笔译实务三级真题

2012年11月

For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson.

On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: "L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY."

That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple of the books are still pristine, but others - “Bleak House,’’ “David Copperfield,’’ and especially “Great Expectations’’ - have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, the character kept me company . And so, , has L.R. Generson.，in his silent enigmatic way.

Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn’t much - a sin gle mention on a veterans’ website of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.

Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in New York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He spoke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician and gynecologist, he opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His son described him as “an extremely patriotic individual’’; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted. He served throughout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Eur ope, where he became one of the war’s most highly decorated physicians.

Leonard Generson’s son didn’t remember the Dickens set, though he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably “cleaned house’’ after his father’s d eath in 1977 - the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.

I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were connected because we’d owned the same set of books. The letter both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him - and why should I? His son must have been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What had I been thinking?

One possible, and only somewhat facetious, answer is that I’ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthened). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Questions are answered. Stories end.

Leonard Generson’s life touched mine only lightly, through the coincidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of him and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in the middle of their own lives and their own stories.

答案

三十多年来，我一直在想关于L. R. Generson的事情。

跟老公过第一个圣诞节的那天，他送给我一整套狄更斯的书。一共有二十册，灰布封面，黑边裹角，虽有些泛旧，但保存完好。每一本书的扉页上，之前主人的名字大写而就：L. R. Generson, M.D.,布朗克斯，纽约；只是字迹有些斑驳。

这套狄更斯的作品是我收到的最好的礼物之一。有些书还是原来的样子，但是像《荒凉山庄》《大卫-科波菲尔》这几本，尤其是《远大前程》，由于反复阅读已经翻烂。多年来书中的人物一直陪伴着我, 当然还有L. R. Generson，虽然他静默又神秘。

他是否也像我一样珍爱这些书？他是谁？(我时常这样想）有一次心血来潮，便上网搜索。信息不多，只在一个老兵网站上搜到了二战时期一个叫里奥纳德-杰内森的上尉。但我找到了理查德-杰内森博士，他是新泽西州一位口腔外科医生。由于姓氏杰内森并不常见，我决定写信给他。

杰内森博士很热心，给我回了信。他告诉我，他的父亲，里奥纳德-理查德-杰内森，1909年生于纽约。后来在瑞士Basel读医科，能熟练地讲十种语言。成为一名妇产科医生后，二战前夕他在布朗克斯开了一家诊所。在他儿子眼中，父亲是“一个非常爱国的人”；日本偷袭珍珠港后，他随即关闭了诊所参了军。战争期间他在欧洲一支空运特种部队担任外科医生，是获得最高荣誉勋章的医生之一。里奥纳德-杰内森的儿子不记得那套狄更斯的书籍，但是他告诉我，那时他们家一直有很多小说。大概是他的妈妈在1977年他父亲去世后“整理房间”处理了一部分书，而恰在那一年，我丈夫在一家二手书店买到了那套书。

我觉得这封信很感人，尽管它只简短地介绍了一个智慧、勇敢的人，及他毕生的贡献。同时，我不禁产生一个疑问，由于我和L. R. Generson 曾拥有同一套书，因此我们之间才有了某种联系。那封信告诉我了一些他的信息，而我永远不会真正了解他，为什么我要了解呢？他的儿子收到一个陌生人由只字片语而寄来的信时一定很惊讶。我当时是怎么想的？

我想可能是读了太多狄更斯的缘故，这解释听来有几分可笑。在他的小说里，任何事物都跟其他的事物相联系。孤儿找到亲人，有情人终成眷属（或者有缘无分，各自心灵得到升华），旧时秘密被探知，昔日宿怨最终得偿，谜题解开，故事也就结束了。

仅仅一套书的机缘巧合，里奥纳德-杰内森的生活就打动了我，他接触过的人必定受他影响更深。下次我再读狄更斯的小说时，我会想起他，想起他的军旅生涯，他能讲的十种语言。我也会想起他所接生过的数百个婴儿，现在都过着自己的生活，有着独特的故事。

10年11月

When night falls in remote parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or flammable and polluting kerosene lamps for illumination.

Slowly through small loans for solar powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural regions where a lack of electricity has stymied economic development, literacy rates and health.

“Earlier, they could not do muc h once the sun set. Now, the sun is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-economic status,” said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro-lending institution.

Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern which she uses to light up her stall at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week’s income for Waghri.

“The vegetables look better by this light, and it’s cheaper than kerosene and doesn’t smell,” said Waghri, who estimates she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern. “If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?”

In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts, within the next four years.

Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the fourth biggest emitter’s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Dadhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI.

“They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity, and depend on kerosene, diesel or firewood for their energy needs,” he said.“The applications not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon footprint.”

SEWA or Self Employed Women’s Asso ciation, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps, or trudge miles to collect firewood for cooking.

SKS Microfinance, India’s largest MFI, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while Grameen Surya Bijlee (Rural Solar Electricity) Foundation helps fund lamps and home and street lighting systems for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.

答案手机图片

汉译英

互联网推进了中国经济社会发展。在经济领域，互联网加速向传统产业渗透，产业边界日益交融，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起，衍生了新的业态。互联网在促进经济结构调整、转变经济发展方式等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。

互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。包括互联网在内的信息技术与产业，对中国经济高速增长作出了重要贡献。

互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变。互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，工业咨询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起。信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的新型战略性产业。

中国政府将大力推动电子商务类、教育类网站发展，积极推进电子政务建设，支持发展网络广播、网络电视等新兴媒体，倡导提供形式多样、内容丰富的互联网信息服务，以满足人们多样化、多层次的信息消费需求。

答案

The Internet is helping promote the economic and social development of China. In the economic sector, the Internet has spread its influence into traditional industry, which leads to the emergence of new business models and service economy, generating new types of industries. The Internet is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic restructuring and transforming the pattern of economic development.

The Internet has become an engine promoting the economic development of China. IT including the Internet and its industry has made significant contributions to the rapid growth of the Chinese economy.

The combination of the Internet and the real economy, the reform and enhancement of traditional industry through IT, have given an impetus to the restructuring of traditional industry and changing of the pattern of its development. The development and application of the Internet has given rise to the emergence of many new industries. Services for the development of industries such as industrial counseling, software service and outsourcing are mushrooming. The role of IT in promoting independent innovation, energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection has become ever more prominent. The Inter-net has emerged as a new strategic industry in China’s development of low-carbon economy.

The Chinese government will vigorously promote the development of websites featuring e-commerce and education, give impetus to the building of e-government, advocate the development of emerging media such as online radio and online television, and call for the provision of varied and rich Internet information services to satisfy the diversified, multi-leveled needs of information consumption.

10年5月

LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.

In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and —most important —a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.

They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) — a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands. At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio·Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,” he said.

Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented

thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates.

The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run” made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.

In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey. Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.

Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.

汉译英

全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。

归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能靠共同发展来解决。中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出2005年到2010年降低单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能源比重等有约束力的国家指标。

中国高度重视和积极推动以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展，明确提出了建设生态文明的重大战略任务，强调要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持走可持续发展道路，在加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和建设创新型国家的进程中不断为应对气候变化作出贡献。

今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取强有力的措施。一是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到2020年单位国内生产总值、二氧化碳排放比2005年有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能。三是大力增加森林碳汇。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发展低碳经济和循环经济，研发和推广气候友好技术。

英译汉答案

意大利，莱科——每天早上，大约有450名学生沿着17条校车的路线到达科莫湖最南端湖滨城市的10所中小学。那里没有校车。

2003年，为了应对儿童肥胖、交通阻塞，以及至关重要的汽车尾气排放所导致的全球温室气体增长这三重威胁，当地环保组织提出一项回归基本的概念：儿童应当步行去学校。

他们设立了步行汽车（在意大利被称为步行公共汽车）——该公共汽车有驾驶员但是没有车辆。每天早上各色各样受雇的员工和父母志愿者穿着黄色的荧光马甲，带领着成队的步行学生沿着莱科的蜿蜒街道到达学校门口，穿着彩衣的吹笛人会在队伍散开的时候不时地停在这里和那里。

在卡尔杜齐学校，目前有100名儿童或一多半的学生都步行去学校。他们中有很多人先前都开车去学校。9岁的朱利奥·格雷皮，金色的头发蓬松着，他说在开始乘坐步行公共汽车之前，每条路都是坐车行驶大约1/3英里。他说：“对于用步行这样的方式与朋友会面，我们都觉得很特别，因为我们知道这样对环境非常有益。”

达里奥·佩森蒂是镇上的一名环境稽核员，他估计，虽然每条线路长都不超过一英里，但是到目前为止，城镇的步行公共汽车已经替代了10万多英里的汽车路程，大体上防止了上千吨的温室气体进入大气。

欧美大陆的专家称，在美国和欧洲，开车去学校的儿童数量不断增长，这在交通量对温室气体排放的影响中占据了相当大的分量。一项全国性调查显示，去年，在英国城市居民的汽车行程中，学校行程占18%。

根据联邦政府的全国家庭旅行资料，1969年，美国40%的学生步行去学校；2001年，据收集的最近几年的数据显示，13%的学生步行去学校。莱科是意大利最先设立步行公共汽车的城市，但在欧洲的其他地方涌现了上百起，最近在北美也出现了同样的情况，这都是为了应对步行去学校的学生数量减少这一趋势。

法国、英国和意大利其他地方的城镇已经设立了这样的线路，虽然很少能像莱科的那样广阔和漫长。

汉译英答案

The changing global climate has profound effects on the existence and development of human which is a major challenge for every country. There are climate changes in the course of the history of human, they suffered from the natural factors and also the mankind’s activities, the climate change is an environmental problem and—most important—a development problem, it is also closely related with the development stages、life style、population size、resource endowment and international industrial division of every country

After all, we should solve the problem of climate change in the course of development, and also be solved rely on the collaborative development. China has formulated and implemented National Program on Climate Change , which proposes definitely some binding state quotas such as slash the energy consumption per unit of GDP and discharge of major pollutant, increase the percentage of forest cover and the proportion of renewable resources from the year of 2005 to 2010.

China pays much attention to and actively promotes the all-round, coordinated and sustainable development scientific development which puts the interests of people as the first consideration, China has proposed the momentous strategic task of promoting a conservation culture memorably, emphasized on persisting in the basic state policy of resource-saving environmental protection, Continued to take the path of sustainable development and made contributions to responding to the climate change constantly in the process of speeding up the constructing of an conservation minded and environment friendly society as well as constructing an innovative country.

From now on, China will include replying to the climate change into the economic and social development planning, and continue to take drastic measures. Firstly, reinforce the energy-saving and increase energy efficiency to achieve the goal that the per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emission will drop markedly by 2020 from 2005. Secondly, develop renewable energy sources and nuclear energy vigorously. Thirdly, increase forest carbon-sink vigorously. Fourthly , develop green economy with efforts, develop low carbon economy and recycling economy actively, develop and popularize climate-friendly technology.

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