2018年高考英语真题分类汇编：记叙文类阅读理解

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编：记叙文类阅读理解

一、阅读理解（共3题；共26分）

1.（2018?卷Ⅲ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。B

Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.

Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no

interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.

（1）What attracted the early settlers to New York City?

A. Its business culture.

B. Its small population.

C. Its geographical position.

D. Its favourable climate.

（2）What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?

A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.

B. One out of five people got rich.

C. Almost everyone gave up.

D. Half of them died.

（3）What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?

A. They found the city too crowded.

B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.

C. They were unable to stand the winter.

D. They were short of food.

（4）What is the text mainly about?

A. The rise and fall of a city.

B. The gold rush in Canada.

C. Journeys into the wilderness.

D. Tourism in Dawson.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【考点】主旨大意题，细节理解题，社会文化类，记叙文

【解析】【分析】本文讲述加拿大城市Dawson兴衰的过程。通常一个城市因为它的优越的地理位置而变得越来越繁荣，像纽约，伦敦等，但是也有一些城市能在一夜之间变得拥挤不堪，像加拿大的Dawson，因为金子的发现吸引了上万人来到这里，但是随着金子资源的枯竭人们相继离开了这里，使得这里又变成了一个只有几百人的荒凉之地。

（1）细节理解。由题目中的New York City可以在文章的第一段第二、三句定位：人们在这些地方定居是因为这些地方容易到达，并合适交流和贸易，纽约就是因为在哈德逊河口的一个大海港附近，所以吸引人们去纽约定居的原因是它的地理位置，故答案为C。

（2）细节理解。根据题目中的first dug for gold in Dawson可知答案在第二段最后Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich，可知在第一批挖金子的2万人中有4千人变富了，也就是五分之一的人致富，故答案为B。

（3）细节理解。人们离开Dawson的原因，通过leave在最后一段第四句后半部分 when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come可知人们离开Dawson的原因是听说阿拉斯加有金子，他们要去哪里碰碰运气，故答案为B。

（4）主旨大意。本文首先提到城市兴起的普遍原因，然后话锋一转，在第一段用了But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time，在接下来的文字中讲述加拿大城市Dawson的兴衰过程，可知本文主要是谈论城市的兴衰，故

答案为A。

【点评】这是一篇记叙文，通过对Dawson的兴衰历程的描写来说明地理位置对于城市的发展是至关重要的。答题时要善于利用题目中的关键词在文章中定位，从而找到符合问题的答案。

2.（2018?北京）阅读理解A

My First Marathon（马拉松）

A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.

I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.

The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!

The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.

Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!

At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂

By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

By mile 21, I was starving!

As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.

I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.

（1）A month before the marathon, the author ____________.

A. was well trained

B. felt scared

C. made up his mind to

run D. lost hope

（2）Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?

A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.

B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.

C. To show he was not talented in sports.

D. To share a precious memory. （3）How was the author's first marathon?

A. He made it.

B. He quit halfway.

C. He got the first prize.

D. He walked to the end.

（4）What does the story mainly tell us?

A. A man owes his success to his family support.

B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.

C. Failure is the mother of success.

D. One is never too old to learn. 【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【考点】主旨大意题，细节理解题，人物故事类，人生百味类，记叙文

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4．（多选）地下矿井中的矿石装在矿车中,用电机通过竖井运送至地面。某竖井中矿车提升的速度大小v随时间t的变化关系如图所示,其中图线①②分别描述两次不同的提升过程,它们变速阶段加速度的大小都相同；两次提升的高度相同,提升的质量相等。不考虑摩擦阻力和空气阻力。对于第①次和第②次提升过程, A. 矿车上升所用的时间之比为4:5 B. 电机的最大牵引力之比为2:1 C. 电机输出的最大功率之比为2:1 D. 电机所做的功之比为4:5 【来源】2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试物理（全国III卷） 为2∶1,选项C正确；加速上升过程的加速度a1=,加速上升过程的牵引力F1=ma1+mg=m(+g),减速上升过程的加速度a2=-,减速上升过程的牵引力F2=ma2+mg=m(g -),匀速运动过程的牵引力F 3=mg。第次提升过程做功W1=F1××t0×v0+ F2××t0×v0=mg v0t0；第次提升过 程做功W2=F1××t0×v0+ F3×v0×3t0/2+ F2××t0×v0 =mg v0t0；两次做功相同,选项D错误。

2018年高考英语真题专题汇编从句

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阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，6分话题：骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数：274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals.