of China Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the 'Eight Cuisines'. These are as follows: Shandong Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine and Anhui Cuisine. We have roughly separated Chinese cuisine into two genres. They are Cuisines of the north part and the southern part. Cuisines of the southern part of China are really featured. They have various differences with northern cuisine. Firstly, abundant rain drops and sunlight in South China provide favorable conditions for the growth of millet and rice. Compared with people in North China who have to spend much time in cold weather, people in South China are less preferable to meat diet, which contains lots of fat and protein. Southern Chinese prefer plant diet quite a lot. Many people are accustomed to drink soup both before and after the meal. Guangdong Soup(老火靓汤) Secondly, South China is one of the most developed areas in China. It welcomes people from the entire world. As a result, Southern Cuisine, especially Guangdong Cuisine, emphasizes a flavor which is clear but not light, refreshing but not common, tender but not crude. Thirdly,People in South China tend to be more careful and sensitive than northern people. As a result, their dishes as well as appearance are really cute and attractive. Just like dim sum(点心), which means “touch the heart”, is one of the most famous Cantonese meal. It consists of a variety of delicacies and is usually served for breakfast or dinner. Spicy-hot Fish麻辣鱼Mapo Tofu (Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce)麻婆豆腐Pork Rips排骨)Penaeus orientalis对虾 2.Characteristics of cuisines in northern part of China Cuisines of the north part of China have several characteristics. people in the north tend to eat cooked wheaten food. Or in other words, people eat more food made of flour. This is because the climate here is temperate continental climate, which means there are less rain drops and sunlight. And this climate provides favorable conditions for the growth of wheat. First,When it comes to cooked wheaten food, there is a place many people are familiar with. That is Shanxi(山西). As the saying goes, “east or west, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is best”. Shanxi is famous for its diverse and delicious cooked wheaten food. With a history of 2000years, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is gaining more and more popularity at home and even abroad. Cooked wheaten food in Shanxi,there are round 280 kinds of cooked wheaten food, among which the sliced noodles is the most renowned one. Apart from the sliced noodles刀削面, boiled food also includes hand-pulled noodles拉面, He lao饸饹）Tijian,剔尖Maoerduo猫耳朵, Jiupian(揪片) ，which are all delicious and tasty. As for the cooked food, it includes fried cake(炸糕)、Yi wo su(一窝酥)、fried dough twist （麻花）,Shuai bing(甩饼) and so on. Other steamed wheaten food includes steamed bun、You mian kao lao（莜面栲栳）、Gao liang mian yu（高粱面鱼）. Second, food in the north is often more salty and greasy than that in the south.

中国饮食文化英文介绍

中国饮食文化英文介绍 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：中国饮食文化——英文版 China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China’s local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，

还有其他很多著名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重

中国饮食文化提纲

中国饮食文化授课提纲 一、中国饮食 “民以食为天”，饮食对人类的生存和繁衍起着决定性的作用，五代时晋泉州道人谭景升在《化书》中说过：“一日不食则惫，二日不食则病，三日不食则死，民事之急无甚于食。”此道理深刻地说明了饮食对人类自下而上的重要性。作为中国饮食文化的物质财富，主要由主食、副食和饮品三个部分构成。中国饮食的宗旨是：以味为核心，以养为目的。 二、中国文化 文化所涵盖的范围很广，最基本的定义可以归纳为两大类：一类是广义的“文化”概念，即人类在改造自然，进行社会活动的实践中所创造、引发的一切物质、行为和精神现象及相互联系的事物的总和；另一类是狭义的“文化”概念，即人类实践活动中一切行为、精神现象及其联系的总和。(张廉明、孙玉书、陈学真) 文化可以划分为两大体系：技术体系和价值体系。 文化的技术体系是指人类在加工自然而成的技术的、器物的、非人格的、客观的东西。 文化的价值体系是指人类在加工自然，塑造自我的过程中形成的规范的、精神的、人格的、主观的东西。 三、中国饮食文化及基本特征 （一）中国饮食文化 中国饮食文化是指中国人在长期的饮食实践活动中创造出来的物质财富和精神财富的总和。 中国饮食文化技术体系包括烹饪生产过程中的技术要素，生产技术产品、消费方式以及上述诸方面之间的联系及其发展、演变。凡是从物质形态表现出来的都应属于中国饮食文化技术体系的范围。 中国饮食文化的价值体系是指中华民族在长期饮食生活实践中形成的规范的精神的、人格的、主观的文化成就。其中包括学科理论及有关联系、比较等研究成果和在饮食生产消费过程中所产生的价值观念和行为准则。例如，在历史名宴中所追求的精食、佳茗（茶）、美器、可人（美女）、良辰（吉日吉时）、美景（环境）、韵事（文化内涵）等方面的完美统一，体现了与宴者的价值观念和审美情趣。（中国以味为核心；以养为目的）（二）中国饮食文化的基本特征 中国饮食文化之所以能卓立于世界饮食文化之林，基于它所具有的鲜明而突出的特点。主要表现在以下三个方面： 1．中国饮食文化有着漫长的发展历程、深厚的文化积淀和稳定的结构体系。其主要内容可以归纳为重食、重养、重味、重利和重理。 2．饮食文化涉及科学门类繁多，博大精深，堪称独秀于世，其主要表现在：分类繁多，流派纷呈，世界地位显耀等方面。 3．中国饮食文化具有鲜明的民族个性，强大的兼收并蓄的能力和旺盛的生命力，这主要包括（1）五味调和，以味为本；（2）医食同源，疗养并重；（3）注重造型，怡趣形象（文化底蕴）；（4）和（合谐）节（节约）范（规范）适（适可而止），平衡膳食（营养）等方面。 四、中国饮食在世界的地位与影响 1．世界四大烹饪国之一，世界四大烹饪国：中国、法国、意大利、土耳其。 2．世界三大菜系之一，世界三大菜系：以中国为代表的东方菜系，以法国为代表的西方菜系，以土耳其为代表的清真菜系。 3．世界四大风味流派之一，世界四大风味流派：以味为核心的中国风味流派（用嘴吃饭），以色、形为核心的日本风味流派（用眼吃饭），以香为核心的法国风味流派（用鼻子吃饭），以养为核心的美国风味流派（用脑子吃饭）。 4．世界三大就餐形式之一，世界三大就餐形式：以中国的筷箸形式（模仿鸟类）、西方的刀叉形式（模仿老虎）、伊斯兰的手抓形式(右手抓饭、左手方便)。 5．世界四大营养类型之一，世界四大营养类型：西方的富贵型（消耗动物蛋白质200公斤左右）、日本的小康型（消耗动物蛋白质100公斤左右）、中国的温饱型（消耗动物蛋白质50——70公斤左右）、落后地区的贫穷型（消耗动物蛋白质20公斤以下）。四大国粹：中医、烹饪、京剧、国画（无数） 五、中国饮食文化发展历程（人类文化与饮食文化同步、150万年左右人与动物分开；用恩格斯的话讲：熟食最终将人类与动物分开；书市是人类发展的前提） 中国饮食文化的发展历程悠久、漫长，大体可分为萌芽、形成、成熟、繁荣、发展、提高六个阶段。

中国饮食文化英文版

China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China's local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，还有其他很多着名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重汤品。清汤清澈新鲜，而油汤外观厚重，味道浓重。济南菜系擅长炸，烤，煎，炒，而胶东菜系则以其烹饪海鲜的鲜淡而闻名。Shandong is the birthplace of many famous ancient scholars such as Confucious and Mencius. And much of Shandong cuisine's history is as old as Confucious himself, making it the oldest existing major cuisine in China. But don't expect to gain more wisdom from a fortune cookie at a Shandong restaurant in the West since fortune cookies aren't even indigenous to China. 山东是许多着名学者的故乡，例如孔夫子和孟子。许多山东菜的历史和孔夫子一样悠久，使得山东菜系成为中国现存的最古老的主要菜系之一。但是不要期望在西方国家的山东菜馆里从签饼(中国餐馆的折叠形小饼,内藏有预测运气话语的纸条)获得更多的好运气，因为签饼在中国也不是本土的。 Shandong is a large peninsula surrounded by the sea to the East and the Yellow River meandering through the center. As a result, seafood is a major component of Shandong cuisine. Shandong's most famous dish is the Sweat and Sour Carp. A truly authentic Sweet and Sour Carp must come from the Yellow River. But with the current amount of pollution in the Yellow River, you would be better off if the carp was from elsewhere. Shandong dishes are mainly quick-fried, roasted, stir-fried or deep-fried. The dishes are mainly clear, fresh and fatty, perfect with Shandong's own famous beer, Qingdao Beer 山东是个巨大的被向东流去的大海环绕的半岛，黄河曲折的流经其中部。因此海鲜是山东菜系的主要构成。山东最着名的菜肴是糖醋鲤鱼。正宗的糖醋鲤鱼必须打捞自黄河。但是因为现在黄河的众多污染，其他地方的鲤鱼更好一些。山东菜主要是速炸，烧烤，炒或深炸。菜肴清新肥美，搭配山东本地的着名啤酒——青岛啤酒就完美了。 Sichuan Cuisine 四川菜系 Sichuan Cuisine, known often in the West as Szechuan Cuisine, is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil,

我对中国饮食文化的理解

我对中国饮食文化的理解 摘要：中国是文明古国，亦是悠久饮食文化芝地。中国饮食文化是一种广视野、深层次多角度、高品位、历史悠久的区域文化，是中国各族人民在100多万年的生产和生活实践中，在食源开发、食具研制、食品调理、营养保健和饮食审美等方面创造、积累并影响周边和世界的物质财富和精神财富。 关键字：中国饮食文化；特点；食具研制；食物器皿；营养保健；饮食审美；影响；弊端 人生在世，吃穿二事，很早我们就只到了这句话。人虽然作为高级动物，但仍需要与普通动物一样：“吃”。古人就有：“民以食为天”之说，见面常问“吃过没有？”足见饮食文化的地位。饮食是人类生存与发展的第一需要，也是社会生活的基本形式之一。然而不同的文化背景，有着不同的饮食观念和饮食习俗，最终形成不同的饮食文化。 中国饮食文化的历史源远流长，拨打精深。它经历了几千年的发展历史，已经成为中国传统文化的一个重要组成部分，在长期待发展、演变和积累过程中，中国人从饮食结构、食物制作、食物器具、营养保健和饮食审美等方面，逐渐形成了自己独特的饮食民俗，最终创造了具体独特风味的中国饮食文化，成为世界饮食文化宝库中的一颗璀璨的明珠。西方的一些国家汇集着各国的移民，深受各国饮食文化的影响，博采众长，并结合自己的饮食习惯，形成精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。 一、饮食结构 我国历史悠久，地域辽阔，地理环境多样，气候条件丰富，动植物品类繁多，这都为我国的饮食提供了坚实的物质基础。我们的祖先在漫长的生活实践中，不断选育和创造了丰富多样的食物资源，使得我国的食物来源异常广博。从先秦开始，中国人的膳食结构就是以粮、豆、蔬、果、谷类等植物性食料为基础，主、副食界线分明。主食是五谷，副食是蔬菜，外加少量的肉食。据《武林旧事》记载的一次盛宴便举例菜肴有200多道，其中，以猪、鸭、鱼、吓等物经烤煮等诸多工艺制作成的有41道，有42道果品和蜜饯，有20道多类蔬菜，有29道各类鱼干，有17种饮料，还有59道点心等。所涉及的食物种类繁多，天上地下水生陆长和各种生物几乎无所不食，形成了令人眼花缭乱的饮食结构。可见，在南宋时期中国的饮食文化趋于成熟。据调查中国人吃的蔬菜有600多种，比西方多六倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品。我国的主食以稻米和小麦为主，另外小米、玉米、麦芥、土豆红薯和各种藻类也占有一席之地。除了米线以外，各种面食，如馒头、面条、油条以及各种粥类、饼类和变化万千的小吃类使得人们的餐桌丰富多彩。 二、食物制作 中国传统菜肴对于烹调方法极为讲究，常见的方法有：煮、蒸、烧、炖、烹、煎、炒、炸、烩、爆、溜、卤、扒、酥、焖、拌等。而且长期以来，由于物产和风俗的差异，各地的饮食习惯和品位爱好迥然不同，源远流长的烹调技术经过历代人民的创造，形成了丰富多彩的地方菜系，如闽菜、川菜、粤菜、京菜、鲁菜、苏菜、湘菜等等。各色菜系的制作方法更有特色：京菜的涮、烤；湖北菜得煨、滑；四川菜则以味多、味广、味重、味辣及多变为特色······中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于口味饿精美。而美味的产生，又在于五味的调和。同时，追求色、香、味、形、艺的有机统一。中国的饮食强调味道，口感

中国饮食英文论文

摘要 中国饮食文化博大精深、源远流长是来华外宾了解中国文化的一个重要窗口。菜铺上的菜名对人们有着很好的指示作用,它传神的表达出菜本身的特点和美好寓意。与此同时,随着我国日益与国际接轨,中国菜越来越受外国友人的亲睐。特别是2008奥运会的举办成功，有一次以最震撼最夺目的方式把中国推向世界。 但由于中国饮食烹饪方式多样，文化内涵丰富，相关专业性强，因而容易导致中国菜名的英译错误。中国菜名的英译错误不仅不能准确的表达出菜本身的特点,还给人留下不好的印象,闹出了国际笑话。因此，如果我们在翻译的时候把握翻译原则，注意灵活运用相关的翻译方法，中国菜名的翻译不至于成为翻译的“拦路虎”。 关键词：中国菜名; 翻译原则；翻译方法 注意：关键词应是3至5个名词

Abstract Chinese diet culture, with a long history, is rich and profound, which has become an important window for the foreign guests to get acquainted with Chinese culture. Chinese dish names on the menu have a good indication for people. It vividly expresses the characteristics of the food and good moral. At the same time, as our country increasingly has interfaced with international, Chinese dishes are becoming more and more popular among foreigners. Because of 2008 Olympic Games in China, it is one of the most brilliant ways to show China to the whole world. However, different Chinese food cooking ways, rich food culture and professional strong bring about difficulties for translation. Chinese dishes translation error can’t express the characteristics of the food and give people a bad impression. Therefore, we should grasp the translation principles and note the flexible use of relevant translation method. Keywords: Chinese dish names; translation principles; translation methods (注意：中英文Abstract摘要标题用小二号黑体)（内容用小四号）

2013年10月中国饮食文化试题及答案

全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试 中国饮食文化试题 课程代码：00986 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1．区别不同饮食风味流派的重要标志是A A．口味B．地区 C．制作者D．消费者 2．我国的茶叶根据制作工艺可以分为 C A．3大类B．5大类 C．7大类D．9大类 3．随着陶器向青铜器的过渡以及烹饪原料的扩大，烹饪技法又有了进一步的创新，其中，红烧在当时称为A A．臛B．齑(切碎) C．燔D．醢（肉酱制作） 4．周代的宴会种类繁多，其中乡里大夫举荐贤者并为之送行而举行的宴饮被称为C A．燕礼(私亲旧故间的宴饮) B．射礼（练习和比赛射箭的宴饮） C．乡饮酒礼D．聘礼（诸侯相互聘问之礼时的宴饮） 5．唐代医学著作《千金要方》，内容非常丰富，其中有食治专篇，其作者是A A．孙思邈B．张仲景 C．陈士良D．李时珍 6．属于粤菜的典型代表是C A．松鼠鳜鱼(淮扬菜) B．油爆双脆（鲁菜） C．金龙脆皮乳猪D．樟茶鸭子(川菜) 7．菜系的初步形成是在B A．唐代B．宋代 C．明代D．清代

8．中国不同的节日饮不同的酒，吃粽子、饮雄黄酒的习俗是在B A．清明节B．端午节 C．七夕节D．重阳节（饮“菊花酒”；吃羊肉面；吃花糕） 9．明清两代的文人宴会上，用以检测文化的学识与机敏程度的酒令是D A．投壶令（春秋战国）B．八仙令 C．交错令D．四书令 10．用全发酵法制成的茶是A A．红茶B．绿茶 C．青茶D．黄茶 11．并称为世界三大高香名茶的是印度大吉岭茶、斯里兰卡乌伐茶和中国的A A．祁红B．滇红 C．闽红D．川红 12．在菜肴的配色方案中，色彩给人视觉的醒目程度最强的是D A．紫色B．绿色 C．蓝色D．红色 13．饮食消费文化的社会功能首先在于D A．提高饮食生活水平B．提高饮食消费档次 C．提高餐饮环境品味D．提高全民综合素质(其次是消费风气的积极引导) (经济功能是塑造良好的饮食产品形象和和谐氛围，创造适宜的饮食投资环境和饮食消费环境) 14．中国古代有“五礼”，吉礼、凶礼、军礼、宾礼、嘉礼，其中军礼指的是C A．宾客之事B．祭祀之事 C．军旅之事D．冠婚之事 (吉礼是对先祖与各种神只进行祈求福祥的礼节。凶礼是指哀邦国之忧的丧葬礼节，还包括对天灾人祸的哀吊。宾礼是诸侯对王的朝见、诸侯间的聘问和会盟等之礼节。军礼是战争、田猎、筑城等动员大量人力的活动的礼节，即大师之礼、大田之礼等。嘉礼是为了亲善万民的礼节，包括婚礼、冠礼、飨燕礼、庆贺礼、宾谢礼等。所有礼制，是法律的补充，强调贵贱等级的区分和贵族社会的正常运作。) 15．用昆虫为原料制作很多风味菜肴的西南少数民族是B A．布朗族B．傣族 C．彝族D．白族 16．体现出别致的快餐文化的文学作品是C A．《红楼梦》B．《三国演义》 C．《水浒传》D．《西游记》 17．不同宗教在饮食方面的特点不同，其中服气、服药追求长生不老的文化特点源于A A．道教B．佛教 C．伊斯兰教D．基督教

中国饮食文化选修课 复习资料

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中国饮食文化浅析

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中国饮食文化第一章

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中国美食文化英语美文

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