评刘若瑞版《麦琪的礼物》

评中文翻译《麦琪的礼物》

《The Gift of Magi 》即《麦琪的礼物》是美国著名文学家欧·亨利写的一篇短篇小说，它通过写在圣诞节前一天，一对小夫妻互赠礼物，结果阴差阳错，两人珍贵的礼物都变成了无用的东西，而他们却得到了比任何实物都宝贵的东西——爱，告诉人们尊重他人的爱，学会去爱他人，是人类文明的一个重要表现。这篇文章在初中时就已经被学习，今天我从英汉互译的角度来评价一下中文版的《麦琪的礼物》。

众所周知，“反译法”是英译汉中常用的翻译技巧之一，所谓反译法就是指原文从正面表达的,译文可以从反面着笔翻译,如把肯定句译成否定句,或者把否定句译成肯定句。不同民族的思维方法和用来反映思维的方法往往是不同的，例如，英语民族从正面来表达一个思想，而汉语则可以、有时甚至是必须从反面来表达。例如《麦琪的礼物》中的一句话：in the vestibule below was a letter box into which no letter would go ,and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring.汉语译为楼下的甬道里有一个信箱，但是永远不会有信件投进去，还有一个电铃，鬼才能把它按响。译者把原文from which no mortal finger could coax a ring 用反译法译译得十分传神，但如果按照原文的否定形式译，恐怕意识就不会那样贴切，译文也会令人感到索然无味。

欧·亨利是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，虽然The Gift of the Magi ①是其广为流传的优秀作品，曾被收录中学课本，但对于这篇小说的翻译版本，一直存在许多的争论。对于翻译的标准和原则，我国学者严复最早提出“信、达、雅”的标准——“信”即忠实于原文，“达”即翻译的流畅，“雅”即译文的典雅。这一翻译标准至今仍对我国翻译界存在影响。此外，德国著名功能派翻译理论代表人物莱斯对译文按照功能划分为不同的标准：描述性文本，即报道和说明类文本，应注重客观表达所要表达的内容；表达性文本，即各种文学性文本，应注重语言的表达形式；祈使性文本，主要指各种宣传类文本（广告，宗教和政治宣传等），这类文本翻译应注重宣传和感染效果。依据莱斯的观点，The Gift of the Magi属于表达性文本，应注重语言表达的形式，即应忠实于作者的情感立场和语言表达风格。

在The Gift of the Magi这篇小说中，作者讲述了一对小人物的看似很平常的故事，它主要讲述了圣诞节的前一天，住在公寓里的贫穷的德拉想给丈夫吉姆一个惊喜，可是她只有1.87美元，她知道这点钱根本不够买什么好的礼物，于是她把引以自豪的褐色瀑布似的秀发剪下来卖了，换来了20美元。找遍了各家商店，德拉花去21美元，终于买到一条朴素的白金表链，这可以配上吉姆的那块金表。而吉姆也想给老婆一个惊喜，他同样卖掉了引以自豪的金表，买了德拉羡慕渴望已久的全套漂亮的梳子作圣诞礼物。夫妇俩为了给彼此准备礼物而费尽周折，礼物最终买回来了，却让人哭笑不得。欧亨利在这篇小说中运用了他一贯的幽默语调和简练的语言，选取了一个生活中看似很平常的故事，但故事中又带有淡淡的哀伤，结尾也出乎意料。由于故事情节主要是靠素材体现，故大部分翻译都能保留原作的跌宕起伏；而对语言的整体选择，大部分译文都体现出简单和口语化的特点，The Gift of the Magi”。对于标题的翻译也有几个不同的版本，大家所熟知的中文标题为“麦琪的礼物”。此外，也有其他的译法，如“东方博士的礼物”、“贤人的礼物”。为什么会产生这些不同的版本呢？我们首先分析一下标题的含义。标题中的the Magi②，实为magus③的复数形式，出自《圣经》典故：指东方三贤人，他们在耶稣诞生时给耶稣送去黄金、乳香、没药三件礼物。黄金表示高贵、乳香象征神圣、没药预示耶稣最后要受迫害致死。以英语作为第一语言的人，都会知道the Magi的寓意，即象征智慧和神圣，看到小说的这个题目自然就能领会这种表达法的含义。但是翻译的目标读者，由于固有的文化差异，很多并不熟知这个典故，所以看到这个题目未必能够明白其中隐含的深层意思。读者即便借助注解能明白the Magi的意思，但仍然很难产生自然的联想。就象汉语中我们用“说曹操曹操到”

这个短句一样，我们汉语的读者一目了然，在其他语言中却似乎无法用一两句解释让读者清楚“曹操”深刻的文化含义。可能正是基于这个缘故，为了使读者更容易理解标题中包含的寓意，伍蠡甫先生最早将The Gift of the Magi翻译成“东方博士的礼物”。可以肯定，参照《圣经》中的典故，这样翻译保留了the Magi的真实寓意，似乎也符合了“信”的标准，但这样的翻译却又难免让人觉得太直白，失去了小说原有的意境。依照莱斯的翻译标准来看，文学作品重在欣赏和体味文章的感情和语言，而这一翻译很明显丢掉了原文原有的色彩。

后来王永年先生将the Magi译为“麦琪”，这显然是音译。此译法难免也有其弊端。首先，译文读者大多不知道典故来源，一眼看到标题“麦琪的礼物”，几乎无一例外的以为“麦琪”是故事主人公的名字。所以有必要为其加一个注解，加注解后，“麦琪”的含义非常清楚。翻译中遇到这类有典故的文化问题，音译加注解不失为一个聪明的解决方法之一。它既能保持原作风味，又能促进文化交流，不失为上策。故之后的翻译也大都沿用了“麦琪的礼物”

这一翻译方法。

两种译本比较来看，“东方博士的礼物”与“麦琪的礼物”两种译法的不同并不能绝对的区分孰对孰错或是否忠实于原文的问题，只是所达到的效果有差别。如果是对于领悟能力较低的初级读者，译者将the Magi译成“东方博士”或者“贤人”既能使读者避免对小说的标题产生误解，又能使读者深刻领会原文the Magi的含义。而对于文学爱好者，翻译成“麦琪”，则一方面有助于中国读者自发的去探究更深层的英语典故，有助于使中国读者接受和熟知西方文化，有利于文化交流；另一方面也有助于读者品味欧亨利的写作风格。

几个译本对标题翻译体现了不同的目的和原则，对于小说整体语言的运用亦存在些许差异。比如对钱币翻译，由于各个国家对钱币的衡量尺度不同，形式也不同，这就造成了“sixty cents ofit was in pennies”翻译的多种多样，“其中六角是铜板”，“其中六毛钱是铜子儿凑起来的”，“而且六毛是钢币”，“而且其中的六毛是小硬币凑成的”……这些翻译中大都是融入了中国的文化，且前两种译法可以看出明显的古代文化。当我们的文化中没有这样的概念时，或许这是理所当然的办法。而这样译的好处是使中国的读者觉得很亲切，也很容易想象出“零散”和“拼凑”的概念，容易体会出作者所表达的感情色彩。然而，文化交流的问题再一次摆在面前——中国的读者读懂了小说的大概意思，然而我们仍然不知道美国人是怎么样花钱的，或者说美国的钱币是什么样的。如果是本着这一目的，我认为翻译成“六十美分是零钱”或者“六十美分是便士”则能够更好的传达这一概念。

此外，这对小夫妇有两样特别引为豪的东西——吉姆三代祖传的金表和德拉的头发。如果示巴女王住在天井对面的公寓里，德拉总有一天会把她的头发悬在窗外去晾干，使那位女王的珠宝和礼物相形见绌。如果所罗门王当了看门人，把他所有的财富都堆在地下室里，吉姆每次经过那儿时准会掏出他的金表看看，好让所罗门妒忌得吹胡子瞪眼睛④。

示巴女王和所罗门王都是旧约圣经中非常富有的人物，拥有各种珍奇宝贝，文中通过与示巴女王和所罗门王的夸张对比映衬出珍宝在夫妇俩真爱面前黯然失色。对于这一表现手法，各个译本几乎一致的采用了保留原有文化中的人物，而后通过注解使得中文的读者对此有了一定了解。这也恰恰验证了这才是符合翻译的最初目标，也是众多读者需求的。

仅从这几处，我们可以看出翻译中难以避免文化差异问题。如何处理这一问题，重要的是看读者和翻译目的。如果仅是为了普及这一故事或者为了让读者知道欧亨利的作品，或许“入乡随俗”采用中国读者更熟悉的概念让读者觉得更容易理解；而如果翻译的目的是为了中西文化的交流，还是尽量保留其原有文化，虽然读者最初并不熟知，但看得多了才能真正慢慢了解西方文化。

结语

翻译的最初目的是文化的传播，而在翻译过程中，难免遇到不同国家截然不同的文化现象，这就给翻译增加了难度。文学作品中的文化差异，更是给翻译家们提出了更高要求，因

为翻译不仅要考虑文化传递的任务，还要尽量保留其文学价值。而面对不同层次的读者，翻译还应有不同的标准，这样才能使译作最终符合读者所需。

niversity(Soc.Sci ) Vol. 30 No.5 May 2009 因误译而失真的《麦琪的礼物》孔令林( 黔南民族师范学院外语系,贵州摘都匀558000 ) 要: 英语学习大书虫研究室翻译的《麦琪的礼物》有太多的译文不符合汉语习惯, 中, 走失原文精神, 从而不能准确传达原文精神, 使读者不能很好地欣赏这些作品. 关键词:分析; 误译; 理解; 表达中图分类号:

H315.9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1673-2596 (2009 05-0114-02 ) (3 Soapy did likewise, with a presentiment that luck ) would again run against him.索比也照着那样子做了, 有一种预感, 就是好运又将会撞上他. ) (P26 无论是根据上下文还是字义都不该作上述翻译, run 了. (4 Whenever you pay more than 10 cents a cake for ) soap you buy bad perfumes and labels.不管什么时候, 你付你就等于买了差出多于10 美分的钱买一块蛋糕或是肥皂, 劲的香料与商标. ) (P31 这里根本就没有谈到"蛋糕" 的问cake 在这里的只不过是个量词, "块" 表示之意罢了, 这题, 里属低级误译. 笔者改译如下: 无论何时, 你买一块肥

皂的那就等于是买了那差劲的香料和牌子罢了. 钱超过1 毛, (5 I guess I could lay my hands on eleven millions ) within twenty- four hours…我猜着, 我在二十四小时之内, 能够把我的手放到一千一百万美元上面(P32 把lay my ) hands on eleven millions 译作"把我的手放到一千一百万美元上面"那是没理解lay one' hands on…,可译为: , s 我想我能在二十四小时内搞定一千一百万的现金. 二,语言呆板表达不当"英语学习大书虫世界文学名著文库" 《麦琪的礼中的物》(王惠君, 王惠玲主译) 这本译著收录了美国短篇小说[1] 大师欧亨利的一些作品, 对中国读者了解这位文学大师的作品起到了一定的桥梁作用. 该

书是英汉对照全译本, 可以方便读者进行中英文对照阅读,更好地理解英语原文和英汉的对比, 还可帮助读者提高自己的英语水平, 文学修养和但这部译著因有太多的误译而失真, 使跨文化交际的水平. 读者不能很好地欣赏这些作品.笔者主要从语言的理解和表达方面, 分析该译著中的误译, 并尝试提出一定的修改. 在翻译活动中, 我们必须遵循"忠实" "通顺" 和这两条这本译著中的很多译文不符合汉语习惯, 走失原文标准, [2] against 不是"撞上"而是, "与…作对" 之意, 这里只能说是运气又要再次与他"作对" 精神, 从而不能准确传达原文精神. 一,理解错误译文失真理解是翻译过程的一步, 是表达的前提, 理解原作

语言的意义, 其中包括原作语言的概念意义, 语境意义, 形式意义, 风格意义, 形象意义和文化意义[3]. 如果对原文不加研究, 不求甚解, 想当然地加以理解和揣测, 草率下笔, 译文就走失了原文的精神. (1 It did not exactly beggar description, but it ) certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad. 虽然的确不能说成乞丐,但它绝对可以称得乞丐帮这个词. ) 这里的beggar description 为动词词组,解释(P1 为be too extraordinary to describe adequately(难以形容) , 这与乞丐毫无关系.笔者以为,可能是译者看到beggar 一词, 就想当然地理解为"乞丐" 了. (2 The hibernational ambitions of Soapy were not of ) the highest.索比过冬的野心并不是最高的. ) (P19 这句话里把ambitions 译为"野心" 似乎太重. 一个小混混, 还谈什么"野心" 笔者认为译作? "奢望" 会更好, 试译为: 索比对过冬并没有太多的奢望. 114 表达是翻译的关键, 在准确理解的前提下, 一篇译文质[5] 量能否保证, 就全看表达了[4]. 在表达中, "译词贵在锤炼" . 该译著表达方面的问题如下: (一)过于直译,翻译腔重直译是翻译中一种非常重要的翻译方法,但是过分的直译就变成了"硬译" "死译" 这本译著中的一些句子或是 . 由于对原文和译文过于注重字对字, 结构对结构的翻译, 翻译腔重, 不符合汉语习惯. (6 She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, ) carefully, and critically.她长时间地望着镜子里面她的身影, 谨

慎而又苛刻. ) (P5 笔者试译为: 她用挑剔的眼光小心的对着镜子照了许久. (7 "If Jim doesn' kill me." She said to herself, ) t "before he takes a second look at me,…" "要是吉姆在他瞧我第二眼之前不杀死我的话, "他跟她自己说到. ) (P5 且"自言自语" 就是她说的话照上, 不说say to oneself 应译着面的译法也不符合汉语的习惯. 王仲年译作"吉姆看了一眼就很贴切. 不把我宰了才怪呢" (8 …because I couldn' have lived through Christmas ) t 我就不without giving you a present.因为不给你一件礼物, 能活过圣诞节. ) (P6 这句可

以说是拘泥于语法的"死译"笔, 者试译为:因为不给你一份礼物,我真不知怎样度过圣诞节.

(9 Cut it off and sold it. 把它剪去, ) 并卖掉了. ) (P7 这样的翻译不符合文中女主人公当时撒娇的口吻, "不但译为剪了, 还卖了呢" 会更好. (二)一些句子未传达出真正含义(P21

译文本身就罗嗦, 加上两个颗纽扣往上还很有信心. ) "他" 就更罗嗦. 这样译更传神: 索比对自己上半身的穿着还是有信心的. 代词的误译影响了读者对这些故事的欣赏,不懂英语

的还以为欧亨利这位文学大师语言罗嗦呢. (四)介词翻译的不准确对于when, 等介词, at 基本意思是"当……的时候" 在, " ……的时候" 但汉语里这种说法始终用得不普遍, , 因为它除了不合汉语习惯外, 还给人一个"拖着一条尾巴" 的感该译著中带"尾巴" 的情况还不少. 觉[7]. (15 At midnight the café was crowded. 在午夜的时) 候, 咖啡馆非常拥挤. (16 She' going to sail for Europe at noon day after ) s tomorrow for a two years'stay.在后天中午的时候, 她将启(P33 航到欧洲呆上两年. ) (17 At 11 o' ) clock that night someday tapped lightly…在那天夜里十一点钟的时候, 有人轻轻地敲…… (P37 ) 以上三句译文, "在……的时候" 如把去掉将会更简洁明快, 会更符合汉语习惯. 上述提到的误译在该译著里还有很多例子,也还有其他翻译的问题, 如对于读者不熟悉的一些专有名词(如the Queen of Sheba, Sofronie, Boreas, Arcadia 等) 不加注释而影响读者理解, 还有一些文

体翻译的一些问题, 限于篇幅, 不再赘述. 笔者认为,造成这些误译的原因如下:不仔细查阅

辞典, 资料, 不注意句子结构分析, 望文生义; 不认真推敲, 对上面列出的译例译词不加锤炼; 还有就是译者的态度问题. 有的原文并不是难于理解,有了认真的工作态度应该都能

克服. 态度决定一切, 译事难, 所以对于翻译工作者来说, 除了要有良好的双语能力, 跨文化知识, 表达能力等外, 还要有端正的态度和吃苦耐劳的决心, 才能成就翻译之事

新自考教材《大学语文》最后一课《麦琪的礼物》采用的是刘若瑞的译文。这个译文不能算是很好的。有些地方不通顺，有些地方讲不通。还有一些地方可以更好一些。我认为，至少有三个地方是必须改一下的。

第一处，教材第279页，“一块八角七分钱。全在这儿了。其中六角还是零钱凑起来的，这些小钱是每次一个两个向杂货店、菜贩和肉店老板硬扣下来的”。一块八角七分钱当中有六角是零钱，那七分钱难道是整钱么？这几句的英文是“One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents o

f it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldo zin

g the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until…”应当翻译成：“一块八角七分钱。全在这儿了。其中六角钱是从杂货铺、卖菜的、卖肉的那里每次一分二分硬抠下来的分分钱。”Pennies虽然大写，其实就是上一句里的pennies。

第二处，教材第280页，“虽然不能说绝对的难以形容，实际上，确实与贫民窟也相差无几了。”这句话看不懂。什么“难以形容”啊？英文原文是：“It d id not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.”原来意思是：“用‘叫花子’来形

容不是十分准确，但说是‘讨饭队’是可以肯定的。”

第三处，教材第280页，“一个非常瘦小灵活的人，从一连串纵的片段的影像里，也许可以对自己的容貌得到一个大致不错的概念，德拉全靠身材纤细，才

精通了这种艺术。”这段文字不好懂。英文是：“A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of long itudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art.”这是一段很幽默的文字，形容那面

镜子非常窄。可以译为：“一个人，如果很细瘦，而且身手不凡，就可以旋转身体，从一条条迅速变动的镜像中对自己的容貌得到一个大致不错的概念。德拉身形窄细，已经练就了这门功夫。”我加上了“就可以很快地转动身体”这几个字，这样比较容易理解。

语文教材里的外国作品，译文的选择是应当重视的。我认为一个起码的原则是：不能看不懂。编著者可以不懂外文，但是你总能感觉到中文不通顺甚至根本看不懂吧？如果看不懂，就或者采用其他人的译文，或者请译者修改，或者自行修改。总之要负责任，不能误人子弟。

麦琪的礼物(教案)

九年级语文优质教案： 麦琪的礼物 晋华实验学校王丽霞 【教学目的】： 1. 体会作品巧妙的构思；引人入胜的悬念，出人意料的结尾。 2.体会详略得当的处理材料的方法。 3.感悟人性美，人情美。让学生学会尊重他人的爱，并学会爱他人。 【教学重点】：理清情节，把握思想内容，体会精巧的构思。 教学难点：材料详略的处理，及重要语句的分析。 【教学过程】： 第一课时 一．导入新课 《圣经》上记载着这样一个故事：耶稣降生时，三个贤人麦琪从东方耶路撒冷赶来送给他礼物：“光明之王”梅尔基奥尔赠送黄金表示尊贵，“洁白者”加斯帕赠送乳香象征神圣，巴尔萨泽赠送毒药预示着基督后来遭受迫害而死。从此以后，西方在圣诞节这一天互相赠送礼物来表达自己心中最真挚的感情，因而演绎了许多动人的故事。美国作家欧.亨利的《麦琪的礼物》就是一个感人至深的故事。 二．复习小说三要素，了解小说的阅读方法。 提问：什么是小说的三要素？怎样阅读小说？ 小说三要素：人物，环境，情节。 阅读小说可分三步：1 明作家，知背景 2 读小说，析要素 3 深分析，挖主题 三．明作家，知背景 欧.亨利，美国著名的短篇小说家。一生创作了三百多篇短篇小说，代表作有《麦琪的礼物》，《警察与赞美诗》，《最后一片藤叶》等。他的作品以轻松幽默的笔调，描写了大都市里小人物的不幸命运和美好的品质，揭露了上层社会的虚伪无耻与专横腐败。艺术上精于构思，往往有曲折的情节与出人意料的结尾，使人回味无穷。 世界三大短篇小说之王：莫泊桑（法）《我的叔叔于勒》 契珂夫（俄）《变色龙》 欧.亨利（美）《麦琪的礼物》 四．指导学生阅读课文，整体把握全文（读小说，析要素） 1．下列词语正音，释义。 抽噎 (yè) 馈(kuì)赠吝(lì)啬 (sè) 鹌(?n)鹑(chún) 掂(di?n)斤拨两相形见绌(chù) 俗不可耐忐(t?n)忑(tè)不安 2．速默读课文，标好自然段，找出小说三要素。 提问：（1）小说的主人公是谁？ （2）故事发生在什么样的环境里？ （3）小说主要叙述了一个什么样的故事？ 圣诞节前，德拉牺牲了自己引以为傲的美发为丈夫杰姆买来圣诞礼物——表链；但杰姆放弃了金表为德拉买回美丽的发梳。两人珍贵的礼物都成了无用的东西。

麦琪的礼物英文讲义

Unit two: The plot and the Character Reading: O. Henry, The Gift of the Magi Plot ?A plot is a plan or groundwork for a story, based on conflicting human motivations, with the actions resulting from believable and realistic human responses. ?“The king died, and then the queen died.” ?“The king died, and then the queen died of grief.” Conflict in plot Fictional human responses are brought out to their highest degree in the development of a conflict. In its most elemental form, a conflict is the opposition of two people. They may fight, argue, enlist help against each other, and otherwise carry on their opposition. Conflicts may also exist between larger groups of people, between an individual and larger forces, such as natural objects, ideas, modes of behavior, public opinion, and the like. The existence of difficult choices within an individual’s mind may also be presented as conflict. External Conflict External conflict may take the form of a basic opposition between man and nature, or between man and society. It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man(between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist. Internal Conflict ?Internal conflict, on the other hand, focuses on two or more elements contesting within the protagonist’s own character. ?Some conflicts, in fact, are never made explicit and must be inferred by the reader from what the characters do or say as the plot unfolds, as is the case in Ernest Hemingway’s Hills like White Elephants. Five Stages of Plot (1) ?Exposition:the exposition is the beginning section in which the author provides the necessary background information, sets the scene, establishes the situation, and dates the action. It usually introduces the characters and the conflict, or at least the potential for conflict. Five Stages of Plot (2) ?Complication: The complication, which is sometimes referred to as the rising action, develops and intensifies the conflict. ?Crisis: the crisis (also referred to as the climax) is that moment at which the plot reaches its point of greatest emotional intensity; it is the turning point of the plot, directly precipitating the resolution. Five Stages of Plot (3) ?Falling action: Once the crisis, or turning point, has been reached, the tension subsides and the plot moves toward its conclusion. ?Resolution:It is the final section of the plot which records the outcome of the conflict and establishes some new equilibrium. The resolution is also referred to as the conclusion or the denouement, the latter a Frenc h word meaning “unknotting” or “untying”. The Ordering of Plot (1) ?The customary way of ordering the episodes or events in a plot is to present them chronologically, i.e., in the order of their occurrence in time.

初中语文《麦琪的礼物》优秀教案

《麦琪的礼物》教案 课前预习 熟读课文，认知生字词，了解作者及写作背景，理清故事情节。 相关课程标准： 欣赏文学作品，有自己的情感体验，初步领悟作品的内涵，从中获得对自然、社会、人生的有益启示。对作品中感人的情境和形象，能说出自己的体验；品味作品中富于表现力的语言。教学目标 1．掌握本课生字词及文学常识。 2．理清文章的内容，理解主题。 评价任务： 1、深入文本，品味关键词语。 2、体会细节描写对刻画人物的作用。 3、理解本文主题。 教学时间一课时 教学过程 一、导入新课 爱情是个古老而又新鲜的话题，“关关雎鸠，在河之洲，窈窕淑女，君子好逑”写出了对爱情的渴望；“山无棱，天地合，乃敢与君绝”是坚贞不移的爱情宣言；今天，我们就走进美国作家欧·亨利的小说《麦琪的礼物》，一起去领略那份真挚纯洁的爱情。 二、自主学习 5分钟时间速读课文，找出本文生字词，了解作者。 1、读准字音，注意字形。 馈（kuì）赠抽噎（yē）吝（lìn）啬（sè）鹌（ān）鹑（chún） 晦（huì）涩忐（tǎn）忑（tè）不安玳（dài）瑁（mào）啜（chuò）泣 （学生互批互查，纠正错误，也可提出自己认为重要的字词和大家一起交流。） 2、欧·亨利是国著名的批判现实主义作家，他与和并称为“世界三大短篇小说巨匠”。他的代表作品有、。 三、交流研讨 活动任务一 用简洁的语言概括故事情节。 参考：一对贫困的年轻夫妇为互赠礼物而忍痛卖掉引以为豪的长发和金表，却换了不再起作用的发梳和表链的故事。 （学生把答案写在自己的练习本上，同位互相交流，然后在全班展示。） 活动任务二 问题：作者为什么能把原本无聊的一件事写得那么好？你能不能根据刚才概括的故事情节试着扩充这篇文章？在扩充的时候要抓住时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果等要素。学生活动： 1、时间：圣诞节前夕 2、人物：德拉和吉姆 3、地点：租来的房子里。 ⑴为什么要租房子？说明了什么问题？ 参考：经济拮据。 ⑵文中还有哪些地方写到了他们经济的拮据？

麦琪的礼物(英文版)

The Gift of the Magi① One dollar and eighty-seven cents.That was all.And sixty cents of it was in pennies.Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing(强迫;胁迫)the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony②that such close dealing implied.Three times Della counted it.One dollar and eighty eighty--seven cents.And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl.So Della did it.Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs,sniffles,and smiles,with sniffles predominating.③ While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second,take a look at the home.④A furnished flat at$8per week.It did not exactly beggar description,but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.⑤ In the vestibule(门厅;前厅)below was a letter-box into which no letter would go,and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring⑥.Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name"Mr.James Dillingham Young."⑦ The"Dillingham"had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid$30per week.⑧Now,when the ①麦琪（Magi，单数为Magus）：指圣婴基督出生时来自东方送礼的三贤人，载于《圣经·马太福音》第二章第一节和第七至第十三节。 ②By...parsimony:by driving a hard bargain with the grocer,the vegetable man,and the butcher over every single cent,thus making one flush with shame for being so very stingy(吝啬的，小气的).Imputation[正式]罪名，污名。parsimony n.吝啬，小气，不大方。 ③Which...predominating:Which makes us spiritually aware of the fact that life is full of sobs,sniffles,and smiles,with sniffles being the most noticeable.Instigate v.(以行动)促使(某事发生)；发起。'moral精神上的，心理上的，道义上的。Sniffle n.抽鼻子(声)。 ④While...home:While Della's sobs are gradually turning into sniffles,let us take a look at her home.Sub'side n.(of a feeling,pain,sound,etc.)gradually become less and then stop. ⑤The flat was almost too wretched for words to describe.The phrase"to beggar description"means to cause one's resources of description to seem poor and inadequate.mendicancy squad乞丐帮。 ⑥Which...ring:no one could get a ring by pressing the electric button;obviously,the doorbell had long been out of order.Mortal:人的；人类的。 ⑦Also...young:Close to the doorbell there was also a card with the name"Mr.James Dillingham Young"written on it.Appertain(to):属于；和……有关。Thereunto ad.到那里；向那里。 ⑧The...week:The middle name"Dillingham"had been put on display on the name card during a time when Jim was better-off with a weekly wage of$30.Flung to the breeze

麦琪的礼物英文

One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty- seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating. While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad. In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young." The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good. Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim. There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pierglass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art. Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes

The gift of Magi麦琪的礼物英语鉴赏

The story opens with $1.87. That's all Della Dillingham Young has to buy a present for her beloved husband, Jim. And the next day is Christmas. Faced with such a situation, Della promptly bursts into tears on the couch, which gives the narrator the opportunity to tell us a bit more about the situation of Jim and Della. The short of it is they live in a shabby flat and they're poor. But they love each other. Once Della's recovered herself, she goes to a mirror to let down her hair and examine it. Della's beautiful, brown, knee-length hair is one of the two great treasures of the poor couple. The other is Jim's gold watch. Her hair examined, Della puts it back up, sheds a tear, and bundles up to head out into the cold. She leaves the flat and walks to Madame Sofronie's hair goods shop, where she sells her hair for twenty bucks. Now she has $21.87 cents. With her new funds, Della is able to find Jim the perfect present: an elegant platinum watch chain for his watch. It's $21, and she buys it. Excited by her gift, Della returns home and tries to make her now-short hair presentable (with a curling iron). She's not convinced Jim will approve, but she did what she had to do to get him a good present. When she finishes with her hair, she gets to work preparing coffee and dinner. Jim arrives at 7pm to find Della waiting by the door and stares fixedly at her, not able to understand that Della's hair is gone. Della can't understand quite what his reaction means. After a little while, Jim snaps out of it and gives Della her present, explaining that his reaction will make sense when she opens it. Della opens it and cries out in joy, only to burst into tears immediately afterward. Jim has given her the set of fancy combs she's wanted for ages, only now she has no hair for them. Jim nurses Della out of her sobs. Once she's recovered she gives Jim his present, holding out the watch chain. Jim smiles, falling back on the couch. He sold his watch to buy Della's combs, he explains. He recommends they put away their presents and have dinner. As they do so, the narrator brings the story to a close by pronouncing that Della and Jim are the wisest of everyone who gives gifts. They are the magi. Book Review of The Gift of the Magi Ⅰ.About the author: This book was wrote by O. Henry (1862~1910), whose real name was William Sydney Porter, and was born in North Carolina. His schooling was rudimentary, and after working in a drug store, he went to Texas in 1882; he became a rancher for a time, then a bank teller and journalist, founding a comic weekly magazine, The Rolling Stone (1894~1895) before being employed by the Houston Post to write a humorous daily column. In 1896 he was indicted for alleged embezzlement by the bank for which he had worked, and fled to Honduras. He returned three years latter to be with his dying wife, was arrested and spent three years in the federal penitentiary in Columbus, Ohio. Here Porter started to write short stories under the pseudonym of O. Henry, thought to be adopted from a French pharmacist mentioned in the US

麦琪的礼物 英文版 The Gift of the Magi

麦琪的礼物英文版 The Gift of the Magi One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating. While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad. In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young." The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good. Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim. There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pierglass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art. Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length. Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.

麦琪的礼物中文版麦琪的礼物论文角度

麦琪的礼物中文版麦琪的礼物论文角度麦琪的礼物一块八毛七分钱。全在这儿了。其中六毛钱还是铜子儿凑起来的。这些铜子儿是每次一个、两个向杂货铺、菜贩和肉店老板那儿死乞白赖地硬扣下来的；人家虽然没有明说，自己总觉得这种掂斤播两的交易未免太吝啬，当时脸都躁红了。德拉数了三遍。数来数去还是一块八毛七分钱，而第二天就是圣诞节了。除了倒在那张破旧的小榻上号哭之外，显然没有别的办法。德拉就那样做了。这使一种精神上的感慨油然而生，认为人生是由啜泣，抽噎和微笑组成的，而抽噎占了其中绝大部分。这个家庭的主妇渐渐从第一阶段退到第二阶段，我们不妨抽空儿来看看这个家吧。一套连家具的公寓，房租每星期八块钱。虽 __是绝对难以形容，其实跟贫民窟也相去不远。下面门廊里有一个信箱，但是永远不会有信件投进去；还有一个电钮，除非神仙下凡才能把铃按响。那里还贴着一张名片，上面印有“詹姆斯·迪林汉·扬先生”几个字。“迪林汉”这个名号是主人先前每星期挣三十块钱得法的时候，一时高兴，回姓名之间的。现在收入缩减到二十块钱，“迪林汉”几个字看来就有些模糊，仿佛它们正在考虑，是不是缩成一个质朴而谦逊的“迪”字为好。但是每逢詹姆斯·迪林汉·扬先生回家上楼，走进房间的时候，詹姆斯·迪林汉·扬太太——就是刚才已经介绍给各位的德拉——总是管他叫做“吉姆”，总是热烈地拥抱他。那当然是好的。德拉哭了之后，在脸平面上扑了些粉。她站在窗子跟前，呆呆地瞅着外面灰蒙蒙的后院里，一只灰猫正在灰色的篱笆上行走。明天就是圣诞节了，她只有一块八毛七分钱

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