搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 托福语法试题及答案详解汇总

托福语法试题及答案详解汇总

托福语法试题及答案详解汇总
托福语法试题及答案详解汇总

托福语法试题及答案详解(1)

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.

A. in disease

B. that disease

C. of disease

D. about disease

答案:B

分析:动词believe 的用法:直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句。

参考译文:大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

A. she was the first woman to conduct

B. the first woman conductor

C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first

答案:B

分析:缺宾语,答案中只有B,D可以作宾语,但D的语序不对。

参考译文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

补充:常考the first/second/… one to do sth

3. On January 7,1955,Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.

A. the first African American

B. the first African American was

C. she was the first African American

D. when the first African American

答案:A

分析:缺宾语,C,D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语,而B中有was,句中出现两个谓语,一定错。

参考译文:1955年1月7号,Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States,_________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.

A. and accelerated a phenomenon

B. a phenomenon that accelerated

C. accelerating a phenomenon which,

D. the acceleration of which phenomenon

答案:B

分析:考的是同位语结构,a phenomenon是the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.,后面应该连接一个完整的句子,但缺主语,

错;C中语序混乱,错; D中of which作为介词宾语,后面应该接一个完整句,但只有一个phenomenon主语,句子不完整,错。

参考译文:可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化,当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区,这个现象更被促进了。

补充:accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语

5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.

A. he became

B. when becoming

C. became

D. did he become

答案:A

分析:before为状语从句引导词conj,后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词,错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序,选项中使用了倒装句式,错。

参考译文:里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

6. _________,domesticated grapes grow in clusters,range in color from pale green to black,and contain sugar in varying quantities.

A. Their botanical classification as berries

B. Although their botanical classification as berries

C. Because berries being their botanical classification

D. Classified botanically as berries

答案:D

分析:句子的主语是grapes ,后面是平行结构grow…,range…,and contain…。空格后的句子已完整,那么空格处就应该是同位语,状语从句,分词等修饰成分。A中Their 指代不明,而且classification和berries也不相符,错;B中Although为conj.,后面应该是完整句,错;C中Because为conj.,后面应该是完整句,错。

参考译文:培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的,它们成串的长在树上,颜色从灰白色到黑色,并且包含由不同数量的糖份。

7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.

A. a basic instrument

B. basic instrument

C. how basic an instrument it is

D. as an instrument is basic

答案:A

分析:instrument可数,前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。

参考译文:铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器,而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。

8. In instrumentalist philosophy,ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes:they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.

A. as they are

B. are they

C. there are

D. are

分析:两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。

参考译文:在乐器演奏家的哲学里面,思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中,用于乐器演奏。

9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen,and most do both.

A. Working fire extinguishers

B. Fire extinguishers that work

C. Fire extinguishers work

D. The work of fire extinguishers

答案:C

分析:空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余,因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。

参考译文:灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的,大多数时候两个方法都会用到。

10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.

A. to purchase their own automobiles

B. their own to purchase automobiles

C. to their own purchase automobiles

D. own their automobiles to purchase

答案:A

分析:为固定结构enable sb to do sth.

参考译文:规模生产方法的产生,使得人们能够买自己的车,并获得了空前的灵活性。托福语法试题及答案详解(2)

1. Frances Perkins,_________ of the United States cabinet,served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.

A. the first female member

B. was the first female member

C. the first female member who

D. of whom the first female member

答案:A

分析:主语同位语结构。B中多了一个谓语was,因为后面已经有一个谓语动词served,一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错; C中who多余,用法也不正确;D中of whom多余,不是定语从句,考的是同位语结构。

参考译文:Frances Perkins,是美国内阁的第一为女性成员,她从1933到1945年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。

2. When _________ to dough and heated,carbon dioxide is released,causing the dough to rise.

A. is added baking powder

B. added baking powder is

C. is baking powder added

D. baking powder is added

分析:When为状语从句引导词;语序应该为正常语序,A,C错;B语序混乱,明显应该用被动形式,而且有固定结构add to.

参考译文:当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候,会释放出二氧化碳,使得面团涨开。

3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations,geneticists use the theory of probability.

A. The calculation of

B. To calculate

C. Is calculating

D. Calculated

答案:B

分析:to calculate,这里用不定式表示“目的”,前半句的逻辑主语是geneticists,只有B符合要求;A中只有主语,句子不完整。

参考译文:遗传学家运用概率的理论来计算在后代中拥有相似特点个体占有的百分比。

补充:如同A的形式,逗号前面就是一个名词短语,然而正确的句子里,名词短语要么作为主语的同位语,要么本身是主语,如11题。否则就是脱离句子成分,成为错误。

4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements,where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts,rather than on improvisation.

A. is more

B. whenever more

C. there is more

D. more

答案:C

分析:where引导状语从句,后面缺主谓。

参考译文:大型乐队爵士依赖于固定的安排,其中演奏相同部分音乐的乐器超过一个,而不是现声发挥。

5. Because of _________ diversity,seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.

A. them

B. so that

C. those

D. their

答案:D

分析:those是泛指,这里应该用their来特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.

参考译文:因为海藻们的不同特性,植物学家把他们分成7个不同的组别或分支。

6. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material,_________ of DNA and various types of protein.

A. consisting

B. as to consist

C. consist

D. which consisting

答案:A

分析:分词作状语。如果用consist的话,应该用个conj.后面加个完整的句子。

参考译文:染色体现今被认为是主要的遗传物质携带者,这些遗传物质由DNA和各种各样的蛋白质组成。

7. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.

A. that normally

B. of which it normally

C. normally

D. that it normally

答案:A

分析:句中出现is和preys两个谓语动词,一定是个复合句;用that引导定语从句,pinniped为先行词,that后为不完整句。

参考译文:美洲虎海豹是仅有的捕食企鹅和其他海豹的鳍足类动物。

8. _________ “nova” means new,novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.

A. That

B. Why

C. Although

D. It is

答案:C

分析:空格后有2个完整句,空格处需要一个conj.

参考译文:尽管nova意味着新的,但其实新星们是存在了很久而突然闪耀出光辉的恒星。

9. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________,Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.

A. Earth is

B. is from Earth

C. what is Earth

D. is it Earth

答案:A

分析:比较结构的对称性:Mars is farther …… than Earth is,is后省略了from the Sun 参考译文:因为火星比地球离太阳要远,火星绕太阳转一圈的时间要比地球长。

10. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.

A. a complex network

B. how a complex network

C. a complex network and

D. a network that is complex

答案:A

分析:缺宾语。B中的从句只有主语,句子不完整,错;C中and作为连词,后面缺谓语,错;D错,因为of前应该为名词。

参考译文:社会系统就是一个社会关系的复杂网络,这个网络里把成员的行为方式向核心价值观靠拢。

托福语法试题及答案详解(3)

1. Bubbles,flaws,and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass,_________ the glass sparkle.

A. which making

B. and making

C. making

D. to making

答案:C

分析:空格前的句子结构完整,这里的分词作状语。A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句,而句中无谓语,错;B中and作为连接词,而and后的句子不完整,没有谓语,错;D 错,不定式的结构应该是to do.

参考译文:气泡,裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开,使得玻 辽练⒐狻?BR>补充:stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃

2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.

A. there are large

B. large

C. either large

D. where large

答案:B

分析:A使得句中出现两个谓语动词,且中间无连接词,错;C应该是either… or…结构,但句中没有出现or;D中where引导的句子不完整,错。

参考译文:雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。

3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.

A. and a

B. so that a

C. a

D. is a

答案:C

分析:make结构,make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.

参考译文:描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。

4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics,the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.

A. To prepare

B. As it prepared

C. When preparation

D. Prepared

答案:D

分析:由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是Consumer Price Index,而且空格后是by,所以应该用被动形式,只能选D.

参考译文:消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的,它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。

5. _________ carries the genes,which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.

A. The chromosome

B. The chromosome that

C. Whereas the chromosome

D. There is a chromosome

答案:A

分析:该句是非限制性定语从句,前半句已经有谓语和宾语,缺主语,选A.

参考译文:染色体携带了遗传物质,这些遗传物质决定了细胞和生物体的遗传特性。

6. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.

A. Carbon reacting

B. Carbon reacts

C. The reaction of carbon

D. When carbon reacts

答案:B

分析:从句意来看,called在这里不是谓语动词,而是分词做后置定语:…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主语和谓语,选B.

参考译文:碳直接跟大部分金属反应而形成碳化物的化合物。

7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere,but if they are moving _________,they can form a crater on impact.

A. enough fast

B. fast enough

C. so fast enough

D enough are fast

答案:B

分析:enough的用法,固定顺序:adj.+enough

参考译文:陨石受地球大气阻挡而慢下来,但如果他们移动的足够快,他们能在撞击后形成一个大坑。

8. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland,an integral part of the endocrine system.

A. kidney which is

B. kidney is

C. kidney being

D. kidney

答案:B

分析:该句为简单句,而且使用了倒装形式,原句为:An adrenal gland,an integral part of the endocrine system is located at the upper end of each kidney.

参考译文:肾上腺是内分泌系统的一个完整的部分,它位于肾的上端。

9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.

A. easily corroded metals

B. metals are easily corroded

C. corroded metals that easily

D. how easily metals corroded

答案:A

分析:B中的are多余,否则句中出现两个谓语,错;C中的that引导定语从句,而从句缺谓语,错;用法错误,of后一般接名词。

参考译文:75%的所有镉金属都用来对类似铁、钢的容易腐蚀的金属进行镉镀膜了。

10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter,the smallest particle of an element _________ into chemical combination.

A. that can enter

B. can it enter

C. when entering it can

D. that enters can

答案:A

分析:that引导定语从句,element为先行词。the smallest particle of an element 是a basic structural unit of matter的宾语同位语。

参考译文:原子是物体的基本结构单元,是元素形成化学组合特性的最小的颗粒。

托福语法试题及答案详解(4)

1. All the major cities of the United States,________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico,began as centers of trade.

A. and to include

B. which including

C. included

D. including

答案:D

分析:两个逗号之间是插入语,这里分词作状语,不能用谓语动词。

参考译文:包括大湖区和墨西哥峡谷的美国所有主要城市都是以贸易中心的模式发展起来的。

2. Settled by English Puritans in 1630,Boston became _________ .

A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital

C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

答案:A

分析:缺宾语。B语序混乱;C中出现两个谓语动词,错;D中became 仍然没有宾语,so that 多余,错。

参考译文:波士顿在1963年被英国清教徒定址,并曾是马萨诸塞州湾殖民地的首都。

3. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _________ they are heading.

A. the direction in which

B. to where the direction

C. that direction of which

D. where the direction

答案:A

分析:空格前缺宾语,空格后是个完整的句子,只有B能满足。prep+which 作为介词宾语,后面接完整的句子。

参考译文:船和飞机的领航员通过指南针来确定他们航行的方向。

4. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.

A. what

B. in which

C. in whose

D. that

答案:B

分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,选项中优先选择prep+which.prep+which 作为介词宾语,后面接完整的句子。

参考译文:冷凝器是一种热交换器,蒸气或水汽在里面失去热量,变回液体状态。

5. Published in 1957,John Cheever's first novel,The Wapshot Chronicle,earned _________ the National Book Award.

A. that he had

B. him

C. was his

D. to him

答案:B

分析:双宾语结构:sth. Earn sb sth. 类似的还有gain/win

参考译文:John Cheever的第一部小说The Wapshot Chronicle于1957年,并为他赢得全国图书奖。

6. As seen from the Earth at night,_________ planet Jupiter ranks third among the planets and stars in maximum brightness,after Venus and Mars.

A. when the

B. in which the

C. the

D. and the

答案:C

分析:空格后句子完整,此处缺限定词。

参考译文:晚上从地球上看去,行星木星在行星恒星最大亮度等级中排名第三,排在金星和火星的后面。

7. _________ produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is used extensively in advertising displays.

A. Neon that

B. When neon

C. Neon

D. There is neon

答案:C

分析:缺主语。A中that多余;B中When多余,D中出现两个谓语动词。

参考译文:氖能在真空管里释放出深红色的光芒,并被广泛的在广告显像里应用。

8. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short,wet winters followed by long,dry summers.

A. are trees and shrubs

B. how trees and shrubs

C. trees and shrubs have

D. trees and shrubs

答案:D

分析:of 后接名词,首先排除A和B.C中有个动词have,后半句中有动词follow,两句之间没有连接词,一定错。

参考译文:丛林由树和灌木组成,短的、潮湿的冬天和随后的长的干燥的夏天阻碍了它们的生长。

9. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United States policy concerning the activities and rights of European powers in North and South America.

A. when a statement

B. as a statement

C. a statement

D. to a statement

答案:C

分析:缺宾语。A,B,D中的when,as,to 多余。

参考译文:1982年的门罗主义是针对南北美欧洲集权的行为和权利的美国政策的表述。

10. _________ to stand in a warm place,it sours because of the presence of bacteria that convert milk sugar into acid.

A. When milk is allowed

B. When is milk allowed

C. Milk,when allowed

D. When milk allowed

答案:A

分析:B不应该使用倒装;C:如果是插入语的话,后半句中不应该出现it;D中由句意allow应该使用被动形式。

参考译文:当牛奶持续的放在温暖的地方,细菌的出现把牛奶的糖转化成酸,因此它就发酸了。

托福语法试题及答案详解(5)

1. While play is important at all levels of human development,_________ takes on particular significance when children are five and six years old.

A. it

B. and

C. which

D. because it

答案:A

分析:缺主语。it 在这里作为形式主语。

参考译文:比赛对各个层次人的发展都是重要的,尤其是当小孩5、6岁大的时候,意义重大。

2. During the second and third years of life,children gain _________ over their bodies.

A. control increasing

B. increasing to control

C. control is increasing

D. increasing control

答案:D

分析:缺宾语,而且应该是adj.修饰名词,只能选D.

参考译文:在生长的第二第三年,小孩们对自己的身体控制能力增强了。

3. All brass instruments use a mouthpiece _________ into a long cone-shaped tube.

A. is inserted

B. that inserted

C. that is inserted

D. and inserted

答案:C

分析:that引导一个定语从句,mouthpiece为先行词。A 出现两个谓语动词,错;B,D应该用被动;

参考译文:所有的铜管乐器都用一个放在长锥筒形管里的吹嘴。

4. By the mid-twentieth century,United States presidential staffs,_________ had numbered fewer than ten a century earlier,numbered in the hundreds.

A. as

B. that they

C. which

D. and

答案:C

分析:非限制性定语从句,只有which能引导非限制性定语从句

参考译文:到20时间中期,美国的总统部官员达到了几百个,而在一个世纪前,还屈指可数呢。

5. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the United States attended kindergarten,_________ in 1985 almost 82 percent did so.

A. with

B. which

C. whether

D. while

答案:D

分析:整个句子中出现了两个谓语,缺连接词。

参考译文:在1966年,所有5岁的小孩中只有60%的参加了幼儿园,而到1985,几乎有82%的小孩上幼儿园了。

6. _________ industries,inventions,and communal endeavors of the Shakers,the best known is their fine furniture.

A. Of the many

B. Their many

C. Are the many

D. Many of the

答案:A

分析:倒装结构。当prep短语位于句首,且谓语动词为系动词时,则引起倒装。

参考译文:在基督震荡教徒所参与很多工业、发明创造和社区建设中,最闻名的是他们做的优质家具了。

7. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine,but in mammals _________ only in the chest area.

A. they are found

B. finding them

C. in which they are found

D. are found

答案:A

分析:缺主语和谓语。该句不是定语从句。

参考译文:大多数鱼类和很多爬行动物沿着大部分脊柱都长有肋骨,但哺乳动物的肋骨只长在胸部位置。

8. Although the habitat of the American beech tree is now confined to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada,_________ extended as far west as California.

A. where it once

B. once

C. it once

D. and once

答案:C

分析:缺主语。A,D中的where,and 多余。

参考译文:尽管美国山毛榉树的生长地现在只限制在美东和加拿大东南部的狭窄地带,它曾经都延伸向西生长远到加州的地方。

9. Most of North America receives _________ some form of continuous plant cover except in the arid and semiarid Southwest.

A. moisture to sustain sufficient

B. sufficient moisture to sustain

C. to sustain sufficient moisture

D. sufficient to sustain moisture

答案:B

分析:缺宾语。其中形容词修饰名词,不定式表“目的”。A,C,D语序混乱。

参考译文:除了干旱和半干旱的西南地区,大部分北美地区通过吸收充足的潮湿而保持一些连续植被的形式。

托福语法试题及答案详解(6)

1. _________ denotes currency in circulation plus bank deposits.

A. The term “money supply”

B. The term is “money supply”

C. When the term “money supply”

D. “Money supply” is the term

答案:A

分析:缺主语。B,D中出现两个谓语,一定错。C中when多余,使得句子不完整。

参考译文:术语货币储备是指流通货币加上银行存款。

2. The Franklin stove,invented around 1742,________,originally with a partially open front,and was designed to fit into a fireplace.

A. was made of cast iron

B. cast iron was made of

C. cast of iron was made

D. was of iron made cast

答案:A

分析:invented around 1742为插入语,2个was为并列谓语。be made of 为固定搭配。

参考译文:Franklin火炉发明于1742年,是用铁浇铸的,原先前面可以部分打开,而且设计成能正好装进壁炉。

3. A few species of mushrooms cause death or serious illness _________.

A. having eaten

B. that they are eaten

C. are eaten

D. when eaten

答案:D

分析:状语从句的省略结构。省略条件:由特定的状语从句引导词:although,though,even though,if,when,while,as,whether; 从句为主系表结构;从句主语和主句主语一致。省略方式:要同时省略主语和系动词。原句为:…… when mushrooms are eaten.

参考译文:吃了一些种类的蘑菇会造成死亡或重大疾病。

4. Some critics maintain _________ the mystery novel is a symbolic ritual of guilt and retribution.

A. is that

B. that there is

C. it is

D. that

答案:D

分析:that引导宾语从句。A,C中出现两个谓语动词,错;B中that引导的从句出现两个谓语动词,错。

参考译文:一些评论家认为神秘小说是罪与罚象征性的仪式。

5. _________ all cherry trees are very attractive when in bloom,some species with inferior fruit are cultivated especially for their flowers.

A. Although

B. There are

C. It is

D. That

答案:A

分析:后面句子完整,且出现了两个谓语动词,此处缺连接词。

参考译文:尽管所有的樱桃树在开花的时候都很美丽,但它们中的一些不结果的种类专门种植用来观赏他们的花的。

6. Usually pitched in the of C,_________ may be tuned to B flat by means of a slide.

A. the bugle

B. because of the bugle

C. the bugle that

D. but the bugle

答案:A

分析:缺主语。

参考译文:通常音调为C大调的军号,可以通过滑动的方式平稳的吹出B调来。

7. With _________ formal art training and largely self-educated,Anna Mary Moses,known as Grandma Moses,began to paint rural scenes at the age of seventy-eight.

A. not

B. no

C. neither

D. never

答案:B

分析:no修饰后面的名词training.

参考译文:没有经过正常的艺术培训和广泛的自我教育,众所周知的Moses奶奶Anna Mary Moses78岁才开始画乡村风光。

8. A block and tackle is a _________ of pulley blocks and ropes used for pulling or hoisting large objects.

A. mechanical set special

B. set special mechanical

C. special mechanical set

D. special set mechanical

答案:C

分析:固定搭配:a set of.;形容词修饰名词。

参考译文:滑轮系统是一种特殊的机械装置,用滑轮和绳索来拉或提升大件的物品。

9. Although _________ instant critical acclaim in 1952,he never completed a second novel,publishing many short works instead.

A. Invisible Man was the first novel by Ralph Ellison received

B. first received by Ralph Ellison,the novel Invisible Man was

C. Ralph Ellison's first novel,Invisible Man,received

D. Ralph Ellison's first novel,Invisible Man,was received

答案:C

分析:同位语结构,由句意应该用主动形式。

参考译文:尽管Ralph Ellison的第一部小说《隐形人》在1952年得到了直接的赞誉,他却再也没有完成第二部小说,取而代之的是出版了很多短篇作品。

10. Sauropods had _________ smallest brains relative to body weight of any group of dinosaurs,yet they were among the most successful of all dinosaurs in evolutionary terms.

A. what was a

B. when a

C. of the

D. the

答案:D

分析:adj. 最高级前一定要加the.

参考译文:雷龙是恐龙群体中大脑对身体重量相比最小的一种,然而他们在进化过程中却属于最成功的恐龙之一。

托福语法试题及答案详解(7)

1. At the time of Columbus' voyages,Native Americans used an astounding diversity of languages,________ the diversity used by Europeans.

A. the greatest by far

B. by far than greater

C. by far the greatest

D. greater by far than

答案:D

分析:有than就要找到比较级,A,C语义不通;B语序混乱。

参考译文:哥伦布航海时代,美洲土著居民使用着令人惊异的各种语言,远远超过了欧洲人使用的种类。

2. During the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's,much African American writers,artists,and musicians came to Harlem in New York City,creating a cultural center there.

答案:A muchàmany

分析:。可数不可数名词修饰词的误用。

参考译文:1920的Harlem黑人社区复兴活动中,很多美国黑人作家、艺术家和音乐家来到了纽约市Harlem,把那里建设成了一个文化中心。

3. In Concord,Massachusetts,there is a museum commemorating the life of Louisa May Alcott,the author the nineteenth-century novel Little Women.

答案:C author the à author of the

分析:缺定冠词。

参考译文:马萨诸赛州的Concord有一个纪念19世纪小说《小女人》的作者Louisa May Alcott生平的博物馆。

4. Lactose, a sugar present in milk,is one of simple sugars used in food preparations for infants.

答案:C of simpleàof the simple.

分析:从后面的sugars可以看出,sugar代表“某一类糖”的时候是可数名词;present 这里做形容词“存在的”,前面省略了which is;one of………结构后面应该接特指的范围,必须加the,所以C错。

参考译文:乳糖,是在牛奶中出现的一种糖,在给婴儿准备的食物中用的一种简单糖类。

5. Jackson,Michigan,a city who was settled in 1829,was named for Andrew Jackson,the seventh President of the United States.

答案:B.whoàwhich

分析:定语从句连词的误用。

参考译文:密西根首府Jackson,于1829年定址,是以美国第七届总统Andrew Jackson的名字命名的。

6. Boulder,Colorado,is only city in the United States that derives its water supply from a glacier.

答案:A.is onlyà is the only

分析:定冠词使用。

参考译文:科罗拉多州的Boulder是美国唯一的从一处冰川获得供水的城市。

7. Construction of first skyscraper began in Chicago in 1883 with the ten-story Home Insurance Building.

答案:B.of firstàof the first

分析:定冠词的使用。最高级前加the

参考译文:最早的高楼建筑1883年出现在芝加哥,是一幢10层的家庭保险大楼。

8. The Mississippi riverboat,which evolved from simpler steamship of the early 1800's,became the dominant form of passenger transport on the Mississippi River.

答案:steamshipàsteamships

分析:单数可数名词不能单独出现。需要注意的是,transport这里作名词,有“运输工具”的意思

参考译文:密西西比河船,在1800从简单的汽船演变过来,成为密西西比河上重要的旅客交通形式。

9. Modern stringed instruments comprise both instruments of ancient origin,such as the harp,and the developed recently family of bowed instruments that includes the violin.

答案:D.developed recentlyàrecently developed

分析:词序颠倒。

参考译文:现代弦乐乐器不仅包含有源于古代的乐器,如竖琴,也有最近发展的包括小提琴的弓形乐器。

10. Stars provided early astronomer with a reference system for measuring the motions of planets,the Moon,and the Sun.

答案:Aàastronomers

分析及考点:可数名词单数单独出现,一般都错。

参考译文:天上的星星给早期天文学家提供了一个参照系统来测量行星、月亮和太阳的移动。

托福语法试题及答案详解(8)

1. The coal industry is important to every industrial nations because most other industries are directly or indirectly dependent on it.

答案:A

分析及考点:同样表示每个,所有,every应该跟名词单数,而nations是复数,应该改成all

参考译文:煤矿工业对所有国家来说都是重要的,因为大多数其他工业都直接或间接的依赖它。

2. The brightly colored kingfisher that perches until it sights a fish,then dives into the water to catch its prey.

答案:B

分析及考点:先看主谓宾,then连接两个句子。所以that perches实际不成立定语从句,应该把that去掉。

参考译文:具有光亮颜色的翠鸟栖息在高处,直到它看到鱼,它就会扎进水里把猎物抓住。

3. Neptune circles the Sun once every 16

4.8 Earth years,and its day —— one rotation its axis —— is 1

5.8 hours.

答案:C rotation around its axis

分析及考点:C的错误比较明显,B(every)的这种用法应记住,很容易被迷惑。

参考译文:

4. Observable comets are occasionally attracted toward the inner Solar System by the fields gravitational of nearby stars and giant molecular clouds.

答案:C

分析及考点:次序颠倒。应改为gravitational fields,重力场。

参考译文:可以观测的的彗星偶尔会受到附近星星和巨大的星云的重力场作用而吸引到太阳系内部来。

5. A single bacterium has the potential to produce 16 million copies of themselves in a day.

答案:D

分析及考点:代词指代问题。A single bacterium的代词要用itself

参考译文:单个细菌有能力在一天内生产16百万个它自身的复制品。

6. Atoms are held together by the electrical forces of attraction between each negative electron and a positive protons within the nucleus.

答案:C

分析及考点:名词单复数混乱。Protons复数,所以应该把a去掉。

参考译文:原子核中每一个负电荷电子和一个正电荷质子之间的电的作用力的相互吸引,把原子结合在一起。

7. The original aim of encyclopedias was to provide a general educational.

答案:D

分析及考点:一个词的词性混用。educational 这里应该是名词形式,所以改成education.

参考译文:百科全书的最初目的是提供普遍的教育。

8. Icebergs are usually white,blue,or green,even although some are black due to rock material incorporated in them .

答案:B

分析及考点:转折连词的用法。只有even though和although,没有even although 的表述。

参考译文:冰山一般是白色、蓝色或者绿色的,尽管有些是黑色的,那是因为有岩石材料夹杂在里面。

9. Both adult ladybugs and their larvae are voracious eaters of aphids,scale insects,and another plant pests.

答案:D

分析及考点:another与other混用。表示其他的意思,超过一个应该用other,another 表示另一个的意思。

参考译文:成年瓢虫和他们的幼虫都是极其喜欢吃蚜虫,介壳虫和其他植物害虫。

10. Early English burlesque often ridiculed celebrated literary works and sentimentally drama.

答案:D

分析及考点:词性混用。修饰名词用形容词,所以改成sentimental.Celebrated是独立的形容词,意为著名的

参考译文:早期的英语滑稽表演通常嘲笑那些著名的文学作品和感人的戏剧。

托福语法试题及答案详解(9)

1. The American clipper ship era was of duration short,extending from about 1845 to 1859.

答案:B

分析及考点:词序的颠倒,应该改成short duration.只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。

参考译文:美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短,只有从1845到1859.

2. Crystals of pure quartz,usually called rock crystal,are coarseness,colorless,and transparent.

答案:D

分析及考点:平行对称结构,词性不对称,所以coarseness名词应改成coarse

参考译文:纯净石英的结晶,通常称为岩石水晶,是粗糙的,无色的,透明的。

3. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones,only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry.

答案:D

分析及考点:词序的问题。应该改成jewelry today.

参考译文:在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中,只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。

4. One of the thirteen original state of the United States,North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida.

答案:A

分析及考点:名词单复数使用错误。应该用复数states.看到one of the.

参考译文:北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边,在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。

5. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .

答案:D

分析及考点:词序的颠倒。改成economic leader

参考译文:发展北美的多个民族把北美建设成了全世界的经济领袖。

6. The Milky Way is a flat spiral galaxy who contains an estimated 100 billion stars,including the Sun.

答案:B

分析及考点:定语从句连接词的误用,应改为which

参考译文:银河系是一个扁平的螺旋星系,它包含有估计100亿颗恒星,包括太阳。

7. The piano as it is known today represents a long series of experiments extend

back to the year 1711,or perhaps even earlier.

答案:C

分析及考点:词性误用。应该改成extending.

参考译文:今天所知的钢琴代表了一系列的实践,一直可以追溯到1711,或者更早。

8. Climate is the primarily force that distinguishes one biome,or major terrestrial region,from another.

答案:B

分析及考点:词性误用,修饰名词用形容词,所以改成primary

参考译文:气候是一个主要的因素来区分生物群或者主要陆地相互之间的不同。

9. Prehistoric villagers tended to work harder,suffer from more diseases,and eat the poorer diet than nomadic hunters did.

答案:D

分析及考点:冠词误用。比较级前不用加定冠词the,直接用poorer diet就行

参考译文:史前的村民们倾向于努力工作,防除疾病,和吃比游牧的猎人少的食物。

10. A major Canadian city,Montreal is second only to Paris as the most largest French-speaking city in the world.

答案:D

分析及考点:最高级表述有误。Largest已经是最高级了,前面不用再加most

参考译文:加拿大主要的城市蒙特利尔,是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二最大法语城市。托福语法试题及答案详解(10)

1. Archaeological and geological excavations indicate which a primitive type of corn was used as food in North America at least 7,000 years ago.

答案:B

分析及考点:连接词误用。宾语从句连接用that,不能用which替代。

参考译文:考古学和地质学挖掘发现表明远古种类的谷物早在7千年前就被当作食物了。

2. The major component of the sedimentary rock called shale is clay,an earthy,fine-grained material consisting primary of a particular group of crystalline minerals.

答案:C

分析及考点:修饰动词用副词。Consist of 固定搭配,primary修饰consist,应改成primarily

参考译文:被称为页岩的沉积岩的主要成分是粘土,一种土质的,有细密纹理的材料,主要包含一组特殊的水晶矿物质。

3. Copper was the first metal used by humans and is second only to iron into its utility through the ages.

答案:C

分析及考点:介词误用。改成in its utility

参考译文:铜是人类首先使用的金属,也是很多年里使用性仅次于铁的金属。

4. The mineral chalcopyrite usually is found in compact masses or in mixtures with various other mineral as opaque,brass-yellow,tetragonal crystals.

答案:C

分析考点:名词单数误用。改成minerals

参考译文:黄铜矿通常以不透明的黄铜色的四角形结晶的方式在紧密物质或和其他各种

TOEFL语法讲解

1995年01月语法题 1. An underlying assumption of most market research is that people are continually _____ financial decisions based on their desire for goods that give them the most satisfaction. (A) making (B) and make (C) being made (D) having made 答案:A 测试点:谓语。 分析:that从句中有主语但谓语不全,选择(A)making与系词and组成进行时。 解题要点:continully和always等词常与进行时连用,表示“一贯如此”。 2. _____ tempera paint, the artist mixes dry pigments with water until the mixture resembles a stiff paste. (A) In preparation (B) The preparing of (C) To prepare (D) Prepared 答案:C 测试点:状语/不定式。 分析:逗号后为句子,逗号前为状语。动词不定式(C)作目的状语。 3. When two straight lines meet, _____ an angle. (A) it is formed (B) formed (C) they form (D) to form 答案:C 测试点:主谓结构。 分析:逗号前为when引导的从句,逗号后应是主句。主句主、谓语俱缺,应在答案 中选择主语+动词的形式,即(A)或(C)。(A)用了形式主语n,但空格后并无真正的主语部分。故选(C) 4. Madge Macklin promoted the expansion of medical training to include genetics _____ supported the founding of genetics departments in North American medical schools. (A) nor (B) and (C) while (D) if 答案:B 测试点:连词。 分析:空格前为主谓语完整的句子,空格后又出现一谓语动词,即全句有一个主语,两个谓语。这两个谓语动词之间应用and连接,故选(B)。(A)用于否定句;(C)后接句子或现在分词短语;(D)接从句。 5. _____ mammals have hair at some time in their lives, though in certain whales it is present only before birth. (A) Most (B) The most (C) Most of which (D) In most of the 答案:A 测试点:定语。

托福写作教案精选版

托福写作教案 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】

1.解决基本语法问题,练习写长难句,把名词短语和句子的区别掌握;掌握三种基本句型结构,并且会加定语和状语 2.大作文基本构架熟悉,以及怎样选择side 框架不规则(可以整篇写一个故事的都有)可以不写对方的观点(让步段) 3.确定选材“写什么”:内容要直接简单明了,最重要是考语言和逻辑,不是考内容的新颖度和深度;内容为语言服务,语法准确、内容合理即可有的时候,想写的内容,即使用中 文说,都会很晦涩,那就更别用英 文了;不要把自己的想法硬套到文 章里,会造成中式英语;写自己会 写的,不要写自己想写 的!!!!! 中式思维的理由不要写:放之四海 皆准的才可以

1,检查作业,纠正错误,总结错误基本类型和原因 2,复习上次内容 3.解决中式英语:构句的时候要抛开中文的影响,切忌先想中文,然后逐字逐句翻译 避免直译,要explain而不是

translatewordbyword;不要去想中 文的对等,而是找英文的相似 有些表达,是必须经过提炼的,因 为中文没有对等的意思 不会造复杂句怎么办? 原始中文——简单中文(核心意思 提炼)——简单英文(句子主干) ——地道英文(修饰成分,句式多 样化) 想表达的内容太难,句子无从下手 怎么办:先找主干,在写其他部分 怎样摆脱中文限制,来扩展思路呢 (搭配也知道挺多,但是自己想不 起来用:中文只想一个大概的意 思,然后用英文思考,在已知的英 文表达中,搜索最地道,和自己表 达的意思最相近的搭配——故意用 搭配提分的意识 尤其是套模板的时候,句子一定要 精简,要动起来,避免冗长 1,检查作业,纠正错误,总结错误基本类型和原因 2,复习上次内容 3.在上了一定量的阅读和听力课之后,开小作文 阅读 第一段倒着读,剩下三段正着读 找句号法,快速抓住核心内容 段中不需要逐句读懂,学会找关键 词,两三个即可;时刻看首段的中 心思想,联系着猜 笔记越简单越好,可以用汉语;看 懂了再下笔,需要把多次出现的名 词记下来,猜一下发音 信息整合,逻辑重排 听力 首先听出是AorB类型还是 yesorno类型 根据阅读,边猜边听 以听为主,记为辅,记关键词就可 以了,而不是记整句话 笔记是画出来的,别人看不懂 听力结束后,先不要马上看阅读,

托福雅思15种语法

雅思常考的15种语法现象 一、动词时态及语态题 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there, the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child, I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day’s exhausting work, his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题 1、The film showed last night was very moving. 2、Having finishing his lecture, the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time, we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here? 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题 1、It is difficult to study English well. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car? 五、倒装句型 全部倒装句 1、Stop talking! There comes the teacher. 部分倒装句 1、So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital. 2、Not only does he study well, but also he is always ready to help others. 3、Mary has done well in the English exam. So she has. She always does well in the exam. 六、从句中选择关系词题 1、It was in so friendly a way that he talked with us. 2、Oct.15, 2005 is a day when we will take our English examination. 3、We want to buy the same book as you are reading. 4、The sun heats the earth, which is very important to living things. 七、虚拟语气 1、I would have done it better if I had had more time. 2、I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 3、I suggest that we (should )adopt a different policy. 4、Had it not been for your help, we would never have been able to get over the difficulties. 八、情态动词题 1、The ground is so wet, it must have rained last night. 2、She must be a doctor, I think. 3、I should have called you last week, but I was too busy then. 九、几组形容词及副词区别题(注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达; likely/possible/probable; worth/worthy; too much/much too; already/yet等) 1、His books are three time as many as my books.

清华大学社会科学学院社会学考博书目考试重点考博试题解析分析

清华大学社会科学学院社会学考博书目考试重点考博试题解析 一、专业的设置 清华大学社会科学学院每年招收博士生24人,含深圳研究生院2名。本院仅招全脱产博士研究生。下设哲学、理论经济学、政治学、社会学、体育学五个专业。 社会学专业下设八个方向:李强的城市社会学;罗家德的组织社会学;刘精明的社会分层;张小军、景军的文化人类学;孙凤的消费社会学;孙立平、郭于华、王天夫的转型社会学;李正风、刘立、吴金希、洪伟的科学社会学;樊富珉、彭凯平、付世敏、孙沛的社会心理学。 二、考试的科目 社会学: 城市社会学:①101英语②629社会学综合考试③501综合考试。 组织社会学:①101英语②629社会学综合考试③501综合考试。 社会分层:①101英语②629社会学综合考试③501综合考试。 文化人类学:①101英语②630人类学综合考试③501综合考试。 消费社会学:①101英语②629社会学综合考试③501综合考试。 转型社会学:①101英语②629社会学综合考试③501综合考试。 科学社会学:①101英语或102俄语或103日语②627自然辩证法研究③501综合考试。 社会心理学:①101英语或104德语②631社会心理学综合考试③501综合考试。三、导师介绍 李强,男,汉族,北京人。清华大学社会科学院院长,社会学系教授、博士生导师,曾长期担任社会学系主任。 罗家德,清华大学社会学系教授、博导,清华大学社会网络研究中心主任,清华大学社会科学学院信义社区营造研究中心主任,中国社会学会社会网暨社会资本研究专业委员会理事会主席,中国人民大学商学院兼任教授 刘精明,男,1966年出生,湖南省人。博士研究生学位,清华大学人文社会科学学院社会学系教授,社会学专业博士生导师。主要研究领域为社会分层与教育社会学、社会学研究方法。 张小军,男,1954年12月31日生于北京市,社会学系教授,博士生导师。所在院系:清华大学社会科学学院。所教课程:文化人类学概论文化人类学理论与方法历史人类学文化人类学专题。研究方向:文化人类学。

托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实例讲解

托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实 例讲解 托福独立写作因为其立论文的写作要求,所以某些特定词汇的使用频率会变得很高。下面就和大家分享托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实例讲解,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。 托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage使用语法搭配细节实例讲解 托福独立写作常用词汇disadvantage定义分析 想要用好一个词汇,大家要做的第一件事是了解这个词汇的准确定义,disadvantage的定义是a quality or condition that puts something or someone in an unfavorable or inferior position compared to others. 这里需要注意的是compared to others这个细节部分,也就是说这个词是用来对比的,换句话说,很多时候所谓的disadvantage其实都是相对而说的,如果没有对比对象,那么这个词汇也是不能随意使用的,它和shortcome还是存在一定区别的。

托福独立写作常用词disadvantage搭配用法实例精讲 1. disadvantage of sth. 这个用法应该是disadvantage比较常见的一个用法了,也就是某件事的缺点坏处,来看下面这些例句: a. The disadvantage of living in the countryside is the poor quality of education. b. One disadvantage of living in the countryside is the poor quality of education. c. One of the disadvantages of living in the countryside is the poor quality of education. 需要注意的是,disadvantage of sth.的用法最好用在句首部分,如果是虚词结构(expletive construction)的句式比如There is/are之类的句子,就不要再直接接上disadvantage of sth.了,否则这种句子读上去很不自然,一般老外是不会这么写的,比如下面这几个句子,中国考生可能看不出什么问题,但老外考官读起来说不定就不太舒服了: a. There are many disadvantages to living in the countryside. b. There are many disadvantages in living in the countryside. 2. at a disadvantage

1992年05月TOEFL语法讲解

1992年05月语法题 1. --- principal types of acceleration: linear and angular. (A) There are tow (B) Two of them (C) The two (D) Two 答案:A 测试点:there be句型. 分析:空格后只剩下名词性的成份,应在答案中选择主谓结构或there+be结构,即(A). 2. East Liverpool, Ohio, ---the pottery capital of the United States. (A) and called (B) is called (C) calling (D) to call 答案:B 测试点;谓语。 分析:本句有主语而缺谓语,应在答案中选择可作谓语的动词,即(B)。(A)多了连词and; (C)(D)均是非谓语形式,不可作谓语. 3. True hibernation takes place only among ---animals. (A) whose blood is warm (B) blood warm (C) warm-blooded (D) they have warm blood 答案:C 测试点:定语. 分析:本句主谓宾俱全,animals前缺定语,应在答案中选择形容词性的成份,4个答案中只有(C)是形容词. 解题要点:分词的作用相当于形容词. 4. Like other women ---in the field of medicine, Sara Mayo found the beginning years difficult. (A) who they pioneered (B) they pioneered (C) who pioneered (D) pioneered 答案:C 测试点:定语从句/主谓结构. 分析:women后接定语从句,从句连接词,主、谓语均缺,应在答案中选择连接词兼主语牛动词的形式.即(C)。(A)重复主语:(B)不是从句形式;(D)无主语。 5. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what ---the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology. (A) he considers (B) does he consider (C) considers (D) considers it 答案:A 测试点:主谓结构/词序. 分析:动词describes后接what引导的宾语从句,从句主、谓语均缺,应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式,即(A).(B)是问句语序,而宾语从句应用正常语序;(C)(D)均无主语.

托福必备英语语法手册

【学英语必看】《英语语法手册》(全) 在实用英语备受青睐的现在,大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时,总是把听说读写放在首位,诚然,学习语言重在实践。但是,请不要忽视语法的作用,特别是在阅读和写作中,他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构,准确抓住句子的要点,更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集,不需背诵记忆,只要静下心阅读一遍,就能有所收获! 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类,叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成,这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词,要学它的发音、拼法、意义,也要记它的词类;更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系,及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词,在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类: 1)名词(noun,缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔),English(英语),life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun,缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词,如we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective,缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词,如great(伟大的),honest(诚实的), difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral,缩写为num.)是表示“多少”和“第几”的词,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第 一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。 5)动词(verb,缩写为v)表示动作和状态,如write(写),walk(行走),think(想)。 6)副词(adverb,缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词,如quickly(快),often(经常),very(很)。 7)冠词(article,缩写为art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词,如a,an(一个),the(这,那)。 8)介词(preposition,缩写为prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系,如from(从), in(在…内),between(在…之间)。 9)连词(conjunction,缩写为conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词,如and(和),because(因为),if(假如)。 10)感叹词(interjection,缩写为int.)表示感情,如。oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(嘘)。 [注一]属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词(notional word)。属于后四类(冠、介、连、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词(form word)。 [注二]不少词可以属于几个词类,如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。 句子成分(members of the sentence) 英语的句子由主语部分与谓语部分组成。具体地讲,主要有下列六种句子成分: 1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是一句的主体。如I study English(我学习英语)中的I。 2)谓语动词(predicate verb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如I study English中的study。 3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的,如I am a student(我是一个学生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我们的教室很干净)中的clean。 4)宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的对象的,如I study English中的English。介词后面的名词或代词,叫做介词的宾语,如They don't work on Sunday(他们星期天不工作)中的Sunday,就是介词on的宾语。 5)定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的,如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。

托福语法笔记整理

1999年08月语法题 1. In 1864 Nevada enter the United States as _______ thirty-sixth state. (A) in the (B) to be the (C) was the (D) the 答案:D 分析:as是介词,后面应该是名词性结构。 翻译参考:1864年内华达进入合众国,成为第三十六个州。 2. Bob Stephenson, a biologist in Alaska who studies the Canadian lynx, a type of wildcat, has learned ______ from studying their tracks in the snow. (A) how lynx hunt (B) lynx hunt how (C) how hunt lynx (D) lynx how hunt 答案:A 分析:缺宾语,每一个选项中都有how, 说明需要how引导的宾语从句,排除B, D, 语 序不对;名词性从句应该用陈述语气,所以选A. 翻译参考:Bob Stephenson是阿拉斯加一个生物学家,研究加拿大山猫,一种野生的 猫科动物,他从其在雪地上留下的足迹获悉了山猫是如何捕猎的。 3. ______ lay eggs , but some give birth to live young. (A) Although most insects (B) Most insects (C) Despite most insects (D) Most insects that 答案:B 分析:从句完整,从主句的谓语来看主句缺复数主语,所以选B。A中的Although和 but不能同时出现在一个句子里面; B despite后面不能跟句子;D that使得逗号前面无 法成为主谓句。 翻译参考:大部分昆虫都生卵,但是有些生产活体的幼虫。 4. Author Sraah Jewett established her literary reputation with Deephaven, a collection of sketches ______. (A) with rural Maine life (B) that life in rural Maine (C) about life in rural Maine (D) life in rural Maine 答案:C

2001年1月老托福阅读解析第二篇

2001年1月第二篇 Questions 10-17 at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor 5) an assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods in kind” from the customer’s field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wove cloth of yam spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables 10) from wood cut in the customer’s own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches from cow, deer, or sheepskin tanned on the farm. Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as “an orchestra conducted by nature.” Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were 15) only produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisans could afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools, and materials. While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example, 20) carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, and applying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece, the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality— and few in rural areas were, Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ as many shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.

无老师iBT新托福语法全集

当看到《无老师iBT新托福语法》这个名字的时候,很多人感觉为之一振,因为感觉这就是自己想要的,当看到这个标题的时候,很多人有可能寄望于在这里,找到的是类似于一本书,可以详细的教会我们托福考试所需要的所有的语法,但是很遗憾,无老师在这里写的更像是一个类似于目录或者提纲类的文章。而考友们需要做的是,通过无老师列出的提纲,按图索骥,把托福考试所需要的语法点全都解决,而不是简单的胡子眉毛一把抓,这是不可取的。换句话说,《无老师的iBT新托福语法》更像是一个新托福或者说托福考生专用版的语法书使用手册。而无老师的参照物就是被广泛推荐的《张道真实用英语语法》。 当我们说道iBT新托福考试语法的时候,首先要对新托福考试,或者说更为广义上的托福考试有一个很清醒的认识,托福考试与我们平时遇到的国内考试有非常大的不同,国内的考试追求的是庞杂,而托福考试考察的是“常用”,当然很多中国考友之所以学不好英语,其实很多时候不是自身的问题,而是我们的英语考试或者说英语教育本身的问题。中国英语教育问题就在于,我们应该学的是那些常用的英语表达,而不是考的那些大多数情况都用不到的语法现象! 那么回到托福考试里面。到底哪些语法是需要我们重点掌握的呢?

当然每一个英语考试里面最为基础性的“词”这个考察环节是必不可少的,但是我们在解决这一关的时候,要做的并不是拿一本2002年张道真语法,把179页之前的,关于名词、动词、形容词、数词和量词全都看完。其实在单词这个环节还是多背单词是最为有效的方式,不管有些人如何的不情愿,以及如何的反对用一本单词书来背单词,但是无可否认的是,直至今日,绝大多数人还是通过死记硬背的方式解决了单词问题。那种直接认识的类似于被一枪爆头的感觉,不是用词根词缀活着联想记忆法可以解决的。因此,其实这本书的179页之前,大多可以不看,因为哪怕是看了,但是自己单词量很少的话,也只能是屠龙之技,完全没有用武之地。 但是在179页之前,有没有需要我们好好研究的呢?其实还是有的,就是从82页至121页的代词部分,单词其实本身的意思对我们来说并不重要,代词在任何一个考试里面,关键都是在考用法!比如说托福考试里面的指代题,以及同义转换题,其实都是有考察代词用法的影子!当然这也涉及到后面所会提到的关于复杂句的构建、阅读以及理解。因此这个部分应该是学习的重点! 昨天说到,球砸在了门框上,向下弹去,球到底有没有进,今天分解!英格兰队说进了,可是裁判说没进。其实在老托福考试里面,我,我们都知道是有语法单项的考察,那个时候语法单项几乎是每一个中国考生取分的重点环节,在那个时间段,过去时,进行时等主谓一致一直都是考察的重点,但是这种题只在语法考试里面可以主动考察,在阅读考试里面由于难度太低,因此不再是考察的重点。 但是这并不代表语法从此退出了历史的舞台。在新托福考试之中,官方指南上明确标明了,在新托福考试之中语法仍是考察的重点,只是不再单独设置一项来直接考查语法。在新托福考试周中换了一种考察的形式,换句话说也就是,在托福考试之中,对于语法的考察全都放在阅读、听力、等两个客观题的单项之中来考察了。 不要以为ETS只是在虚张声势,其实我们现在可以看到,新托福考试很明显在阅读部分增强了对于语法的考察,一个最为明显的题型就是同义转换题,这个题型很明显就是就是用来考察语法的,而且我们还可以发现,在新托福考试之中的阅读单项难度,远高于老托福考试之中阅读单项的难度,这很显然也是加强了语法考察的力度。 现在回头再来说所昨天提到的时态的考察,其实在阅读考试之中,对于时态的考察不多。但是在听力考试里面,时态历来是考察的重点,而且从无老师得到的众多作文里面也可以发现,中国考生在主谓一致这个部分的问题很大,很大。因此强烈建议中国的考生将本书190页至218页的内容好好研究一下!至于之前的一般现在时和现在进行时,实在是难度太低,如果连这个部分都需要仔细研究的话,那么你准备托福的时间有可能会比较漫长。 接下来就到了,被动语态!这里无老师用惊叹号是有原因的,因为这个是新托福考试之中考察的绝对重点。而且,在这里无老师要特别强调从229页开始的“非谓语动词的被动形式”,这个部分,如果你没有研究清楚,可以说上托福考场必败无疑!完全没有任何的疑问!当然并不是说被动语态其他的就不重要,只是这个部分,绝对是重点中的重点!就像是足球

2005年01月老托福语法全真题及答案

更多试卷下载请访问:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9112609157.html,/ 2005年01月托福语法全真题及答案 2005年01月语法题【改错部分】 1-15、选择部分省略 16. In the eighteenth century, quilting became a common technique in the American colonies for make of coverlets sewed in floral and geometric designs. 答案:C->改为making 测试点:介词+宾语 分析:for doing sth 为了作某事,介词for后面不能接动词原型make,需要改成doing。 参考译文:在18世纪的时候,在被子上面绣花变成了一种常见的技术,用来在床罩上面绣花和几何图案。 除外。 18. Centrifuges are widely use to separate liquids having different densities or to separate solids from 参考译文:分液漏斗广泛用于吧不同密度的液体分开或者把固体和液体分开。 19. There is ample evidence of that about 700 million years ago, glaciers reached well into what are now tropical regions. 答案:B->改为that 测试点:定语从句 分析:定语从句的连接词that前面多了of,of只能出现在which前面

参考译文:有足够的证据表明,在7亿年前,冰山深入到达过现在的热带地区。 20. Mathematics is a tool that can help solve problems and lead to new developments in other fields, such as space flight, medical, and architecture. 答案:D->改为medicine 测试点:词性 分析:such as 后面接并列的形式,flight, architecture都是名次,medical是形容词,错误,改为medicine 参考译文:数学是用来帮助解决问题的工具,在其他领域可以带来新发展,比如飞行,医药和建筑。 21. The meter of the English poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels. 答案:C->改为rather than by 测试点:固定搭配 分析:并列结构by sth rather than by sth,后面的by可以省 参考译文:英语诗歌的节拍是由重读的音节决定的而不是由元音的数量决定的。 22. In the nineteenth-century United States, it was assumed that growth, change, and progressive derived mainly from individual effort and competition. 答案:B->改为progress 测试点:词性 分析:groth, change and______三个名次才能并列,progressive是形容词,词性不对 参考译文:在19世纪的美国,成长,改变和发展被认为是主要来源于个人的努力和竞争。 23. Swelling of the mucous membranes, cause by irritants, allergies, or infections, may block the nasal passages, making breathing difficult. 答案:A->改为caused 测试点:过去分词修饰 分析:句子的主谓分别是swell may block,中间的部分cause没有和may block用连词连接,说明是修饰成分,再看到by说明是被动,所以修改为caused by;making 是现在分词结构修饰动词谓语,没有错误。 参考译文:由刺激、过敏、或者感染带来的粘膜的肿大,可能阻塞鼻子内部的通道,带来呼吸困难。

托福语法句子练习中英文版

1. 对任何希望全面发展的学生来说,参加各种各样的课外活动是很重要的。 (教育话题;难度:★★★★) 1. It is extremely important and inevitable to engage in various extra-curricular activities for any student who desires to be well-rounded and versatile. 2. 古埃及文明和金字塔对我非常有吸引力。 (历史话题;难度:★★★) 2. Ancient Egypt culture and pyramids are greatly interesting and fascinating to me. 3. 体育锻炼能够帮助一个感到学习或生活压力繁重的人很好的放松。 (生活话题;难度:★★) 3. Getting exercise can help the person who is particularly stressed about school or life to relax easily. 4. 手机是一个对人类特别有用的发明。 (科技话题;难度:★★) 4. An invention that would be exceptionally useful and beneficial for the human race would be the mobile phone. 5. 以牺牲健康为代价去完成极其枯燥的工作是不值得的。 (工作话题;难度:★★★) 5. It is not worthwhile to complete the exceedingly tedious and dull work at the sacrifice of your health. 6. 一个简单有效地方法去了解国外是看新闻或杂志。 (生活话题;难度:★★) 6. Reading newspapers and magazines is a direct and simple yet magically effective method to learn about foreign countries. 7. 父母和老师之间的相同之处就在于他们都对孩子的行为,态度,和思维有很大的影响。(教育话题;难度:★★★) 7. The similarity between parents and teachers lies in the fact that they both can have a typically great impact upon the behaviors, attitudes, and thoughts of children. 8. 对快餐采取敌对的态度是没必要的。 (饮食话题;难度:★★★) 8. It is petty to adopt an excessively hostile attitude toward fast food. 9. 保护藏羚羊,东北虎,丹顶鹤等濒临灭绝动植物对我们来说是非常紧迫的。 (环境话题;难度:★★★★) 9. It is genuinely urgent for us to save Tibetan antelope, Siberian Tiger, Red-crowned crane and other endangered animals and plants.

托福听力中lecture记笔记的方法及要点

托福听力中lecture记笔记的方法及要点 自从走上托福听力的讲坛,我经常遇到各种因听力拖后腿而愁眉不展的考生,在听完学子们集体声讨听力段子难度无底限的同时,耳边总是回荡着考生们关于自己无法记下笔记的无奈。这年头,作为一位托福听力老师,手里没几个货真价实的笔记方法,你都不好意思跟学生打招呼;作为托福备考的学子们,要是没几个拿得出手的惯用笔记符号,你都没脸跟人家说自己曾经考过托福。 笔记到底应该怎么记,才会更有效率,笔者认为应该从以下几个方面来练习。众所周知,托福听力讲座呈现的美国大学课堂上的真实场景,教授的演讲总是遵循一定的逻辑和脉络的,常见的结构如总分式,先提出本课的重点,再从多个侧面展开论述,最后总结强调;或者常见于历史类讲座中的线型结构,按照时间的先后顺序进行讲解,这就要求我们在练习的时候,注意从整体上把握文章的结构,边听边划分文章的层次。 把握了文章结构之后,笔记的重点就应该瞄准文章的考点,比如举例论证是听力中出现的最为频繁的考点,出题的角度也是多种多样,在听到举例的时候应该在笔记上标出“eg.”的符号,并用箭头标注此事例的支撑点是什么;抑或是在师生互动的文章中,师生间的问答也是考点,一方面给出相应的背景知识,另一方面老师会对学生的观点进行评价。在平日的练习中,大家就要有的放矢的捕捉考点,逐一击破。 当然,在记笔记的过程中,也要讲究方式方法,平日练习的时候,应该多使用自己习惯的符号,如用星号或三角来表示强调重点;用Q & A 表示问答;用上下箭头表示增减;用单词的首尾字母代替完整的单词拼写,或者几个单词的首字母代替常用的短语。 总之:要想记好笔记,实力一定是第一位的。好的实力才能保证你在听的时候分出精力去辨别此处是否值

佛山雅思托福培训机构

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9112609157.html, 如何学习英语语法 提到如何学习英语语法,很多人都会皱起眉头想到学校学习英语语法,仿佛看到老师站在白板前,用大量的中文分析英文的句子组成部分,又复杂又难懂,令人烦闷! 在我们身边,已经拿到托福、雅斯、或者英语专业八级资格证书的人,在真实的与外国人生活聊天和商务沟通时,场面不尽如人意也并非罕见,老外们在沟通的过程中通常被搞的云里雾里的,要么听不懂,要么感觉“这应该是50多年前西方人说的英语,” 要么感觉那些英语虽然能懂但是不对劲儿! 生活语法和学术语法的区别 想起如何学习英语语法的时候我相信你会面对一个根本的矛盾,就是你肯定会感觉语法是很重要,同时看起来学语法又闷又用途不大!这是怎么会事呢?主要的问题是,有两种语法,即“学术语法”和“生活语法”,它们之间的分别很容易明白,比如:目前,中国还有很多不会写字的老婆婆们,她们没有受过中文的语法训练,可是仍然可以自如的说话,她们可以清晰的表达要求和把合适的意见反馈给你。她们不知道主语、谓语、宾语是什么,但是她们可以畅快的说笑,恰当得体的表达自己。她们用的就是“生活语法”。 你可以回想一下小时候学中文语文的体验。我们曾经在语文课上也会学语法,比如,老师会让我们用“如果。。。那么。。” | “因为。。。所以。。。”等来造句子。经过老师的讲解,几乎每一位同学都会站起来造出生动的句子,真奇怪!语法明明是很“难学”的东西,为什么我们很快就能抓住这些意思而造出句子呢?最重要的原因是每个学生已经会了这些“生活语法”,所以老师只是陪着我们练习我们已经会的东西。细心回想一下,你就会发现,我们在课程上学习这些中文语法前,早已习惯了听爸爸说:“如果你再淘气,(那么)我就打你屁股。” “因为天气冷,(所以)咱们今天不去游乐场了。”在大脑的架构中,我们已经有了这些“生活语法”的框架,并且早已熟悉了他们的用法,所以语文课的语法自然手到擒来,根本不费力气。 从这两个例子可以明白,上课学语法和真正利用语法来沟通完全是两个事情。“学术语法”和“生活语法”的不同在于让你知道每种概念的背后如何使用语法来描述那些所谓“专业”词语,并且要求你能够分析每句话。除非你是语言学家,需要用这些“专业”词语的语法和其他语言学家谈论一门语言,会需要使用“学术语法”。但如果你学英语的目的仅仅是为了说话交流,沟通意思,“学

相关主题