雅思写作同义词替换
绝不：by no means under no circumstances in no case on no occasion
考虑：take···into consideration account think about make allowance(s) for sth
由于/因为：insomuch as ···because for the reason /occasion that result from as···since n ow that in that be owed to be attributed to b e ascribed to arise from/out of ···by occasion of sth
影响：exert a profound/far-reaching impact on
就我而言：so/as far as I am concerned as far as my knowledge is concerned
就···而言：As far as ···is concerned In terms of···In case of···
别无选择我，只能···：have no alternative but···
众所周知：It is universally acknowledged that···It is well- known to all that ···As is well-known to all,···
只有··才能···：Only by doing···could sb do···
大：big 正如常言所说：（just）as the saying/proverb goes ... 一定会：be bound /determined /guaranteed/certain to do 掌握：have a grasp /command of sth 正在：be under way=be on the point /course of =be about to=be on the verge of 听说：hear of sth 变得惊慌：get into a panic 取得进展：make progress in doing sth advance in step forwards 课程：compulsary/selective subject 必修课/选修课 婉转的说：to put it mildly 对···的瘾：addiction to 接触: reach out to / have access to…be exposed to expose sb to.. 树立··的榜样：cultivate the ···example for sb 即···：namely 有/承担···的义务：assume the responsibility of shoulder be responsible for 阻止：hold back prevent sb from doing sth keep sb away from doing sth hinder put a check on sth deflect sb from doing sth avert sth intercept sth 在内心深处：in one’s heart of hearts in the cockles of the heart 表示数量的词 1.少数几个：a few +n(c,pl) 2.没几个，否定含义：few +n(c,pl) 3.少量：a little + n(u) 4.没多少，表否定：little +n(u) 5.很多much +n(u) 6.很多many +n(c,pl) 7.很多a lot of/lots of+n(c,pl/u) 8.大量：a great /good deal of +n(u) 9.少量a bit of +n(c,pl/u) 10.大量：an/a great/a large abundance of+(c,pl/u) 11.大量：an/a large amount of+n(u) 12. a great many+n(c,pl) 13.大量: a great many of 冠词/物主代词/所有格+n(c,pl) 14.大量: a plenty of=plenties of+ n(c,pl/u) 15. 大量：a large number of + n(c,pl) 16.许多：many a+n(c,sing.) 17.足够的：ample + n.(c,pl/u.) 18.无数的：numerous +n.(c,pl) 19.足够的：sufficient+n(c,pl/u) 20.无数的：countless +n(c,pl) 21. a variety of +n(c,pl) 22.various+n(c,pl) 23.天文数字的花费：astronomical cost 大多数情况下：in most cases on most occasions in the normal course of··· 事情并非如此：It is not the case that 一···就···,刚···就···：1.as soon as …,…时态无所谓2.Hardly/scarcely had sb done than did 3.hardly had sb done when+ past tense 4.sb had no sooner done than did 5.no sooner had sb done than did 6.sb had hardly done than did 7.the moment 8.on +n(如his arrival 他的到来),… 常识：common sense 为了：in order to…/so as to…/for the sake of… 非常：most/exceedingly/tremendously/rather/extraordinarily/considerably/fabulously 随之时间的流逝：with the passage of time,… 随着…的积累：as …begin to accumulate 反对/打击：be opposed to do=object to do disagree dispute that…remonstrate with sb about sth Protest that…/aginst…show disapproving attitude raise one’s voice aginst disapprove of…dissent from… frown in…=oppose (doing) sth /fight aginst 实现：realize =bring about(带来)=lead up to 显而易见的/明显的：obvious apparent evident manifest doubtless transparent distinct 深入理解：have (further) insight into.. 丰富阅历/开阔视野：enrich one’s experience widen one’s horizon expand one’s outlook 昂贵的：costly expensive dear luxurious 机会垂青有准备的人：chances only favour those who are ready/prepared 引起/导致：bring about/forth give rise to raise cause lead up to prompt incur(招致) be to blame for Result in arouse(唤起人的··)=evoke=call forth=awake occasion compel one’s attention(引起关注) 恰恰相反：on the contray,……,but it is just opposite that… 相比之下：by /in contrast ,…by comparision,…compare to/with… 科学发展观：view of scientific development 可持续发展sustainable/sustained development 广告：commercial advertisement 迫切的：urgent pressing insistent 戏剧的：theatrical 生活质量：quality of life=life quality …的原因是…（表语从句）:The reason why …is that… 在…的背景下…:under the background of… 纳税人：taxpayer 孝心：filial piety /obedience 诚信：credit and honest 误入歧途：go astray stray into sth 金钱至上：mony-oriented 毫无：haven’t the slightest+n. 遭到/面临…：meet with+abstract n. confront(面临) face sth be face with in the face of sth encounter (遇到困难，邂逅某人) run into sb(巧遇) come across(遇到) 袖手旁观：turn a blind eye to…stand by and… 受..引诱：be tempted/fascinated/lured/attracted by…. Be interested in fall into temptation be intoxicated by Be absorbed in 吸引：appeal to../attract…/tempt…/fascinate…/lure…/capture one’s heart/draw one’s attention /magnetize/engage Mesmerize/captivate 沉迷于: be addicted to…/abandon oneself to…/be hooked on…/be intoxicated by/be indulged in/revel in 与…有关：be associated to/related to/connected with/involved in/concerned with/link up with/bound up with Concerning A…:关于A，考虑到A。 A concerning（prep）B:名词性质，关于B的A/与B有关的A 在于：lie in… rest with/on…be determined by… depend on. 壮丽、壮观：majestic splendid magnificent grand awesome spectacular gorgeous prodigious resplendent 对..无意见：have no ideal about have no voice with neutral=impartial(中立的) 有利的：advantageous beneficial useful favourable 拒绝：decline(婉言谢绝) reject refuse 超过：surpass overtake transcend exceed outweigh excel at eclipse overwhelm 克服：overcome surmount bridge the …gap 不言而喻…:It goes without saying that… 是…的时候了：It’s hight time that sb did… 审查（员）：censor(n./v.) censorship 审查制 强调：accentuate emphasize lay emphasis on…highlight stress punctuate 作总结：to conclude/summarize/sum up In conclusion/summary/ a word,.. all in all,… To draw a conclusion we can draw/come to a conclusion that… 交通堵塞：traffic jam 成功：blossom into success sth blossom succeed in doing make a success of 在…的情况下/如果…：on the condition that…in case of…if… provided/providing/supposed/supposing (that)…under the circumstances that… in the background of……(例如weather天气允许)permitting,… 发源：orgin source cradle(摇篮) sth stem from…sth can be traced back to…derive from 在…的过程中：be in the course/process of… 最终：finally eventually in the course of time ultimately at last 有可能会：be on course for sth/to do sth be likely to do…be bound to do(定会) be certain /sure to do/that(定会) Stand a chance of (doing) sth(有可能会成功…) 花费：It/sth costs/cost sb …(to do) sb spend…on (doing)sth It takes sb…to do sb expend..in/on sb/(doing) sth n. spending expense expenditure cost outlay 计划生育：family planning/birth control>one child policy(oral) 增加/促进/提高：enhance improve raise increase elevate promote strengthen reinforce ascend intensify(加强) boost prompt propel stimulate 上升：go up increase soar(骤升) boom(价值骤升) ascend rise grow escalate rocket(骤升) 下降：decline decrease(drastically/steeply) go down drop sink fall descend dip dwindle plunge(骤降) Plummet(骤降) on the downwards trend abate 减少/降低：decrease descend dip lower lessen 保持平稳: level out/off at reach a plateau of(上升到..后平稳) remain steady/stable 到达最高点：reach the peak/highest point of peak at scale the… 当事人：party parties in action litigant client 与事情相关的人person/party concerned interested parties 目击人：witness person on the spot 偏见/歧视：n. bias prejudice favoritism adj. biased prejudiced 歧视：point a contempt finger on…defy despise scorn pour/heap scorn on look down upon Disregard discriminate aginst(反义词：in favour of) 忽视：overlook ignore neglect lose the sight of turn a blind eye to 笔记本电脑：laptop portable computer 以防…: … in case…….lest……for fear that… 认为/表示：consider assume point out that…indicate(暗示) imply (暗示) reckon claim suggest(暗示) register(暗示) affirm（断言）assert（断言）argue believe in avow(声明) Think cling to(坚信) persist in(坚信) insist on(坚信) stick to(坚信) persevere to/with（坚信） Maintain(坚信)proclaim(显示) d epict(描绘) illustrate(显示) manifest(明示) be of the opinion of… 方式方法：manner a venue pattern way means approach access to…method solution resolution As a last resort(最后的解决方案) 风俗习惯：manners and customs convention 习惯于/适应：be/get used to doing be adapted to…be adjusted to…be accustomed to (doing) sth be oriented to…sb adjust/accustom/adapt oneself to… 和睦相处：get on (well) with sb get along with sb very well 调解，协调:coordinate reconcile 执行/贯彻：implement enforce carry out execute measure be taken by conduct perform fullfil(l) 不可避免的/坚定不移的：inescapable (不免) unshakeable（不移）inevitable(不免) ineluctable(不免) inextricable(不免) irreplaceable（不可替换）Unavoidable (不免) imperative(不免) irresistible(不免) 因此：hence so that as a result/consequence consequently therefore thus granted(that) 舒适的：agreeable enjoyable comfortable cozy 跨国公司：multi-national/transnational firm 既然：saying that now that since 然而/却：nevertheless whereas but however while 下决心：determine to do decide to do make up one’s mind to do 有助于：account for(解释..的原因) contribute to…do good to…be beneficial to…喜欢：be knee on…be interested in…be fond of…be a fans of…(oral) fancy would rather do… Prefer to do prefer doing to doing be into…(oral) be passionate take an avid interest in.. favour 有害/损害：do harm to be harmful/grievous/detrimental to pose threat to inflict harm on sb Endanger jeopardize ruin destroy damage injure demolish(灭) shatter (粉碎) undermine（削弱）counteract（削弱，抵消）Worsen（削弱）devastate（灭）努力…：spare no effort to do strike a blow for struggle for make great /every/concerted effort/endeavour to do Take pains to do strain every nerve to do do one’s utmost to do 令人愤怒的:annoying irritating maddening outrageous provoking 高度赞扬:speak highly of…heap praise on sb/sth praise sb/sth 坐落/位于/放置：situate/locate sth in somewhere sth be situated/located in somewhere 推迟：put off delay d efer p ostpone 当做：refer to sb as…view sth as…regard sb as…consider sb to be… deem sth as… 显示：reveal illustrate unfold indicate describe display depict present register show proclaim 趋势：trend tendency 倍数：times folds %1的表达方法：one out of one hundred one in (every) one hundred 1000个人中不到2个人：not two out of one thousand 大约：adv. Roughly about around approximately nearly in the neighborhood of more or less some+figure 超过：(just) over above more than 不到：(just)under below less/fewer than 从…之后：from+年份+on wards from then on thereafter afterwards 占据：account for occupy take up cover 小气的/自私的：self-interested selfish be stingy/mean with… narrow-minded mean 照顾/照看/处理：attend to take care of look after keep an eye on 考虑到：(关于)concerning…,…（句首用taking或to take）take…into consideration/account Considering…,…make allowance(s) for sth 仔细考虑：cogitate about/on…think about…contemplate… meditate be lost in thought/lose oneself in thought muse ponder (over)…deliberate appeal to resort ..to 归因于（因为）：sb attribute/ascribe/owe sth1 to sth2 sth1 be …/…/… to sth2 sth2 account for sth1 owe sth1 to sth2 经得起推敲：hold water bear much analysis forcible cogent 代表：on behalf of represent symbolize stand for exemplify 形象:image features perception profile 取决于…/根据…:in terms of…,…according to…,…In accordance with…/…in line with on basis of Rest on/with depend on lie on/in with reference to…hang on sth… 暗示/意味着：mean doing imply signify suggest indicate 同时：meanwhile at the same/mean time 同意/支持：be in favour of approve of agree with advocate back up sustain one’s claim that… Give strong backing to stand by sth concur in doing/with sth endorse=give endorsement to comply with Accede to sth embrace sth have faith in sth/sb相信support 观点：opinion view point viewpoint point of view contention be favourable to standpoint outlook Attitude of mind conception 当做/认作：regard sth as consider sth (to be) sth refer to sth as perceive sth as identify sb with sth View sth as 致命的：deadly fatal lethal mortal 毫无价值的：worthless valueless meaningless pointless vain useless vainly=in vain徒劳的 很有价值：invaluable valuable priceless meaningful 举例：taking…as exaples to illustrate the best illustration is …for example/instance 同样的,…: by the same token,…vice versa,…(反之亦然) 专家：expert specialist professional 高等教育：post secondary education 单向交流：one-way communication 应试教育/素质教育：exam-oriented education/quality education 义务教育：compulsory education 社交：socialize with get on (well) with 暴动：rebellion turbulence riot violent disturbance uprising (起义) 镇压：suppress repress put down 领域：field realm area 着手做/开始：set out to do embark on begin/start to do(一次性动作) begin/start doing(指动作在过去某时间点开始，并已经持续一段时间) take up enter into launch out into commence get down to set out to do=set to doing 构成/组成: A is made up of/composed of/ made of/from B A由B组成 A comprise of/consist of/constitute of/include B A由B组成禁止：prohibit sb from doing/sb’s doing sth forbid sb from doing/to do interdict sb from doing ban 被困住，遭遇：be tied up in…be held up in…be stuck by/in…be delayed by /in be caught in 成年人：adult g rown-up 老人：aged people elderly old people past-wealth-builder 保护：protect preserve conserve keep sb away/free from sth shield sb/sth from sb/sth prevent sb from doing safeguard 欣喜若狂：be wild with joy run into rapture 倾向于：be inclined to do tend/trend to do be disposed to prefer would rather do be prone to do(坏事) Apt to do 激励/激发：stimulate spur inspire motivate 泄露：let out betray break sth to sb denounce sb as… 复杂的:comlex(结构) complicated profound perplexing(难懂) intricate 易变的：changeful changeable fickle-minded inconstant=unconstant mutable variable volatile mercurial 多样的：various assort diverse a variety of 持久的：permanent enduring durable lasting ever-lasting eternal deathless perpetual abiding 对付/处理：tackle handle deal with cope with solve resolve 起…的作用/扮演…的觉色：play a role of serve a purpose as 利用:utilize make (full) use of take advantage of avail oneself of sth 事实上/实际上：actually as a matter of fact in fact virtually 受益/获利：benefit/profit from 折磨/使痛苦：torture torment afflict languish(受折磨) 公益广告：public service advertisement non-profit advertisement 优点：merit advantage strength strong point virtue predominance asset 缺点：shortcoming drawback disadvantage weakness defect flaw weak point vulnerable point vulnerability demerit 站不住脚的/有争议的：disputable lame groundless untenable flimsy ambiguous unbelievable unreliable Incredible t angential(离题的) equivocal 方面/角度：from… aspect/perspective/respect 当今的/最近：In this day and age In present/contemporary society current recent nowadays 杰出的/著名的：well-known famous renowned outstanding celebrated d istinguished remarkable notable Reputable prominent household name（家喻户晓的名字） 脆弱的:vulnerable fragile weak frail flimsy brittle faint 乐意/主动/情愿做：be willing/ready to do…do sth voluntarily/on a voluntary basis offer to do volunteer to do Be disposed to do do…out of one’s accord 勉强/不愿做：grudge(doing) sth be reluctant to do sth do…reluctantly do…grudgingly 剧烈运动：strenuous exercise 热点话题：a hot topic(of discussion) a hotly debated topic 立法：vi. L egislate vt. Legislate aginst…(立法，以控制…) enact a law launch a law 后代：offspring descendant next generationlater generationposterity 屈服/遵守：obey observe comply with submit oneself to be submissive to give in yield(a step) to sb Succumb to sb be obedient to follow hew to abide by 容忍/忍耐：endure tolerate bear stand abide hold with put up with can not abide(无法忍受) 强迫/被迫：enforce sth force/compel/constrain/oblige sb to do sb be …ed to do coerce sb into doing Impose /obtrude sth on/upon sb 生效: go/come into force/effect take effect 名望/声誉：reputation renown fame p rominence 集中(注意力等)/关心，担心/致力于：concentrate (one’s attention) on pay attention to focus on specialize in =concentrate one’s effort on=be dedicated/devoted to=dedicate/devote oneself to worry about(担心，动作) be worried about（担心，状态）sth concern sb(使某人担心) 改变/转化：change alter sth vary according to…(某物因…而异) modify convert sth into sth be converted into sb convert to sth(改变观点，信仰) convert sb to sth transform switch sth switch over to sth Shif sth(from)…to…sth1vary with sth2(sth1因为sth2而异) 诽谤/诋毁/侮辱：vt. calumniate n. libel n. scandal vt./n. slander vt./n. affront 侮辱vt. humiliate 侮辱 n. indignity 侮辱n./vt. Insult 侮辱n. shame 侮辱v t. Decry 诋毁vt. Bespatter 诋毁vt. Vilipend 相对：relative comparative 除此之外/更有甚者/而且：to crown it all,…further more moreover what is more in addition(to sth) Besides additional apart from except for…(若不是) 激发/刺激/促进：activate sb to do motivate sb to do stimulate sb/sth spur sb/sth inspire sb to do 粗鲁的/残忍的：crude rude cruel barbaric=barbarous fierce violent vicious merciless 自大的/自负的：portentous ambitious arrogant aggressive radical(激进的) boastful conceited overconfident Pretentious 伪造/篡改：misrepresent(曲解)=distort sophisticate fabricate counterfeit forge concoct fake feign b astardize 故意的/蓄意的：do sth on purpose/deliberately 偶尔/几乎不：adj. occasional adv. On occasion=occasionally adv. Seldom adv. Rarely (ever) once in a while/way 偶然/碰巧/意外的：accidentally=by accident coincidentally=by coincidence casually by chance randomly happen to do=It (so) happen that…chance to do It chanced that… 招惹/激怒：incur sth ger a rise out of sb irritate sb provoke outrage=enrage exasperate madden 认为..理所当然：take it for granted that… 不言而喻：It goes without saying that…needless to say,… 援引：quote cite invoke addule(引证) 奇怪的/古怪的：strange peculiar odd eccentric whimsical queer weird fantastic abnormal 发光/闪耀：flash flicker glint glisten gleam glitter glow blink t winkle sparkle glance shine Wink coruscate flare 减轻/减弱/缓和:alleviate(压力和痛苦) relieve lessen lighten(减轻) weaken（减弱）ease mitigate defuse(缓和局势,拆弹) moderate 消除/根除：eliminate dispose of sth eradicate exterminate root sth/sb out a nnihilate shatter 拆除：demolish=tear down(建筑) detach(拆分) defuse(拆除爆炸物) 打击/使泄气：frustrate disappoint deflate demoralize 疗法：remedy therapy (用规则条例)管理/使规范化：regulate 吹嘘/夸大/奉承：trumpet sth as sth exaggerate(夸张) overstate(夸张) crow about/over sth boast(吹嘘) Adulation(n.吹捧) flatter(奉承，较常用) fawn upon(奉承) blow sth up(夸大) swagger 承认：recognize admit acknowledge（公认）confess(坦白，交代) accept sth as…concede 浪费/挥霍：squander spend sth lavishly lavish sth upon sth/sb waste dissipate splurge sth on sth 标准/规范：norm criteria criterion standard yardstick benchmark 规则/规章/纪律：discipline(纪律) norm regulation rule provision prescript stipulation 肤浅的：superficial shallow tangential skin-deep injudicious 沮丧的/郁闷的：dejected disappointed frustrated depressed gloomy 虐待：abuse maltreat ill-treat mishandle misuse mistreat 太…以至于…：so +adj.+that… 太…而不能…: too+adj.+to… 再…也不为过: sb can not/never have too many sth (sb 有再多的sth也不为过新概念3) sb can not be too +adj.(sb再…也不为过) 吓人/惊吓/恫吓：scare frighten deter(震慑) threaten intimidate surprise sb(with sth) startle panic(使惊慌) shock terrify take sb aback throw sb into consternation confound 害怕/不敢/畏惧/担心：dare not to do=do not dare to do fear be afraid of/that I (am) worried about be concerned about be in fear of in dread of do…with dread dread (doing) sth/sb doing sth dread to think(不敢想象) venture to suggest(小心提醒) recoil in horror(吓得退缩，recoil本来指枪械的后作用力) Recoil from (doing) sth/ sb be frightened to do/of doing sth 猛地：suddenly all of a sudden with a start abruptly v.(动作)+plump （<-adv.）+ prep.(方位) Plump(v.)+prep with a jerk(n.) jerk（v.）+prep.(方位) 可怕的/令人恐惧的：fearful awful dreadful frightening terrible bloody(血腥的) horrible terrifying scary(口语常用) bloodcurdling hair-raising(毛骨悚然的，这个词真的很形象哦^_^) Nightmare(n.梦魇) nightmarish hoffific ghastly 冒…的风险/以…为代价：do sth at the risk/cost of…risk (doing) sth to do venture sth1 on sth2(以牺牲sth1为代价做sth2) noting ventured ,noting gained （不入虎穴焉得虎子）run/take risk without taking risks(不冒风险) Take a chance (on sth) sacrifice sth1/sth1 be sacrificed on the alter of sth2 (以牺牲sth1为代价做sth2) 传奇般的/了不起的：legendary marvelous miraculous 极好的/引人入胜的：fantastic gorgeous spectacular amazing tremendous marvelous extraordinary splendiferous wonderful excellent brilliant resplendent 假的/伪造的: fake spurious artificial counterfeit pseudo feigned supposititious false imitative fraudulent 真的：genuine true(事实，真相) real authentic 欺骗:deceive sb (into doing) (骗某人做某事) fraud （n.诈骗；骗子）cheat sb (out) of sth(骗某人的东西) Cheat sb into the belief that….(骗某人去相信…) =dupe sb into doing swindle sb out of sth Take in sb take advantage of sb(利用某人) defraud sb of sth 评估/估计/期望: estimate assess sth at +figure(具体数字) evaluate(评价，不能用于物品估价) reckon(估计，期望) Expect anticipate suppose appraise value(估价) 预言/预计：foretell foresee forecast predict expect anticipate prophecy(n.预言) prophet(预言家) Prophesy(v.预言) 重要的/根本的/实质的：important significant be of vital importance/significance substantial essential pivotal critical crucial momentous staple 动机/目标/成因：motive(动机) motivation(动机) incentive(动机) driving force(驱动力，动机) inducement(动机) intention(动机) purpose （目标）object=objective（目标）for the sake（目标）of…goal（目标）pursuit（追求，目标） ideal（目标） aim（目标）target（目标）end （fml.目标） 经历/经过：experience undergo go through(经历) get through(通过) 受…困扰/蒙受：be plagued/assailed/persecuted/tormented/totured/bothered by…be afflicted with…suffer(from)…sustain sth 义务/责任：obligation commitment onus duty responsibility liability 贪婪：greed(n.) greedy(adj.) avarice(n.) avaricious(adj.) cupidity(n. 词源：“丘比特”) rapacious(adj.) rapacity(n.) 报仇/报复：avenge/revenge oneself(复仇者) on sb(仇人) avenge sth(为某事复仇) sb1 (复仇者)be revenged on sb2（仇人）take one’s(复仇者) revenge on sb（仇人）合适的/适当的/可行的：viable(可行) feasible(可行) practicable=practical(可行) workable(可行) proper(适当) Appropriate(适当) be suitable for(合适) moderate（合适的）fit(v. 适合) likely(合适) apt(合适的) Felicitous（适当） corresponding(合适的，对应的) 证明/证明…有道理: prove sth be proved to be sth/sb prove a+n.(结果是…)=sth/sb turn out to be demonstrate testify about/aginst…(就…作证)=attest verify(核实) justify(证明…有道理) authenticate sth.(证明…是真的) warrant(证明..有道理) certify(证实) 保证/确保：guarantee(n./v.保证) guarantee (v.)to do…/that…/sth ensure(确保) assure(使确信，使放心) Secure sth(保障获得某物) make sure vouch for sb/sth(为…作担保) 调查/查明：inquire(Am.)/enquire(Eng.) into sth investigate sth take inquiries into sth examine ionto sth. Survey research into sth look into scan(仔细检查，扫描) ascertain(查明) find out(查明) 惩罚：punish sb with /by sth1 for doing sth2=penalize(因sth2 而用sth1来惩罚sb) Inflict + 刑罚的名称（施加…惩罚）corporal punishment(体罚) =chastisement capital punishment(死刑，形象的理解为“断头刑”) 批评/训斥/责备：criticize reprimand scold condemn chastise castigate blame reproach sb with/by sth1 for (doing) sth2. reproach oneself(自责) criticism(n.批评) rebuke(n./v.) censure(n./v.) call sb off(口语常用) denounce 仪器/设备/装置：instrument(仪器) appliance（仪器/设备）apparatus(仪器) device(设备) equipment(装置/设备) facility(设备) installation(设备，还有名词安装的意思) 延长（空间上）/推迟（时间上）/耽误：prolong （doing）sth(时间) stretch（空间）elongate(空间fml) Protract(时间) sb be held up in…/hold sb up in(耽误) delay(耽误，推迟) postpone(推迟) extend(空间) Defer(推迟) put off(推迟) lengthen(时间或空间) temporize(时间) respite（时间） 认出/识别出/区分/不同：identify(识别) distinguish（区分）spot(发现/认出) tell sth1 from sth2(区分) Differentiate(区分) tell apart(区分) make a distinction between A and B(区分A和B) be different/distinct/dissimilar from …(与..不同) disparate(不同) diverse(多样的) variant(不同的) sth vary from person/individual to person/individual(sth 因人而异) differ(v.) from(不同) 分开/分离/隔离/离开：separate set apart(分开，留出) depart from…(从…离开) leave for…(离开去…) Isolate(隔离，孤立) split(sth) into…(分裂成…/把sth分离) split from/with sb=break off=part(v.) from sb (与sb分手/绝交) divide sth into （将sth 划分为）sever(断绝) part sb from sb(隔离) separately（分别做…【不能用respectively,respectively表示各自是多少。】） 渴望/想…: be avid for sth long for sth be eager to do…/for sth thirst for sth aspire after yearn for 发誓/誓言：oath pledge promise(n./v.) pledge oneself to sth(发誓会做某事) promise to do/that pledge that…swear to do/that…sb be worn to secrecy(sb发誓保密) vow(n.誓言) vow to do/that… Take/make an oath that…make/give a promise that… 忠实/忠诚：loyal give allegiance to(衷心于…) in good faith(真诚地) be faithful to dutiful sincere （真挚的) fidelity devoted dedicated 回忆/回想：recall(回想起) recollect(想起) in retrospect,…(回首往事，…) do…retrospectively(做…来找回过去的感觉) bring back one’s memory of(把某人带回到…的记忆中去) call sth to mind remember think back to… 缺乏：be short/destitute of…be deficient in…lack(in)…scarce(adj.) be devoid of…be pressed for+time/capital(缺乏时间/资金) want for sth be insufficient of…be wanting in…be lacking in… The + 缺乏n.+ of…（…的缺乏）：n.: destitution lack deficiency shortage scarceness insufficiency 违反/违背：violate break offend(侵犯) deviate from…(背离…) breach(违反n./v.) In contravention of…commit+罪名（犯…罪）depart from sth(背离) act/go against run counter to Disobey infringe transgress(越轨) 奉献/贡献：devote dedicate donate contribute to make contribution to 突破点/转折点：breakthrough (突破点) mark a turning point in sth(标志着sth的转折点) milestone=milepost(转折点、里程碑) break(v.) through=pierce through (突破) 绑架/劫持：abduct(vi.) kidnap(vt.) hijack(v./n.) hold sth under duress(fml) 阴谋：plot(v.)/conspire(v.) (with sb) /(against sb) conspiracy(n.) plot(n.) intrigue(n.) intrigue(v)…machination(n.) 可怜的/值得同情的：pitiful pathetic miserable wretched poor humble(卑微的) 传播/散布：transmit spread disseminate disperse promulgate+观点/思想等diffuse propagate 困窘的/丢脸的：embarrassed embarrassing(令人尴尬的) abashed awkward shameful(丢脸的，定语) ashamed(丢脸的，表语) 突袭/突击：assault (n./v.) assail(n./v.) raid(n./v.) attack(n./v.) invade=intrude(入侵) 给/上交：submit render confer present administer impart give bestow deliver sth to sb offer(提供) provide(提供) supply(提供) hand in turn over hand over vouchsafe 呈现/展现出：take on (a new look) (展现出新面貌) present assume 授权：empower sb to do authorize entitle 连…都，更不用说…：…,let alone +... …,to say noting of … 窒息: be choked/ choke(vi./vt.) be asphyxiated 十足的/名副其实的：veritable 时期/阶段/纪元：time times(pl.,历史阶段) stage period phase era 名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一） 1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/94460370.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit https://www.sodocs.net/doc/94460370.html,petitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们(Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount of= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词） 13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point o f view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…ad vances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副 中性动词 1. 导致：v.cause,bringabout,giveriseto,leadto,generate,create,Beacontributingfactor to 2.认为：v.pointout,argue,claim,assert,think,consider 3.强调：v.emphasize,bring/callattentionto,accentuate,heighten,strengthen 4.集中：v.focuson,concentrateon 5.解决：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/94460370.html,bat,address,tackle,resolve,solve 6.从事：v.carryout,conduct,perform 7.承认：v.concede,admit,acknowledge,accept,allow,grant 正向动词 1.支持：v.support,advocate,agreewith 2.增加： v.increase,grow,rise,enlargen. increase,growth,rise,enlargeme nt 3.改善：v.improve,enhance,upgrade,boost n.improvement,enhancement,boom 4.扩张： v.expand,enlarge,extend,widen,broadenn. expansion,enlargement,extension 5.提高：v.augment,increase,develop,intensify n.augment,increase,development 6.发展： v.develop,advance,grow,evolve,flourish n.development,advancement,growth,flour ishing 7.产生：v.develop,comeintobeing/existence,comeabout 8.获得：v.acquire,gain,get,obtain,attain 9.执行：v.implement,execute,putintoeffect,perform n.implementation,performance 10.实现： v.achieve,fulfill,gain,accomplish,attainn.achievement,accomplis hment,attainment 11.开始：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/94460370.html,mence,begin,start https://www.sodocs.net/doc/94460370.html,mencement,beginning,start 12.促进： v.promote,further,advance,encourage,stimulate,fost ern.promotion,advancement 13.鼓励：v.stimulate,encourage,actasstimulus,motivate n.encouragement,incentive,motivation 14.唤起：v.arouse,cause,induce,prompt,trigger,sparkoff 15.需要：v.callfor,demand,require 16.取代：v.replace,taketheplaceof,substitutefor 雅思阅读同义替换整理 adequate inadequate sufficient deficient=insufficient 充足的ample 反不充足的scarce / rare (Enough) plenty of (Not enough) shortage abundant lacking / lack raise rise increase grow 上升soar/surge ascend accelerate=speed up boost / promote / enhance v. 促进 prosper / thrive / flourish v. 繁荣 beneficial/ profitable / rewarding/ successful a. 有利的, 成功的 advantage/ virtue/ merit/ benefit/ strength/ positive side n. 优点，好处 fall / drop / plunge/ slump decrease / decline / descend 下降 degrade / degenerate/ deteriorate v. 恶化, 退化 devastate / destroy/ demolish v. 破坏 reduce / reduction lessen / minimize 下降relieve / alleviate v. 减轻 vanish / disappear/fade v. 消失 depression/ recession n. 衰退 harmful/ devastating/ detrimental a. 有害的 poisonous / toxic / noxious a. 有毒的 disadvantage/failing/ defect/ drawback/ fault/ weakness/negative side n. 缺点，不利 obstacle/ barrier/ hurdle / hinder / obtrude 阻碍 sharply 副词swiftly slowly rapidly gradually 快速地quickly 缓慢地steadily rapidly instantly slowly by degree immediately step by step promptly Part 1 A A band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群 A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 Appreciation=interest 欣赏 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 As well as=and和 As well=too也 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Complain=illness 病症 Concern n. =focus关心的问题 Concern v. =about 与……有关 雅思阅读同义词替换合集 1. successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv. 2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n. 3. commute=travel 通勤 v. 4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj. 5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n. 6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj. 7. together=face to face 共同 8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 辩驳v. 9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n. 10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n. 11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的 12. limited=minimal 有限的adj. 13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移 14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明 15. related=associated 有关联的 adj. 16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受v. 17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究n. 18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v. 19. disease=medical complain=illness 病痛 n. 20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上 雅思写作同义词 1、趋势类词汇 上升动词类: increase， go up， rise up， grow up， jump up， surge， shoot up，keep an upward tendency 下降动词类: decrease， go down， decline， fall down， drop， sink， dip， keep a downward tendency 波动动词类: fluctuate 持平动词类: remain the same， stabilize， remain stable， remain constant 修饰动词的副词: slightly 轻微地， slowly 缓慢地， gradually 逐渐地， steadily 稳定地， rapidly 迅速地， moderately 温和地，轻微地， significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地， dramatically急剧地， drastically 急剧地 上升名词类: increase， rise， growth， jump， surge 下降名词类: decrease， decline， fall， reduction， drop 波动名词类: fluctuation 修饰名词的形容词: slight， slow， gradual， steady， rapid， moderate，significant， sharp， dramatic， drastic 2、极值类词汇和表达 最高点: reach the peak/top/highest point Increase to the peak/top/highest point 最低点: reach the bottom/lowest point drop to the bottom/lowest point 占的最多: occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of … 本文将汇总剑9雅思阅读的同义词替换，准备雅思考试的考生可以做一个参考。 剑9第一篇： 1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived 2. enrol in a school/attend a school 3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune 4. Immediately understand/instant recognition 5. refer to/ known as 6. consult/ ask advice of 7. now/ current/present/happening 8. transmission/ sending information 9. response/ reply 10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research 11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate 12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of 13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest 14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as 15. promptly/ immediately/instantly 16. migrant/ migrate/ migration 17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former 18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration 19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want 20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found 21. determine/ decide 22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure 23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy 24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/ present/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest 剑9第二篇： 1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop 2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy 3. Global/international 4. Team effort/ institutional working party 5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential 6. Suitable/appropriate 7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard 8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease 9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable 10. Auditory problems/hearing loss 11. Study/carry out research 12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine 13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children 14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices 常见同义词归纳 Bright future/splendid future/rosy prospect Traffic busy/traffic jam/traffic congestion/gridlock Happy/delightful/glad/content/ecstatic/auspicious Difficult/hard/complicated/tough/intricate Important/significant/substantial/serious/far-reaching/ Big/large/great/huge/massive/vast/enormous/substantial Very/extremely/highly/greatly/really/deeply/profoundly Make/cause/create/effect/lead to/generate/bring about/produce/give rise to Must/necessity/essentia l/requirement/fundamental/imperative/ requisite/prerequisite/sine qua non Will n /desire/intention/fancy/preference/inclination/v wish/want/prefer/desire/see fit Good/excellent/awesome/amazing/ remarkable/nice Many/a large number of/numerous/various/countless/abundant/innumerable/manifold Think/imagine/consider/meditate/ponder/contemplate/belost in though/ People/persons/individuals/folk/men and women/humanity/mankind/ Upset/sad/sorrowful/morose/melancholy/down/depressed/dejec 雅思阅读考点词汇刘洪波解析+同义替换 考点核心词 abandon abstract accelerate * access * Acknowledge =Admit =recognize express gratitude for； =notice =accept as legally binding and valid =accept (sb) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority -----The crown prince was ackownledged as the heir TO the throne * adapt to * addictive adjust * admit adversity =hardship misfortune affliction /hard knocks / Disaster tragedy grief evil = a stroke of ill fortune; a calamitous events -adverse=harmful inauspicious untoward contrary counter aggression=hostility violence invasion infringement -hostile=unfriendly agreeable Aid Allergic =Hypersensitive hypersensitized hypersensitised Sensitized sensitised supersensitized alter * alternative altitude analyse * ancient * application apply to * appreciate * approach * approve array =series of/ranging =clothes/thread/garment an array of troops/books/emotions/fruit and vegetables artificial * Assess 对人judgment对物calculate estimate =evaluate valuate value measure =tax * assign -assignment =任命职务，任务sb to a post=delegate designate depute *assign a task to children =give out/allot sth 动词替换 做：do=exercise, practice, perform (做法：behavior=exercise, practice, performance) 对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to =be advantageous to=be conducive to 对…有害处：be harmful/bad for=be detrimental to =be disadvantageous to=be pernicious to 集中精力于：focus on=A devote oneself to=dedicate oneself to= commit oneself to =B engage oneself in= employ oneself in 认为：think assert, contend, claim, maintain, note, believe, deem, insist, argue hold the viewpoint that= hold the standpoint that= hold the perspective that harbor an idea/opinion that = embrace a view that Be convinced that = be firmly convinced that = be fully convinced that (观点：viewpoint，standpoint，perspective ) 反对：be against=reject, object, oppose=be opposed to= become hostile to 支持：support=take sides with= side with =advocate=incline towards =lend support to=sing high praise of =in favor of 导致：lead to=trigger=spark=provoke=result in, bring about, contribute to =give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for (归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to) 看到（see），读到(read)，学到(learn)=接触到make contact with=have access to=be accessible to =暴露于be exposed to=gain exposure to =获得obtain=attain=acquire 发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve) =A 及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce 名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement Cambridge 4 TEST 1 1.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v. 2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v. 3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n. 4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj. 5.change=modify(modification) 改变v. 6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n. 7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v. 8.where=geographical location 表地点 9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj. 10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n. 11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v. 12.newspapers, television=media媒体n. 13.where to live=habitat居住地n. 14.get warmer=global warming变暖n. 15.contribute to=play a part有助于v. 16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v. 17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n. 18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v. 19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj. 20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. 21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. 22.mating=courtship交配. 23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v. 24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力 25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one =ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj. 26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj. 27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n. 28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj. 29.blind=can not see瞎的adj. Cambridge 4 TEST 2 1.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n. 2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v. 3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v. 4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n. 5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v. 6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/94460370.html,munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n. 8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj. 9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no 核心动词： 1.想，认为 think,hold,argue,concede,assert,deem,consider,believe,maitain, 2深思熟虑，仔细考虑 ponder,deliberate,meditate,comteplate,reflect 3.培养 cultivate,foster,nurture,nourish 4.加强，巩固 strengthen,sonsolidate,reinforce, 5.显示，表明 manifest, display,show,reveal,present,suggest,demonstrate,indicate,illustrate,re flect 6.确认，证实 verify, confirm, establish,affirm 7.断言，宣称 declare,claim,allege,assert,state 8.支持，维护,拥护 support,maitain,uphold,approve,advocate,champion 9.反对 oppose,be against,disagree,disapprove,object to 10.解决(问题，麻烦) solve,tackle,combat,address,resovle,cope with,settle 11.导致，引发，引起 give rise to,trigger,spark,lead to,bring about,result in, 12.建议，提议 suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise,put forward, 13.阻止，阻碍,限制 prevcnt, deter,jeopardize,restrain，confine (to),restrict,refrain,limit 14.影响 have effect on, affect,influence,have an impact on,sway 15.增长，发展，提高 increase,rise,develop,enhance,improve,advance,upgrade,raise,facilita te,boost,promote 16.下降，减少 decrease,decline,fall,drop,slump 17.实现，完成 fulfil,realize,achieve,accomplish,attain 18.提供，给予 supply,provide,perform…for,offer,yield 19.占。。。（百分比） take up,amount to,account for,reach 20．适应 Cambridge同义词替换大全 同义词替换（剑四）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4 同义词替换（剑五）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4 同义词替换（剑六）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4 同义词替换（剑七）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4 同义词替换（剑八）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4 Cambridge4 TEST1 1.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v. 2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v. 3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n. 4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj. 5.change=modify(modification) 改变v. 6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n. 7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v. 8.where=geographical location 表地点 9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj. 10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n. 11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v. 12.newspapers, television=media媒体n. 13.where to live=habitat居住地n. 14.get warmer=global warming变暖n. 15.contribute to=play a part有助于v. 16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v. 17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n. 18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v. 19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj. 20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. 21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. 22.mating=courtship交配. 23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v. 24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力 25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one =ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj. 26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj. 27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n. 28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj. 29.blind=can not see瞎的adj. Cambridge4 TEST2 1.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n. 1.几乎：approximately= nearly= almost=about=around 比例：proportion= percentage= percent=rate=ratio 开采完，耗尽：deplete= exhaust= exploit= run out of 错综复杂的：complex= complicated= sophisticated= intricate 2. significant=enormous=dramatic=tremendous=remarkable=crucial=substantial=apprec iably 巨大的，明显的 一成不变的：rigid=stiff=unchanged=invariable 交换，转换：exchange=swap=alter=shift…from… 3.致命的：deadly= fatal= lethal= mortal 兴旺，繁荣：prosperous= thriving= booming= flourishing 环境：circumstance= surroundings= environment= background 隔绝，孤立：isolate= alienate= insulate 替代物：substitution= alternative 创新的：inventive= creative= ingenious= revolutionary 4.模棱两可的：ambiguous= obscure= vague 缺乏的，短缺的：inadequate= deficient= be lack of= be shortage of 对...怀疑：skeptical= dubious= suspicious 矛盾的：contradictory= opposing= conflicting= incongruous 加速：accelerate= speed up= hasten= step up 5.次要的：peripheral= marginal= fringe= insignificant 提高效率/生产率：create/ gain efficiently= increase productivity 贫穷的，落后的：in poverty= impoverished 与...有关连：associate with= link to= relate to= combine with 加强：improve= enhance= promote= boost= strengthen 中立的：neutral 否定的，消极的：negative 积极的，肯定的：positive 6.缺点，缺陷：drawback= fault= defect= imperfection= flaw= shortcoming= weakness 令人困惑的：bewildering= puzzling= perplexing= confusing= baffling 残疾的：handicap= disabled 不令人满意的：unsatisfactory= hardly be looked upon 标准：caliber= criterion= standard= specification 7.相似的：be alike/ be similar to= be resemble in= be identical to 障碍：barrier= hurdle= obstacle 解决问题：address= solve= resolve= cope with= deal with= tackle the problem 强调，重视：emphasize= stress= highlight= focus on= concentrate on= pay attention雅思阅读同义词替换总结
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