2019年12月四级真题第二套

Part II

1.

A)The number of male nurses has gone down.

B)There is discrimination against male nurses.

C)There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.

D)The number of nurses has dropped to a record low. 2.

A)Working conditions.

B)Educational system.

C)Inadequate pay.

D)Cultural bias.

.

3.

A) He fell out of a lifeboat.

B) He was almost drowned.

C) He lost his way on a beach.

D) He enjoyed swimming in the sea.

4.

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the clock.

B) The beach is a good place to watch the tide.

C) The emergency services are efficient.

D) The beach is a popular tourist resort.

5.

)

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.

B) It broke into an office room.

C) It escaped from a local zoo.

D) It became an online star.

6.

A) Release it into the wild.

B) Return it to its owner.

C) Send it back to the zoo.

D) Give it a physical checkup.

7.

A)A raccoon can perform acts no human can.

^

B)A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.

C)The raccoon did something no politician could.

D)The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.

8.

A) She received a bonus unexpectedly.

B) She got a well-paying job in a bank.

C) She received her first monthly salary.

D) She got a pay raise for her performance.

A) Two decades ago.

B) Several years ago.

#

C) Just last month.

D) Right after graduation.

10.

A) He sent a small check to his parents.

B) He treated his parents to a nice meal.

C) He took a few of his friends to a gym.

D) He immediately deposited it in a bank.

11.

A) Join her colleagues for gym exercise.

B) Visit her former university campus.

C) Buy some professional clothes.

<

D) Budget her salary carefully.

12.

A) He has just too many things to attend to.

B) He has been overworked recently.

C) He has a difficult decision to make.

D) He has just quarreled with his girlfriend .

13.

A) Turn to his girlfriend for assistance.

B) Give priority to things more urgent.

C) Think twice before making the decision.

D) Seek advice from his family and advisor.

{

14.

A) His girlfriend does not support his decision.

B) He is not particularly keen on the job offered.

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral program.

D) His parents and advisor have different opinions.

15.

A)They need time to make preparations.

B)They haven’t started their careers yet.

C)They need to save enough money for it.

D)They haven’t won their parents’ approval.

16.

？

A)Expressing ideas and opinions freely.

B)Enriching social and intellectual lives.

C)Acquiring information and professional knowledge.

D)Using information to understand and solve problems.

A) Traveling to different places in the world.

B) Playing games that challenge one’s mind.

C) Improving mind-reading strategies.

D) Reading classic scientific literature.

18.

A) Participate in debates or discussions.

&

B) Expose themselves to different cultures.

C) Discard personal biases and prejudices.

D) Give others freedom to express themselves.

19.

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of humans.

B) The nature of relationships between dogs.

C) The reason a great many people love dogs.

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with humans

20.

A)They behave like other animals in many ways.

B)They have an unusual sense of responsibility.￥

C)They can respond to humans questions.

D)They can fall in love just like humans.

21.

A)They stay with one partner for life.

B)They have their own joys and sorrows.

C)They experience true romantic love.

D)They help humans in various ways.

22.

A) A rare animal.

B) A historical site.

C) A cow bone.

（

D) A precious stone.

23.

A) Dating it.

B) Preserving it.

C) Measuring it.

D) Identifying it.

24.

A) The channel needs to interview the boy.

B) The boy should have called an expert.

C) The boy’s family had acted correctly.

D) The site should have been protected.

，

A) Conduct a more detailed search.

B) Ask the university to reward Jude.

C) Search for similar fossils elsewhere.

D) Seek additional funds for the search.

@

Part III

Section A

Finally , some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get is the 26 B of a new study that looked at how respiratory viruses 27 L on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example—or one row in front of or behind that individual —had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28K chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented 29A information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30O to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.

Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting 31 C infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 E the risks of infection , the study team flew on 10 different 33 G in the . during the flu researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on 34D side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35H safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.

A)Accurate准确的

B)conclusion结局,结果

C)directly直接了当的

D)either两者之一的

E)evaluate评估

F)explorations探索

G)flights航班

H)]

I)largely在很大程度上

J)nearby附近

K)respond回应 response

L)slim纤细的，苗条的

M)spread传播

N)summit顶峰，峰会

O)vividly生动形象的

P)vulnerable脆弱的 be vulnerable to

…

Section B

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day

早餐真的是一天中最重要的一餐吗

[A] Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa doesn’t bring toys to misbehaving children”, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly , according to the British Dietetic Association, and around three-quarters of Americans.

[A]除了“胡萝卜给你夜视”和“圣诞老人不会给行为不端的孩子带来玩具”等古老的经典名言外，各地疲惫的父母们最熟悉的一句话是早餐是一天中最重要的一餐。根据英国饮食协会(British Diettic Association)的数据，我们中的许多人从小到大都认为不吃早餐是一个严重的错误，即使只有三分之二的英国成年人经常吃早餐，而大约四分之三的美国人也是如此。

#

[B] “The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,” explains diet specialist Sarah Elder. “Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the night.” But there’s widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot

in the hierarchy( ip) of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industry’s involvement in pro-breakfast research—and even one claim from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.

[B]饮食专家莎拉·埃尔德解释说：“人体整夜都要消耗大量的能量储备来生长和修复。”“吃一顿均衡的早餐有助于补充我们的能量，还能补充整晚消耗的蛋白质和钙。”但是，关于早餐

是否应该保持其在餐饮等级(IP)中的首位，人们普遍存在分歧。人们对谷类食品的含糖量和食品业参与支持早餐的研究表示担忧，甚至有一位学者声称早餐是“危险的”。

[C] What’s the reality Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal companies The most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why there’s a relationship between the two. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake and improve the quality of our diet—since breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and nutrients.

[C]现实是什么早餐是一天的必要开始，还是谷类食品公司的一种营销策略研究最多的早餐(和不吃早餐)是它与肥胖的联系。对于为什么两者之间存在联系，科学家们有不同的理论。美国的一项研究分析了5万人七年来的健康数据，研究人员发现，那些把早餐作为一天中最丰盛的一餐的人比那些午餐或晚餐吃得多的人更有可能身体质量指数(BMI)更低。研究人员认为，早餐有助于减少每天的卡路里摄入量，并提高我们饮食的质量-因为早餐食物通常含有更高的纤维和营养素。

[D] But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause—or if breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-weck weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories over the day, but half had breakfast, wh ile the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn’t breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.

[D]但与任何这类研究一样，目前还不清楚这是不是原因，或者不吃早餐的人一开始就更有可能超重。为了找出答案，研究人员设计了一项研究，52名肥胖女性参加了一个12周的减肥计划。所有人在一天中摄入的卡路里都是相同的，但一半人吃早餐，而另一半人没有。他们发现，导致参与者减肥的不是早餐本身，而是改变了他们的日常生活方式。

[E] If breakfast alone isn’t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast- skipping U Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because

breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. “There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes , but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,” she says.

[E]如果单靠早餐不能保证减肥，为什么肥胖和早餐之间存在联系阿伯丁大学(University Of Aberdeen)食欲研究教授亚历山德拉·约翰斯通(U Alexandra Johnstone)认为，这可能只是因为人们发现，不吃早餐的人对营养和健康的知识较少。她说：“有很多关于吃早餐和可能的健康结果之间关系的研究，但这可能是因为那些吃早餐的人选择习惯性地进行有益健康的行为，比如定期锻炼

和不吸烟。”

[F]A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is “limited evidence” supporting or refuting the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity.

[F]2016年，一项针对早餐与体重管理关系的10项研究的综述得出结论，支持或驳斥早餐影

响体重或食物摄入量的观点的证据“有限”，在早餐建议被用来帮助预防肥胖之前，还需要更多的证据。

[G]Researchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial

to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27%increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20%higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason may be break fast’s nutritional value—partly because cereal is

horrified( Wn20 = Jli‘i ) with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.

;

[G]萨里大学和阿伯丁大学的研究人员正在研究我们进食时间如何影响体重背后的机制，目前这项研究已经进行了一半。早期的研究结果表明，早餐吃得多对控制体重有好处。人们发现早餐影响的不仅仅是体重。不吃早餐与心脏病风险增加27%，男性患2型糖尿病风险增加21%，女性患2

型糖尿病风险增加20%相关。其中一个原因可能是早餐的营养价值--部分原因是谷类食品富含维生素。在一项关于英国1600名年轻人早餐习惯的研究中，研究人员发现，经常吃早餐的人纤维和微量营养素的摄入量更好。澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大和美国也有类似的发现。

[H]Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review’s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is “reasonable” evidence breakfast does improve concentration—there just needs to be more research. “Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,” she says. “And no studies found that eating breakfast was bad for concentration.”

[H]早餐还与改善大脑功能有关，包括注意力集中和语言使用。一项对54项研究的回顾发现，吃早餐可以改善记忆，尽管对其他大脑功能的影响尚不确定。然而，该综述的研究人员之一玛丽·贝丝·斯皮茨纳格尔(Mary Beth Spitznagel)表示，有“合理的”证据表明早餐确实能提高注意力--只是需要更多的研究。她说：“看一看测试注意力的研究，显示有益处的研究数量与发现没有益处的研究数量完全相同。”“而且没有研究发现吃早餐不利于集中注意力。”

[I] What’s most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of ‘adult’ breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.

[i]有些人认为，最重要的是我们早餐吃什么。根据澳大利亚联邦科学和工业研究组织的研究，高蛋白早餐被发现在减少一天晚些时候对食物和消费的渴望方面特别有效。虽然麦片仍然是英国和美国早餐消费者的最爱，但最近一项对“成人”早餐麦片含糖量的调查发现，有些麦片每部分的游离糖含量超过每日推荐量的四分之三，糖是麦片中第二或第三高的成分。

[J] But some research suggests if we’re going to eat sugary foods, it’s best to do it early. One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didn’t. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more—however, the study was unable to show the long- term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and conclude that the type of breakfast doesn’t matter as much as simply eating something.

[J]但是一些研究表明，如果我们要吃含糖的食物，最好是早点吃。一项研究招募了200名肥胖成年人参加为期16周的节食，其中一半人在早餐中添加甜点，另一半没有。添加甜点的人平均减掉了40磅--然而，这项研究无法显示长期影响。一项对54项研究的回顾发现，关于哪种早餐更健康，目前还没有达成共识，并得出结论，早餐类型并不像简单地吃东西那么重要。

[K] While there’s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we’re hungry. “Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,” Johnstone says. “Each body starts the day differently—and those individual differences need to be researched more closely,” Spitznagel says. “A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight

an d hunger levels,” says Elder. “Breakfast isn’t the only meal we should be getting right.”

[K]虽然没有确凿的证据表明我们到底应该吃什么，什么时候吃，但共识是，我们应该听从自己的身体，在饥饿的时候吃东西。约翰斯通说：“早餐对于那些醒来时感到饥饿的人来说是最重要的。”Spitznagel说：“每个人开始这一天的方式都不同，这些个体差异需要更仔细地研究。”

埃尔德说：“均衡的早餐真的很有帮助，但全天有规律的饮食更重要的是让血糖在一天中保持稳定，这有助于控制体重和饥饿水平。”“早餐不是我们应该做对的唯一一餐。”

36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and

37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food at

、

38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the

39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of

certain diseases in some

40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight

41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what to

42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat

43. More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food intakeF

44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher

nutritional intakeC

45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and

36.根据一位教授的说法，肥胖与缺乏基本的营养和健康意识有关。

37.一些科学家声称人们应该在早餐时食用正确的食物。

38.关于早餐是否是一天中最重要的一餐，意见不一。

@

39.在一些国家，人们发现不吃早餐与某些疾病的发病率有关。

40.研究人员发现，导致体重减轻的是饮食习惯的改变，而不是早餐本身。

41.为了保持健康，吃早餐比选择吃什么更重要。

42.人们普遍认为不吃早餐是错误的。

43.需要更多的研究来证明早餐与减肥或食物摄入量有关。

44.优先吃早餐的人往往卡路里较低，但营养摄入量较高。

45.许多研究表明，吃早餐有助于人们记忆和集中注意力。

Section C

Passage One

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisher—of any kind—in the world.

It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout

artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternative s替代品, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.

'

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to

students renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books—which has increased over 1, 000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example, over the centuries, they have simulated dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800 to the resent day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively. That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions. Today’s psychology texts,

for example, ask: “How much of your personality do you think you inherited” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land ”

Experts observe that “textbooks come in layers, something like an onion.” For an active learner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience: Readers proceed at their own “customize” their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting , Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over digital forms of books.

教科书代表着一个价值110亿美元的产业，高于2014年的80亿美元。教科书出版商皮尔逊是世界上最大的出版商。

制作一本新教科书大约要花费100万美元。一本新生教科书将有数十名撰稿人，从主题专家到平面和布局艺术家，再到专家评论员和课堂测试员。教科书出版商将教授、教师和学生联系起来，这是开放式电子教科书和开放式教育资源等替代方案根本无法做到的。这种联系不仅通过合作开发、审查和测试的方式实现，而且在教职员工定期决定来年教科书和课程的会议上也是如此。

诚然，教科书出版商最近报告了亏损，主要是由于学生租用或购买二手纸质教科书。但这可以归因于他们的图书成本过高-自1977年以来上涨了1000%以上。教科书行业的重组很可能是顺理成章的。但这并不意味着教科书本身的终结。

虽然它们可能没有iPad那么有活力，但教科书并不是被动的或没有生命的。例如，几个世纪以来，他们以多种方式模拟对话。从1800年到现在，教科书通过提出问题让学生归纳回答来做到这一点。这意味着学生们被要求利用他们的个人经验来提出一般问题的答案。例如，今天的心理学课本会问：“你认为你继承了多少人格”而物理学的人会说：“你怎么能预测你抛出的球会落在哪里呢”

专家观察到，“教科书是层次分明的，有点像洋葱。”对于一个积极的学习者来说，接触教科书可以是一种互动的体验：读者按照自己的节奏进行，他们通过参与不同的层次和联系来“定制”他们的书籍。高亮显示、便利贴、狗耳和其他技术允许学生进一步定制纸质书，而不是数字形式的书。

does the passage say about open educational resources

A)They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.

B)They don’t profit as much as traditional textbooks do.

~

C)They can’t connect professors and students as textbooks do.

D)They compete fiercely激烈的 for customers with textbook producers.

is the main cause of the publishers’ losses损失

A)Failure to meet student need.

B)Industry restructuring.

C) Emergence of e-books.

D) Falling sales.

does the textbook industry need to do

A)Reform its structures.

B) Cut its retail price s零售价.

C) Find replacements for printed textbooks.

/

D) Change its business strategy periodically定期地.

are students expected to do in the learning process

A)Think carefully before answering each question.

B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.

C) Answer questions using their personal experience.

D) Give answers showing their respective personality各自的个性.

do experts say about students using textbooks

A)They can digitalize数字化 the prints easily.

B)They can learn in an interactive way.

C)They can purchase customized versions定制的版本.

D) They can adapt改编 the material themselves.

"

46.这篇文章对开放教育资源有什么看法

a)他们对教学的贡献不亚于对学习的贡献

b)它们不像传统教科书那样受益

c)他们不能像教科书那样把教授和学生联系起来

d)他们与教科书生产商为争夺客户展开了激烈的竞争

47.出版商亏损的主要原因是什么

a)未能满足学生的需求

b)产业结构调整

c)电子书的出现

d)销售额下降

48.教科书产业需要做些什么

。

a)改革体制

b)降低零售价

c)寻找印刷教科书的替代品

d)定期改变经营策略

49.学生在学习过程中应该做些什么

a)在回答每个问题之前仔细考虑

b)根据自己的理解提出问题

c)根据他们的亲身经历回答问题

d)给出显示各自个性的答案

50.专家们对学生使用教科书有何看法

a)他们可以很容易地将指纹数字化

》

b)他们可以通过互动的方式学习

c)他们可以购买定制版本

d)他们可以自己改编材料

Passage Two

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them

into two distinct groups : one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food to make its energy. Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of a sca s/eg that’s truly half animal and half plant.It’s pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae on which it feeds.

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants that captures energy from sunlight , and hold these genes within their body. The term kleptoplasty

is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrients from sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be truly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like behaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able to create energy from sunlight.

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their future generations. Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, though they can’t generate energy from sunlight until they’ve eaten enough algae to steal the necessary genes, which they can’t yet produce on their own.

“There’s no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell,” says Sidney Pierce from the University of South Florida. “And yet here, they do. They allow the animal to rely on sunshine for its nutrition. So if something happens to their food source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to eat.”

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to nine months without having to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met by the genes that they’ve hijacked from the algae.

当我们想到动物和植物时，我们有一个相当好的方法将它们分为两个截然不同的群体：一个将阳光转化为能量，另一个必须吃食物来制造能量。嗯，随着发现了一种真正的半动物半植物的SCA，这些分界线就被打破了。令人难以置信的是，它是如何成功地劫持了它赖以生存的藻类的基

因。

这些鼻涕虫可以制造叶绿素，这是植物中的一种绿色色素，可以从阳光中获取能量，并将这些基因保存在它们的体内。“眼睑成形术”一词用来描述利用被劫持的基因从阳光中创造营养物质的做法。到目前为止，这种绿色的海獭是唯一已知的可以真正被认为是太阳能驱动的动物，尽管有些动物确实表现出了一些类似植物的行为。许多科学家已经研究了这种绿色的海獭，以证实它们实际上能够从阳光中产生能量。

"

事实上，这些鼻涕虫很好地利用了这种遗传物质，以至于它们把它传给了他们的后代。它们的幼崽保留了自己产生叶绿素的能力，尽管它们不能从阳光中产生能量，除非它们吃了足够的藻类来窃取必要的基因，而这些基因还不能自己产生。

南佛罗里达大学的西德尼·皮尔斯说：“来自海藻的基因根本不可能在动物细胞内发挥作用。”

“然而，在这里，他们做到了。它们允许这种动物依靠阳光获取营养。所以如果它们的食物来源出了什么问题，它们有办法在找到更多的藻类吃之前不饿死。“

海獭非常善于从太阳收集能量，它们可以在不吃任何食物的情况下活到9个月。它们从藻类中窃取的基因满足了它们所有的营养需求。

is the distinctive截然不同的 feature of a sea slug

A) It looks like both a plant and an animal.

B) It convert s变换，转换some sea animals into plants.

C) It lives half on animals and half on plants.

D) It gets energy from both food and sunlight.

enables the sea slug to live like a plant

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.

】

B) The mechanism机制by which it conserve s保存 energy.

C) The nutrient s营养的，滋养的it hijack s捕获，劫持 from other species.

D) The green pigment it inherit s继承，遗传 from its ancestors.

does the author say about baby sea slugs

A)They can live without sunlight for a long time.

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their birth.

C) They can survive without algae for quite some time.

D) They can produce chlorophyll on their own.

does Sidney Pierce say about genes from an alga

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea slug.

B) They can’t function unless exposed to sunlight.

》

C) They don’t usually function inside animal cells.

D) They can readily be converted to sea slug genes.

do we learn about sea slugs from the passage

A)They behave the way most plant species do.

B) They can survive for months without eating.

C) They will turn into plants when they mature成熟的.

D) They will starve to death饿死 without sunlight.

51.海獭的显著特征是什么

a)它看起来既像植物又像动物

b)它把一些海洋动物变成植物

c)它一半以动物为食，一半以植物为食

d)它从食物和阳光中获取能量

52.是什么使海獭能像植物一样生活

a)它从海洋植物藻类中捕获的基因

b)它节约能源的机制

c)它从其他物种劫持的营养物质

d)它从祖先那里继承的绿色色素

53.作者对幼小的海獭有什么看法

a)他们可以在没有阳光的情况下生活很长一段时间

b)它们一出生就能吸收阳光

c)它们可以在没有藻类的情况下存活相当长的一段时间

d)它们可以自己产生叶绿素

54.西德尼·皮尔斯对藻类基因有什么看法

a)它们是从动物身上偷来的，比如海獭

b)除非暴露在阳光下，否则它们不能发挥作用

c)它们通常在动物细胞内不起作用

d)它们可以很容易地转化为海獭基因

55.我们从这篇课文中学到了什么关于海獭的知识

a)它们的行为和大多数植物物种一样

b)它们可以在不进食的情况下存活数月

c)它们成熟后会变成植物

d)没有阳光，他们会饿死的

2016年12月大学英语四级真题第二套

2016年12月英语四级真题及答案详解和听力原文第二套 2016年12月英语四级真题第二套 Part I Writing (30minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes ) Section A Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard . 1. A) It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the rent. B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family. 2. A) A strike. B)A storm. C) A forest fire. D) A Terrorist attack. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard . 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department. B) They were trapped in an underground elevator. C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks. D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio. 4. A) They tried hard to repair the accident. B) They released the details of the accident. C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. D) They provided the miner with food and water. Question s 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard . 5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Redesign delivery routes. B) Improve its services. D) Close some of its post offices. 6. A) Shortening business hours. C) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays. B) Closing offices on holidays. D) Computerizing mail sorting processes. 7. A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs. C) Taxpayers will be very pleased. B) Many people will begin to complain. D) A lot of controversy will arise. Section B Directions： In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the

2017年12月英语四级真题及答案(卷三)

2017年12月英语四级真题 Part I Writing(25 minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A)Her friend Erika.C)Her grandfather. B)Her little brother.D)Her grandmother. 2.A)By taking pictures for passers-by.C)By selling lemonade and pictures. B)By working part time at a hospital.D)By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A)Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B)Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C)Providing clean energy to five million people. D)Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4.A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C)They are only about half an inch thick.

2019年6月份英语四级真题

英英英英英英 大学生英语四级真题 (共3套) 2018 年6 月英语四级真题一................................................................................................ .. 1 2018 年6 月英语四级真题二 (16) 2018 年6 月英语四级真题三 (31) 2018 年6 月英语四级真题（第1套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard. 1．A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter. B)A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife. C)A father's message for his daughter. D)The history of a century-old motel. 2.A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness. B)She wanted to honor her father's promise.

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题完整版(第一套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions I and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A)Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow. B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences. C)Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow. D) A wandering cow was captured by the police. 2.A) It was shot to death by a police officer. B)It found its way back to the park' s zoo. C)It became a great attraction for tourists. D)It was sent to the animal control department. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A) It is the largest of its kind. B)It is going to be expanded. C)It is displaying more fossil specimens. D)It is staring an online exhibition. 4.AJA collection of bird fossils from Australia. B)Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits. C)Some ancient wall paintings from Australia. D)Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5.A) Pick up trash. B)Amuse visitors. C)Deliver messages. D)Play with children. 6.A) They are especially intelligent. 8)They are children' s favorite. C They are quite easy to tame. D) They are clean and pretty. 7.A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. B)Children may be tempted to drop litter. C)Children may contract bird diseases.

2016年12月英语四级真题 (第2套)

2016年12月英语四级真题第二套 Part I Writing(30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) To replace two old stone bridge. B) To satisfy the curiosity of tourists. C) To enable tourists to visit Goat Island. D) To improve utility services in the state. 2. A) A few skeletons. B) Millions of coins on the bottom. C) Countless tree limbs. D) Lots of wrecked boats and ships. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) It suspended diplomatic relations with libya. B) It shut down two border crossings with Libya. C) It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately. D) It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State. 4. A) Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions. B) Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya. C) Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government. D) Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack. Questions 5 to 7 are b ased on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) A device to help plants absorb sunlight. B) An energy-saving mobile phone.

2019年英语四级真题(一)作文范文

It's such an excitement to hear that you are planning to come to China to teach English. In response to your inquiry concerning the city to choose ,I would like to recommend Beijing to you.Listed below are some details. There are three reasons why I recommend Beijing to you. First of all, Beijing, as the capital of China, has many famous universities and parents also attach great importance to their children's education.Therefore, there is a great demand for excellent foreign teachers. Secondly, Beijing has a large number of English-speaking people which can help you adapt to the new environment faster. What's more，Beijing has abundant educational resources，which means you will have many opportunities to learn the Chinese culture you are interested https://www.sodocs.net/doc/975789381.html,st but not least, Beijing is my hometown,if you come here, we can play together and eat a lot of delicious food. It has been two years since I saw you last time and I can't wait to see you. T aking all the factors into account,I believe that you will have a enjoyable time in Beijing.I f you have any questions I will spare no effort to help you.I am looking forward to your early reply.

2017年12月四级真题答案及解析(第一套完整版)

Part I Writing Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 题目解析： 一、审题：四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。 本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors and patients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors and patients）”。 二、谋篇：四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所 以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。 三、框架：全文分为三个段落。第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自 己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。 四、填充：具体的范文如下，仅做参考。 写作范文： On the Relationship between Doctors and Patients In the present age, it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles in our lives. As far as I am concerned, we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects, doctors and patients. The causes of this perspective are multiple. In the first place, the reason has been cited as a major reason that doctors cannot be understood, for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kinds of disease. This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazing rate, there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure. Furthermore, the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of the fundamental medical knowledge, which results in this relationship are worried. Plenty of evidence has shown that an increasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cure instantly. When it comes to our modern society, it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in a reasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives. Undoubtedly, if we spare no efforts to do so, our future will be hopeful and promising.

2016年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第二套

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套) (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to agraduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain thereasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A. To satisfy the curiosity of tourists. B. To replace two old stone bridges. C. To enable tourists to visit Goat Island. D. To improve utility services in the state. 2. A. Countless tree limbs. B. A few skeletons. C. Lots of wrecked boats and ships. D. Millions of coins on the bottom. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A. It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya. B. It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately. C. It shut down two border crossings with Libya. D. It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State. 4. A. Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions. B. Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack. C. Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government. D. Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A. An environment-friendly battery. B. An energy-saving mobile phone. C. A plant-powered mobile phone charger. D. A device to help plants absorb sunlight. 6. A. While sitting in their school's courtyard. B. While playing games on their phones. C. While solving a mathematical problem. D. While doing a chemical experiment. 7. A. It increases the applications of mobile phones.

2017年12月四级真题答案与详解(第一套)

(-) -----2017^12^*￥S?Egai^i4SiB￥Si^#)8 — (S B1*) -.U l Part I Writing w,^f f i*^?i'j“how”±f f i0i n#*M a n-K s y6W“=^”3f s^^#,s^n r i￥^o k , x w u m-w a m w,-m h^m wrn,w msj&o l jm nrnm _,;i i|i i-p s w i}|-|'iw* J1-5^S^ T-^^^WiSS7XtfcLii|j j||(etemal find universal) 1112. X^$S A W W,]￡^^&zP i￡ii^'fi$8j(depend more on what children do) .1. MM&infc A,o u t-d a t e d)invisible generation gap) _j2' down our Pace)> ' |awkward silence between parents and us) 13. ^g A l?l^^i3^'9:XSt(talk more with parents) H>J rE f3M&,:R^f(frequ en t c o m m u n i c a t i o n)6^^ % Communication Is the Best Gift for Parents C l) The relationship between parents and children is an eternal and universal topic for m ankind. Our relationship with parents might be different at different ages. ? And for young people at their 20s, I think it will depend more on what children do. ?The reason why I say so is that as we grow up, our parents who were our idols before gradually get old and even out-dated. @However hard efforts they make, they could not catch up with our steps, leading to the so-called invisible generation gap. ? Thus, if we cannot slow down our pace,there will definitely be an awkward ?As a result ft W g i b:￥ silence between parents and us,which is not rare now. ?As a result, young people should talk more with P i eternal TjcfSfft parents to share our feelings and to understand each universal other better. Everyone wants loving parents who are open and supportive. ?Only through frequent communication with them,can we establish such a harmonious idol M invisible J U M&J awkward supportive relationship.establish jjiY/l #r* n o *t—■+/L￡&}%-&, ^.i A^ J j 5c#^ ￡ & A￡ j f*.& f-?-f & ￡?L

2013年12月四级真题及答案(第2套)

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasing use of the mobile phone in people?s life and then explain the consequences of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part ⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) Go to a place he has visited.C) Consult a travel agent. B) Make her own arrangements.D) Join in a package tour. 2. A) They are on a long trip by car.C) They are used to getting up early. B) They are stuck in a traffic jam.D) They are tired of eating out at night. 3. A) He is a person difficult to deal with.C) He is unwilling to speak in public. B) He dislikes any formal gathering.D) He often keeps a distance from others. 4. A) Work in another department.C) Recruit graduate students. B) Pursue further education.D) Take an administrative job. 5. A) He would not be available to start the job in time. B) He is not quite qualified for the art director position. C) He would like to leave some more time for himself. D) He will get his application letter ready before May 1.

2019年12月英语四级听力真题原文【完整版】

2019年12月英语四级听力真题原文【完整版】 News 1 A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019。 If successful， the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network。 The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth。 The network is part of a mission to the moon。 This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon。 The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019。 Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon。 The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network。 This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases。 This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon‘s surface Question 1：What are scientists planning to do? Question 2：Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission? News 2 It‘s responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood。 The fire was reported at 9：26 pm at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St。 Mary’s Church。 Six fire engines， two trucks and two chiefs