高中英语主谓一致(含答案)

主谓一致

(Agreement between subject and verb)

1.主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。如：

(1) I am (be) seventeen. She is (be) sixteen. And how old are (be) you?

(2) There is (be) a desk in the room. There are (be) no chairs in it.

(3) John gets (get) up at six o’clock every morning.

(4) They have (has/have) not come yet. What has (has/have) happened to them?

(5) Nobody knows (know) who is (be) going to win in the competition.

(6) What is (be) the latest news about the World Cup?

如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，则主谓一致一般要依据语法一致、意义一致、就近一致的原则来判断。

2.集体或集合名词作主语时，遵循意义一致原则：如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体

(成员)时, 谓语动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有class, family, team, group, crowd, army, enemy, police, couple, audience, government, population, the public等。另外，集合名词people, cattle 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

(1) The family is (be) very big.

(2) The family are (be) very early risers.

(3) This class has (have) eighteen girls and twenty-five boys.

(4) This class are (be) very bright especially in science subjects.

(5) The government were (be) having an important meeting when I got there.

(6) The government is (be) planning further cuts in income tax.

(7) The army is (is/are) going to remain in this town.

(8) The army have (has/have) rescued the miners trapped under the ruins.

(9) The police is (be) an organization which protects (protect) the public from harm.

(10) The police are (be) people who catch (catch) thieves and robbers.

(11) The couple were/was (be) married in 2006.

(12) The audience seem/seems (seem) to have enjoyed the concert.

(13) The public are/is (be) very excited now that the concert hall is completed.

(14) The population of China is (be) very large and more than half of the population live (live)

in rural areas.

(15) In the distance, people are (is/are) working in the field and cattle are (is/are) grazing (吃草)

on the hillside.

3. 某些单复数同形的名词如means, species, series, sheep, deer, fish等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数可

根据名词前的修饰语、限定词或上下文来判定。如：

(1) Every means has (has/have) / All means have (has/have) been tried, but in vain.

(2) There is (is/are) a new species of whale hiding in our ocean.

(3) There are (is/are) many species of dogs in the animal world.

(4) There is (is/are) a deer / are (is/are) two sheep under the tree. / There are (is/are) several

fish in the tank.

4. 某些以-s结尾的名词不表示复数而表达单数概念，如学科名词maths, physics, politics，书报名the

Times，国名the United States或组织名称the United Nations，以及不可数名词news, plastics等，这类名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；但是，the Olympics / Olympic Games作主语时谓语动词常用复数。如：

(1) Physics is (be) my favorite subject.

(2) The New York Times is (be) an American daily newspaper.

(3) So far the Arabian1001 Nights has been translated (translate) into many foreign languages.

(4) The United States acts (act) as the world police.

(5) Here comes (come) the news that he has been admitted into Peking University.

(6) The Olympic Games are held (hold) every four years.

5. 某些以-s结尾的名词表示的是由两个对称的部分构成的成双成对成套的物品，如trousers, glasses,

shoes, gloves, shorts, socks, scissors等，这类名词作主语时谓语动词用复数；但如果前面被a/the pair of修饰时应看作整体，谓语动词用单数。如：

(1) I found the shoes were (be) worn out.

(2) I found the pair of shoes was (be) worn out.

(3) Glasses are (is/are) sometimes important to a person’s image.

(4) It is obvious that the pair of glasses makes (make) her more charming.

6. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示度量衡单位数量作主语时，通常被看作整体，

谓语动词常用单数。如：

(1) Three hours is (be) enough for us to finish the task.

(2) Is (be) twenty dollars a big sum to her?

(3) Three thousand miles is (be) a long distance.

(4) Fifty kilograms is (be) not too heavy to be carried.

说明：如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。如：

(1) One hundred cents make (make) a dollar.

(2) More than 50 years have passed (pass) since they got married.

7. 两个（或以上）名词（或代词）由and连接作主语，指两个（或以上）不同的人或事物时，谓语

动词用复数。如：

(1) Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were (be) here a moment ago.

(2) My brother and I have (has/have) both seen the film.

(3) Both rice and wheat are (is/are) grown in this part of China.

(4) Walking and riding are (is/are) good exercises.

说明：

(Ⅰ) 当and不表示并列意义，连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个物件配成的物品时，谓语要用单数。如：

(1) The singer and dancer gives (give) several concerts every year.

(2) The professor and writer is (is/are) speaking at the meeting.

(3) The professor and the writer are (is/are) going to speak at the meeting.

(4) One more knife and fork is (is/are) needed.

(5) War and peace is (is/are) a constant theme in history.

(Ⅱ) 两个并列的名词有each，every，no，many a…等修饰语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

(1) Each doctor and (each) nurse was (was/were) given a new shirt.

(2) Every desk and (every) chair is (is/are) made of wood.

(3) No sound and no voice was (was/were) heard in the dark street.

(4) Many a boy and (many a) girl in the class has (has/have) made the same mistake.

8. 不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something,

no one, nobody, nothing, each (of), either (of), the other (one)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：

(1) Everything is (be) ready.

(2) Someone wants (want) to see you.

(3) Does (do) anybody want to go with me?

(4) There was (be) nobody in the classroom. I didn’t go in.

(5) Each of the students is required (require) to wear the school uniform on Mondays.

(6) Either of the books on the table belongs (belong) to me.

说明：不定代词all, some, any以及such, the following等作主语时，谓语动词视其指代的内容和意义而定。如：

(1) All we need is (is/are) time. / Now all has (has/have) changed. / All are (is/are) silent at

the meeting.

(2) Such are (is/are) his words. / Such is (is/are) what he told me.

(3) The following is (is/are) his advice on learning English. / The following are (is/are) some

tips on learning English.

9. 代词none和neither有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定（即作主

语时，谓语动词用单复数均可）。但是代表不可数名词时，只看作单数，谓语动词用单数；neither 作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词也用单数。如：

(1) It is strange that none of them has/have arrived (arrive) yet.

(2) I’m disappointed that neither of them knows/know (know) the answer.

(3) None of the money is (is/are) mine. / None of the students is/are (is/are) there.

(4) Neither statement is (is/are) true.

10. 当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but或not only ... but also连接

时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致（即就近一致）。如：

(1) Either you or one of your classmates is (be) to take part in the English Speech Contest.

(2) Neither he nor I am (be) fond of rock music.

(3) Not the passengers but the driver is/was (be) to blame for the accident.

(4) Not only the students but also the teacher longs (long) for a holiday.

11. 由there或here引导的句子（倒装句），谓语动词应与后面的主语保持一致；当主语不止一个名

词时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致（即就近一致）。如：

(1) Look! Here/There comes (come) the bus.

(2) There stands (stand) a big tree in front of our teaching building.

(3) There is (be) a lamp, two pens and six books on the desk.

(4) Here are (be) some envelopes and paper for you.

说明：在其它主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数也应与其后的主语保持一致。如：

(1) Between the two windows hangs (hang) a picture.

(2) In front of the school stand (stand) several shops.

12.当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than,

without, not, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等时，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍与前面的主语保持一致（即就前或就远一致）。如：

(1) Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children,was (was/were) invited to our party.

(2) The girl as well as the boys has (has/have) learnt to drive a car.

(3) It is your efforts, rather than your intelligence, that determine (determine) your success.

(4) All but Tom have known (know) the truth so far.

13. 当all of / most of / lots (a lot) of / plenty of / part of / half of / the rest of / the majority of /… percent of /

one third of + 名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后面的名词或代词表示的意义（即就后一致）。如：

(1) Half of the work has (has/have) not been done.

(2) Half of the students have (has/have) finished their composition.

(3) Lots of damage was (was/were) caused by the fire.

(4) Most of his money is/was spent (spend) on the rent. The rest is/was (be) not enough to support his family.

(5) The majority of happiness surrounding money is (is/are) temporary (暂时的), not lasting.

(6) The majority of people are (is/are) in favor of banning smoking. / The majority is/are (is/are) in favor of banning smoking.

(7) Over seventy percent (Nearly two thirds) of the surface of the earth is covered (cover) with/by water.

14. 动名词(doing)、不定式(to do)或单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但what 引导的主语

从句视后面的表语而定；两个或多个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

(1) Seeing is (is/are) believing. / To see is (is/are) to believe.

(2) Collecting stamps is (is/are) one of his hobbies.

(3) Whether we will go camping this weekend remains (remain) unknown.

(4) What we need is (be) more time. / What we need are (be) more textbooks.

(5) When and where the meeting will be held has (has/have) not been decided yet.

(6) What I did and how I did it have (has/have) nothing to do with you.

15. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that 在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和

数保持一致。如：

(1) The man who lives (live) next to us is a teacher.

(2) Those who are (be) interested in the activity can sign up before this Friday.

(3) Beijing, which is (be) the capital of China, has (has/have) a long history.

(4) She is one of the students who know (know) French. / She is the only one of the students who knows (know) French.

16. 主谓一致中的其它问题：

(Ⅰ

+ v.(单数)

(Ⅱ) a number of + n.(复数) + v.(复数)

the number of + n.(复数) + v.(单数)

(Ⅲ) a large quantity of + n.(不可数) + v.(单数)

a large quantity of + n.(复数) + v.(单数/复数)

large quantities of + n.(不可数/复数) + v.(复数)

(Ⅳ) a large amount of

a great/good deal of large amounts of + n.(不可数) + v.(复数)

(Ⅴ) this kind of + n.(单数/复数) + v.(单数)

n.(单数) + of this kind + v.(单数)

n.(复数) + of this kind + v.(复数)

(Ⅵ) the Smiths/Greens/…(the+姓氏名词复数, 表示“…一家/夫妇”)

the young/old/rich/poor/disabled/injured/…(the+adj./v-ed, 指代一类人) + n.(不可数) + v.(单数)

+ v.(复数)

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