当前位置：搜档网 › 丰田普锐斯用户手册PriusUserGuide

丰田普锐斯用户手册PriusUserGuide

DRIVING (2)

Just Drive It ! ............................. 2 Modes ......................................... 2 Eco-Meter .................................. 4 Energy Monitor .......................... 6 Consumption .............................. 8 Efficiency ................................. 10 Trip Info ................................... 11 Battery Info .............................. 12 Brake Assist ............................. 13 Tire Pressure ............................ 13 BUTTONS .. (14)

Steering-Wheel ........................ 14 Voice ........................................ 16 Cruise ....................................... 16 Dimmer .................................... 16 Timer (PHV) ............................ 17 Cabin Air ................................. 17 Window Defog ......................... 18 Fan Options .............................. 18 Other Buttons ........................... 20 HELPFUL TIPS .. (21)

Fuel Door ................................. 21 Rear Hatch . (21)

Grille Blocking ........................ 22 OTHER . (23)

External Cargo ......................... 23 Security .................................... 25 EDUCATION (26)

Real-World Data ...................... 26 Operational Info ....................... 26 GLOSSARY .. (29)

Disclaimer:

All the information stated in this document was provided by Prius owners. None were affiliated with Toyota Motor Corporation, except as customers.

This document is not sanctioned by Toyota Motor Corporation or any of its affiliates.

The ideas, suggestions, and opinions offered in this document have not been endorsed by the manufacturer of those specific components or Toyota Motor Corporation.

Any harm or damage that may result from the application of or the following of any ideas, suggestions, or opinions contained in this document is the sole responsibility of the individual that applied or followed said ideas, suggestions or opinions.

The authors of this document hereby declare that they cannot and will not be held liable, in any fashion, for the content or the use of this document.

Toyota Prius User-Guide

Second Edition for the 2010-2012 models

DRIVING

Just Drive It !

Vital Info The “Just Drive It” advice still remains good advice. Misconceptions about the technology have

been dispelled over the years. Yet, some new owners are compelled to drive differently, assuming

that will result in higher efficiency. In reality, there’s nothing special you actually need to do.

Just drive it as you would any other vehicle. The system is designed to operate in the most

efficient manner automatically. Enjoy the smooth & quiet operation.

Modes

Choices

There are actually 4 available. 3 are activated by pressing the button provided for it. The 4th is the

“Normal” mode; it is automatically active when none of the other 3 modes are selected.

EV comes in handy when you need more power at slow speeds but would like the engine to remain

off. ECO provides greater play with the accelerator pedal, as well as altering the A/C and Heater

thresholds for more efficient operation. PWR allows you to take advantage of the power the

system offers.

Don’t mistake the buttons for traditional low-gear or over-drive options. The selection choice is

there for you to optimize efficiency and specify pedal preference. Performance itself is not altered.

Choices (PHV)

Similar to the regular model Prius, the PHV offers 4 operational modes. ECO, PWR, and Normal

work the same. The button unique button is for switching between HV and EV modes.

EV allows you to drive up to 62 mph (100 km/h) using only electricity, without the gas engine in

motion. HV is the option available to preserve that EV for use later, since you may want to save

electricity while on the highway for city driving afterward. EV is available for faster speeds, but

the engine will run in conjunction with the electric motor then, delivering very high MPG as a

result. This automatic mode is referred to as EV-BOOST.

ECO Mode

This indicator illuminates when the ECO MODE button is pressed.

Vehicle efficiency is directly affected by outside temperature. In both extreme hot and extreme cold driving conditions, you’ll benefit from using this mode. It instructs the hybrid system to operate the A/C in a manner which uses less electricity than normal, when it’s hot. When it’s cold, the window defroster will operate like the A/C and the heater will allow the engine to shut of sooner.

Vehicle efficiency is also affected by how you drive. This mode increases the sensitivity of the accelerator-pedal, allowing easier control for opportunities when you wish to adjust acceleration rate.

PWR Mode

This indicator illuminates when the PWR MODE button is pressed.

When power is needed quickly, using this mode can be beneficial. It prevents the engine from shutting off as soon as it normally would to provide maximum acceleration without delay.

Vehicle efficiency is reduced when using this mode, even if you don’t take advantage of the rapid power it can offer. The accelerator-pedal sensitivity is decreased and initial thrust from the electric-motor is noticeably more responsive. So, feel free to indulge at times. The hybrid system will still deliver impressive MPG even in this mode.

EV Mode

This indicator illuminates when the EV button is pressed.

This mode allows the electric-motor to provide additional thrust without the gas-engine starting. On the Eco-Meter, you’ll see the energy usage exceed the usual GREEN zone threshold, allowing engine-off (zero RPM) driving in both the WHITE and RED zones.

The catch is the emissions system must be hot (at least 155°F, 68°C) and speed cannot exceed 24 MPH (39 km/h). If either of the criteria is not met, the EV mode will disengage but the engine may still remain motionless (often referred to as “Stealth ” mode).

EV Mode (PHV)

The PHV model provides a different indicator above the speedometer to inform when EV MODE is engaged. It will illuminate whenever that mode is selected, even if the engine running for warm-up. Use the indicator above the Eco-Meter to inform you when the gas engine is actually off.

The temperature threshold for EV MODE is different in the PHV than the regular model Prius. 130°F (54°C) is what the coolant needed to be warmed to before the engine will shut off, once started for the first time. EV is default, allowing you to run without the engine until it is needed for extra power or for heating the cabin.

EV Boost (PHV)

When the PHV mode Prius is still in EV mode, but speed of travel exceeds 62 mph (100 km/h), the battery-pack will continue to supply electricity at the more ample rate. You’ll see dramatically higher MPG as a result. When you only have a short distance to travel, this may be a better use of the electricity than switching to HV mode. The toggle button provides the option to choose.

Normal When no other indicators lights are illuminated, this is the mode Prius is in.

Use this mode for the most average driving experience. All hybrid features will operate within the

regular tolerances, providing a nice balance of power & efficiency.

Eco-Meter

The “Hybrid System Indicator”, commonly referred to as the Eco-Meter, provides an assortment of information for the driver. This is the source of detailed data not available from the classic “Energy Monitor”, making it the preferred choice after becoming accustomed to how the hybrid system operates. The energy-bar displayed in the center points out the amount energy being consumed & captured in addition to indicating the engine-on threshold.

Green

The first zone is that green area illuminated in the photo of the energy-bar above. It identifies the

most efficient vehicle operation. Up to the center dividing line, the engine will remain off. For the

mode referred to as “Stealth”, driving up to 46 MPH using only electricity indicated by that green.

White

The second zone is the white area which follows the green. This indicates when additional power

is being consumed. When EV mode is active, this illustrates the amount electricity being drawn.

When beyond the EV mode (24 MPH) or “Stealth” mode (46 MPH) thresholds, this illustrates the

amount of thrust contributed by the gas engine.

Red

The third zone is the red area. It indicates when high power demand is requested. This specific

zone should be used only briefly, to avoid inefficient driving. To make status easier to notice, like

during hard acceleration, the ECO symbol above the energy-bar disappears with red is active.

Charge

When electricity is being captured by regenerative braking, the energy-bar will indicate it by

illuminating the area with the CHG label. Status will move to the left to illustrate an energy gain,

rather than to the right to illustrate energy consumption. The most efficient braking is when the

indicator is kept within that zone; exceeding it means some energy is lost by the friction brakes.

HV Mode

Introduced with the 2012 models of Prius is the “HV” indicator. This is that car-shaped symbol

which tells you when in the engine has shut off. When it is only an outline (no EV inside), that

means you are driving in HV mode. This stands for “hybrid vehicle”, when both engine & motor

are contributing to propulsion needs.

EV Indicator

Introduced with the 2012 models of Prius is the “EV” indicator. This is when that car-shaped

symbol is filled with “EV” inside. This informs you when the gas engine has stopped. In other

words, it tells you when you are driving with the engine at 0 RPM. This is the mode commonly

referred to as “Stealth”, since you are still in HV but propulsion is currently electric-only.

EV Mode (PHV)

Exclusive to the PHV model, there’s a new indicator. This is a larger version of the EV symbol.

When illuminated, it informs you that driving is in full EV mode and will remain that way until

hard acceleration occurs or speed exceeds 62 mph (100 km/h).

EV Boost (PHV)

When traveling at speeds faster than 62 mph (100 km/h) in the PHV while in EV mode, the larger

version of the EV symbol will become just an empty outline. This informs you that electricity is

being drawn from the battery-pack at a much faster rate than HV mode to provide much higher

efficiency. It also tells you that EV will automatically resume when the vehicles slows down.

EV Warm-Up (PHV)

At any time while in EV mode, the gas engine may start up. This can happen when accelerating

hard, more heat from the coolant is needed to warm the cabin, or simply when warmth is needed for

the emission-system. Like with EV-BOOST, electricity continues to be drawn from the battery-

pack at the faster rate and the gas engine will shut off as soon as it is no longer needed. The symbol

will change from that empty online back to EV when warm-up is complete.

Energy Monitor

This screen available on the Multi-Information Display is an educational tool for new owners. It provides real-time information about what the hybrid system is doing while you drive. Seeing the variety & frequency of gas engine, electric motor, and battery interactions is a very effective way of understanding how the system achieves such high efficiency.

Stealth Mode

The mode, also known as “Battery Drive”, is when all thrust is provided by the electric motor and

all power is provided by the battery-pack.

Regeneration

Charge

As you approach a stop or just slow down, the excess kinetic energy is used to turn the generator.

This creates electricity, which is used to charge the battery-pack.

Engine & Motor

Drive

There are times when the battery-pack isn't needed, the engine will directly provide electricity for

the motor.

Engine Drive +

Charge

The engine provides thrust for the wheels along with electricity for charging the battery-pack.

Engine & Motor

Drive + Charge

The engine provides thrust to the wheels as well as electricity for both feeding the motor and

charging the battery-pack, all at the same time.

Full Power or

Gradual Slowing

Both rapid acceleration and moderate deceleration take full advantage of the hybrid system to

achieve maximum efficiency.

Startup Charge or

Engine Heat

When you first startup a Prius, you will typically see this before shifting into drive or reverse. It

also occurs when additional heat is needed.

EV Distance (PHV)

The PHV model Prius provides EV distance information on the screen. The contents of the battery appear solid when an ample supply of electricity is still available. That solid will change to bars when electricity drops to the normal level for HV operation.

Charging (PHV)

If you press the power button on the PHV model Prius while it is plugged in and charging, this screen will be displayed. It tells you how much time is required to complete and at what rate the power is being drawn from the plug.

Consumption

Seeing the effect recent driving had on efficiency during that specific moment can be quite informative. Two different versions of the consumption are provided for this. They both indicate the MPG during the time-span illustrated and how much (if any) regenerative electricity was recaptured by the braking system. (Note that electricity generated directly by the gas engine is not included.)

1 min

This consumption information screen displays the most recent 15 minutes of travel since the hybrid system was restarted. Each bar indicates a 1-minute span of time.

5 min

This consumption information screen displays the most recent 30 minutes of travel since the hybrid system was restarted. Each bar indicates a 5-minute span of time.

History

Rather than displaying information based upon time, there is an additional consumption screen which provides summaries between resets based upon distance. It also numerically shows the best MPG among individual drives.

Two different sets of data can be stored, using the “A ” and “B ” trip-meters. A suggested use for getting the most information from the feature is resetting the start of each morning and each time you refill the tank.

History (PHV)

The passage of time is more pronounced with the PHV model, making the benefit of month rather than an arbitrary reset of a trip meter quite obvious after you’ve driven one for a while. This is the display screen provide for that purpose.

Driving Ratio (PHV)

An especially new educational display screen for the PHV model is this EV DRIVING RATIO. There are two resettable meters available. But provide EV and HV summaries. The information gives you an idea of how much benefit you are directly getting from the plug, displacing gallons of gas with electricity.

Efficiency

Having immediate feedback about the results of system operation as it happens is quite empowering. You develop an appreciation for how the design responds to the complexities of real-world driving conditions. It influences your choices about driving. The following are examples of what you’ll find most informative.

Stealth Mode

Whether or not your Prius has a plug, you’ll often drive in “Stealth ” mode. This is when the gas engine shuts off (stops moving) and travel continues along using only the electric motor, even though you are not driving in EV mode. That “EV” symbol indicates that status. This automatic feature of the hybrid system takes advantage of efficiency opportunities. There’s nothing you need to do to optimize it. In fact, prolonging the engine from starting back up again may lower overall MPG. It’s there as a reminder of how Prius efficiency is achieved.

Distance (PHV)

Distance of travel has always been an efficiency influence easily overlooked. The introduction of the ability to use plug-supplied electricity makes the topic even more eluding. On the Eco-Meter and Consumption screens, you’ll see TRIP-A and TRIP-B values for MILES and MPG. When trips are really short or really long, you’ll notice a significant efficiency different from trips medium in length. Don’t let that bother you. Remember, you’re still getting a benefit from the electricity regardless of how it’s used. That MPG value clearly shows it.

Trip Info

At the bottom of many of the Multi-Information Display screens, there are numeric values indicating accumulated status of driving results since the previous reset and last refill. This is also how the vehicle distance odometer value can be seen.

Trip

There are two storage meters available, trip “A” and “B”. Each accumulates separate results.

Drivers find this handy for tracking a variety of conditions. You can reset whenever you want…

each trip, when the tank is refilled, or just leave it to collect up to 10,000 miles of data.

Miles

This indicates how many miles the data represents. It changes back to zero, along with the other

values displayed, when the TRIP button on the steering-wheel is reset (holding it continuously

for 3 seconds).

MPG

This value indicates the total consumption of gas by the engine since the previous reset. It is an

overall average representing MPG (miles-per-gallon).

Average

An important aspect of efficiency usually overlooked is the average speed of travel. The hybrid

system continues to operate even if the vehicle is not moving. The resulting amount of gas &

electricity consumed can be misrepresented by just the distance in miles alone. This value also

takes time into account. The MPH (miles-per-hour) value will drop as you sit in daily stop & slow

commute traffic or wait for a light to turn green. It is an overall calculation of the entire duration

the hybrid system was active, to give you a better idea of how overall driving is influenced.

Empty

Distance to empty information is also available. This is the third option, following “A” and “B”.

The value shown is an estimate of the miles you can continue to travel, based upon current tank

efficiency, before you’ll need to refill.

Battery Info

Level

The SOC (state-of-charge) level of the battery-pack is indicated by this illustration on the Multi-Information Display. Only the usable capacity is shown. So even when no bars are visible, there is still electricity available. When all 8 bars are filled, the battery-pack isn’t completely full.

6 bars is the most common level. Drivers won’t often see the top two filled. Seeing less than the bottom doesn’t often happen either. The hybrid system attempts to keep the SOC within those 4 middle bars for maximum longevity of the battery-pack.

Empty

Empty is no reason to panic, though new owners sometimes do when the SOC level gets down to just 1 bar. The engine will simply start up to replenish the electricity supply. There is no need to alter the way you drive while that occurs.

Remember, that’s actually about 40 percent of the battery-pack SOC remaining, even when only 1 bar is showing.

Recharging (PHV)

Within the charge-port area on the outside of the Prius is this indicator.

If the timer is set, it will immediately illuminate to confirm connection to the charger is complete then shut off shortly afterward. Later when the timer starts charging, this symbol will illuminate again.

If the timer is not set, this symbol will immediately illuminate to confirm connection to the charger and remain that way until charging has completed.

Full (PHV)

When there is an ample supply of electricity available, the symbol for the battery on the various display screens will appear solid like this. As the supply lowers, this image of the battery will too.

Below the image of the battery is a rough estimate of the EV distance available stated in terms of miles. Remember, this number will drop faster when acceleration is needed and slower when very little power is needed.

Also, the numeric value is based upon recent travel. If you travel long distances with few opportunities to recharge, the miles represented will be lower. If you travel short distance recharging frequently, the miles represented will be higher. It’s only an estimate using observation, which will vary over time, not an indicator of actual battery capacity.

Low (PHV)

As the supply of electricity reaches the depletion point at which EV will switch over to HV driving, the solid interior of the battery image will change to bars. This is done as a visual convenience; otherwise, all you’d ever see following depletion would be an empty battery.

The value will up and down as you continue to drive in HV mode. Sometimes, there will be enough electricity regenerated to change the battery image back to solid. This is normal expected operation.

Brake Assist

Rollback

Preventing vehicle rollback when starting from a start on a hill is very easy with a Prius. It offers a “brake assist” feature.

Press very hard on the brake pedal for about 2 seconds. That symbol to the left will illuminate, informing you that the vehicle will remain in place for a few seconds while you shift your foot from the brake to the accelerator. When acceleration begins, the brake will automatically release.

Tire Pressure

Warning

Low tire pressure is very dangerous, so much so that a federal mandate was issued for all automakers to provide a warning to indicate when the PSI has dropped 25 percent below the recommended minimum.

35 PSI front and 33 PSI rear is the recommended minimum by Toyota.

44 PSI front and 42 PSI rear is what owners wanting higher efficiency and longer treadlife use.

BUTTONS

Steering-Wheel

Right Cluster

On the right side of the steering-wheel, there is a cluster of 5 multi-use buttons available. Using each is just a matter of pushing one with your thumb. Note that the orientation of the buttons changed from side-side to up-down with the 2012 models.

Climate-Control adjustments and options for the Multi-Information Display screens are what this cluster offers.

Trip

Use this button to alternate trip information between “A” and “B” and Distance-To-Empty.

Disp

Use this button to choose a screen on the Multi-Information Display next to the speedometer.

Lower

For a lower climate-control temperature, push this button.

Continuing to hold this button will cause the temperature to decrease until you release.

Higher

For a higher climate-control temperature, push this button.

Continuing to hold this button will cause the temperature to increase until

you release.

Recirculate

The benefit of this button often misunderstood. When recirculate is active, fresh air from outside is not used. Instead, the interior air is continuously passed through the heating or cooling system. Doing this allows quicker cabin comfort, but will eventually led to a humidity build up since your own breath contributes moisture to the air. So, limit the use of this feature.

This button makes it convenient to toggle recirculate on & off.

Left Cluster

On the left side of the steering-wheel, there is a cluster of 5 multi-use buttons available. Using each is just a matter of pushing one with your thumb. Note that the orientation of the buttons changed from side-side to up-down with the 2012 models.

Audio-System selections are what this cluster offers.

Reduce

Use this button to reduce the volume of the audio-system.

Increase

Use this button to increase the volume of the audio-system.

To select the previous audio-track or radio-channel, push this button.

Holding this button down for a moment will cause the multi-CD player to switch to the previous disc.

To select the next audio-track or radio-channel, push this button.

Holding this button down for a moment will cause the multi-CD player to

switch to the next disc.

Mode

To change among the audio-system choices (AM, FM, SAT, CD, AUX), use this button.

Pressing this button when the audio-system is off will cause it to turn on.

Holding this button when the audio-system is on will cause it to turn off.

Voice

Navigation

Commands issued verbally to the navigation system start by pressing this button.

Phone

When a cell-phone is connected via bluetooth, the sides of this rocker-switch can be used to answer a call and hang-up afterward.

Pushing the BOTTOM will make the phone dial-pad appear on the Multi-Information Display.

Pushing the TOP will return the Multi-Information Display to the screen it was on prior to the phone call.

Cruise

Radar

For models of Prius equipped with dynamic cruise-control, this is the button to adjust the detection-distance for the radar system.

Pushing it repeatedly will toggle you through the distances available, which will be illustrated on the Multi-Information Display.

Dimmer

Brightness

This button (actually an adjustment knob) allows you to dim or brighten the speedometer cluster. Rotating it all the way is how you switch between day & night mode.

It’s location is low on the dashboard, to the left of the steering-wheel.

Timer (PHV)

Start

Unique to the PHV model is the timer button. Pressing this displays the screen for scheduling a

delayed charge start. You can do this at any time, including after having pressed the power button

to shut off the Prius.

Using this button allows you to take advantage of lower electricity rates during off-peak hours. It’s

also beneficial for battery longevity to wait before charging again. Delaying recharge to let the

battery cool down after use is called a “cold soak”. The timer button makes this easy.

There are 2 timer options available. The photo shown above is the START option; charging will

start at the time specified. There is also an END option; charging will start 3 hours prior to that

time specified.

Cabin Air

Recirculate

Pressing the LEFT side of this rocker-switch causes the air-conditioning system to circulate inside

air throughout the passenger-cabin. This is handy for retaining hot or cold air, but will also retain

moisture from your breathing which will eventually cause the windows to fog.

When using the toggle button on the steering-wheel, the indicator light will alter accordingly.

Outside

Pressing the RIGHT side of this rocker-switch causes the air-conditioning system to draw fresh air

from outside to circulate throughout the passenger-cabin. Use this mode to avoid window fogging.

When using the toggle button on the steering-wheel, the indicator light will alter accordingly.

Window Defog

Front

When the FRONT window becomes fogged and the regular blower is not enough to clear it, press this button. All air-conditioning blowing will be forced through the window-vents for maximum effectiveness.

This feature is commonly referred to as the “defroster”.

Rear

When the REAR windows become fogged, push this button to activate the electric warmer (those metal wires attached to the glass) to clear them. This will also melt any snow that has accumulated on the outside of the winter.

This feature is commonly referred to as the “rear defroster”.

Fan Options

Mode

To adjust the fan speed, use this rocker-switch to make it faster or slower.

Also, pressing either side of this when the blower fan off will turn it on.

Blower

This illuminated display shows what speed the blower fan is set to.

Note that in some circumstances heating can be more effective if the speed isn’t maximum, since slower air passing through the

heater-core can transfer more warmth.

Mode

To shift among the 4 fan options available, use this button.

For easy adjusting, keep in mind that there are 4 to choose from. Remembering that allows you toggle without the need to look at the display to confirm the choice. This comes in handy when swapping the “Window + Upper” and “Lower + Upper”, a common need during the winter. Just press MODE twice.

Window + Lower

For a normal level of window clearing and air blowing out the vents at your feet, use this mode.

Lower

For air blowing only out the vents at your feet, use this mode.

The vents for this are located at the base of the dashboard for the front seats and underneath the front seats for those sitting in back.

Upper + Lower

For air blowing out both the vents at your feet and the vents at chest level, use this mode.

Upper

For air blowing only out the vents at chest level, use this mode.

Other Buttons

Reminder Reset

To reset this reminder on the Multi-Information Display, do the following after you have finished adding the oil and carefully removed the vehicle stand & jack or ramps:

1) With the hybrid system power on, switch to trip-meter to display "TRIP A ".

2) Power OFF the hybrid system.

3) Power ON, while holding the SPEED button (shown above) between "km/h " and "MPH "

4) The following will be your confirmation that reset has begun, continue holding.

5) When the reset is complete, release the button.

Speed

Pressing this button toggles the speedometer value between km/h and MPH .

Holding this button, while the odometer distance is showing, will reset the “MANT REQ'D ” reminder.

Time

When you need to set the time on the clock, use these buttons.

These same buttons are how you adjust the time for the timer in the PHV model.

Speed (PHV)

Press this to toggle the numeric speed value displayed on the speedometer between km/h and MPH.

The size & location of this button changed for the PHV model. Where it had been is now the location of the TIMER button. This new button is low on the dashboard, to the left of the steering-wheel.

丰田Mirai结构图及技术参数

丰田Mirai结构图：详解燃料电池技术2014-11-27 09:29:49来源：电动邦我要分享QQ空间新浪微博腾讯微博微信评论投稿订阅导读：在不到一年前，丰田就放出豪言说已经在燃料电池领域取得了技术突破，可以使车用燃料电池的成本从100万美元降到5万美元，降幅高达95%！不到一年，丰田便用Mirai兑现了豪言。 OFweek新能源汽车网讯：不加油、不充电、不排放尾气，唯一排放的废物是纯净水！会有这样的车存在吗答案是肯定的！丰田Mirai就是这样一辆车。那么这一切都是如何实现的呢丰田Mirai燃料电池汽车前不久丰田正式发售了燃料电池汽车Mirai（译名：未来），直接与纯电动车进行竞争。“燃料电池”这四个字想必大家或多或少都听说过，因为这是全世界科学家研究了数十年的技术，始终没有取得重大的技术突破，至少是没有谁能够拿得出成本适合消费级市场的成熟技术。而在不到一年前，丰田就放出豪言说已经在燃料电池领域取得了技术突破，可以使车用燃料电池的成本从100万美元降到5万美元，降幅高达95%！不到一年，丰田便用Mirai兑现了豪言。虽然目前Mirai的价格约合38万人民币，但要知道这是首次投放市场的量产燃料电池车。

丰田Mirai核心结构注释宇宙黑科技的由来丰田Mirai的结构与传统的汽油车或者纯电动车都不一样，如果硬要找出一个类似的结构，可能丰田最畅销的普锐斯跟Mirai会有着一点点相似的结构吧。Mirai的动力系统被称作TFSC（Toyota FC Stack），即丰田燃料电池堆栈，是以燃料电池堆栈为核心组件的混合动力系统。TFSC没有传统的汽油发动机，也没有变速器，发动机舱内部是电动机和电动机的控制单元。

丰田发动机系列和参数

丰田车系 5A-FE 直列四缸1.5L 16气门DOHC 威驰 68/6000 124/3200 8A-FE 直列四缸1.3L 16气门DOHC 威驰 64/6000 110/3200 丰田5A FE发动机目前国内天津一汽04年至05年 1ZZ-FE 直列四缸1.8L 16气门DOHC、DIS（含铅汽油）花冠 94/6000 162/4400 3ZZ-FE 直列四缸1.6L 16气门DOHC、VVT-i、DIS（无铅汽油） 81/6000 146/4400 1NZ-FE 直列四缸1.5L 16气门DOHC、VVT-i、DIS（无铅汽油）威驰花冠 2NZ-FE 直列四缸1.3L 16气门DOHC、DIS（含铅汽油）威驰花冠 1MZ-FE V型6缸 3.0L 24气门 DOHC， 188/5200 203/4400 佳美94年后 1AZ-FE 直列四缸2.0L 16气门 DOHC、VVT-i、DIS、ETCS-I 凯美瑞、RAV4 108/6000 190/6000 2AZ-FE 直列四缸2.4L 16气门 DOHC、VVT-i、DIS、ETCS-I 凯美瑞大霸王RAV4 123/6000 224/4000 2TR-FE 直列4缸 2.7L 双凸轮轴16气门（VVT-i）霸道、海狮 1GR-FE V型六缸 4.0L 霸道、兰德酷路泽（第七代陆地巡洋舰） 2GR-FE V型六缸 3.5L 24气门DOHC、双VVT-i、DIS、ACIS、ETCS-i 新款凯美瑞 204/6200 346/4700/ 3GR-FE V型六缸 3.0L 24气门DOHC、双VVT-i、DIS 2005款皇冠、锐志 170/6200 300/4400 5GR-FE V型六缸 2.5L 24气门DOHC、双VVT-i、DIS 锐志 145/6200 242/4400 1FZ-FE 直列六缸4.5L 陆地巡洋舰（第六代） 2UZ-FE V型八缸 4.7L 兰德酷路泽（第七代陆地巡洋舰）

丰田普锐斯基本参数

丰田普锐斯当前，新一代PRIUS普锐斯已经成为领导新时代潮流的混合动力轿车的典范。据统计：PRIUS普锐斯在全球范围内已累计销售超过40万辆。在2004年获得北美年度车之后，PRIUS普锐斯又凭借科技环保主题以绝对优势荣膺"2005欧洲年度车"，并一举夺得"2005北京-乌兰巴托汽车拉力省油挑战赛大基本信息品牌丰田普锐斯制动方式四轮碟刹生产厂商一汽丰田车身重量1345 千克参考价格27.98 万元轴距2700 毫米车型尺寸 4.450 米1.725米1.510米油耗4.7 升/ 百公里油箱容积45 升引擎类型直列4缸/双顶置凸轮轴标准座位数5个最高时速170km/h 驱动方式前轮驱动普锐斯基本参数基本参数普锐斯1.5织物座椅普锐斯1.5真皮导航版版车型名称：普锐斯1.5织物座椅版普锐斯1.5真皮导航版厂商指导价 (元)： 25.98 万27.98 万品牌：一汽丰田一汽丰田级别：紧凑型车紧凑型车发动机： 1.5L 77 马力L4 1.5L 77 马力L4 变速箱：7挡CVT自动7挡CVT自动长X宽X高 (mm)： 4450*1725*15104450*1725*1510 车体结构：5门5座掀背车5门5座掀背车

推出年份 20052006

最高车速（km/h ）: 官方0-100加速（s ）: 官方100-0制动（m ）：官方综合路况油耗（L ）：本站实测 0-100加速（s ）: 本站实测 100-0制动（m ）: 本站实测油耗（L ）: 整车质保： 4.7 4.7 车身长度（mm : 宽度（mm : 高度（ mm : 轴距（mrj ）: 9.66 43.1 四年或普锐斯版 4450 1725 1510 2700 10万公里 1.5 织物座椅前轮距（mrj ）: 1510 后轮距（mm : 1480 最小离地间隙（mr ）：车重（Kg ）: 车身结构：四年或普锐斯版 4450 1725 1510 2700 1510 1480 10万公里 1.5真皮导航 160 160 1345 掀背车车门数（个） : 5 座位数（个）：5 油箱容积（L ）: 45 行李箱容积（L ）: - 1350 掀背车 5 5 45 发动机普锐斯版 1.5 织物座椅普锐斯版 1.5真皮导航汽缸容积（cc ）: 排量（L ）: 工作方式： 1497 1497 1.5 自然吸气 1.5 自然吸气

(整理)丰田普锐斯电机及驱动控制系统解析.

丰田普锐斯电机及驱动控制系统解析作为全球最成功的环保车型，丰田普锐斯（PRIUS）早已成为油电混合动力车型中的全球销量冠军，即使在我们的身边，也经常可以见到它们的身影。目前，在国内生产的丰田普锐斯（PRIUS）是采用丰田第二代混合动力系统，集发动机和电动机组合而成的并行混合动力车（图1）。丰田第二代混合动力系统(THS-Ⅱ)，可以根据车辆行驶状态，灵活地使用2 种动力源，并且弥补2种动力源之间不足之处，从而降低燃油消耗，减少有害气体排放，发挥车辆的最大动力。由于其THS-Ⅱ电机及驱动系统结构复杂，技术先进，本文将为大家详细介绍该系统的结构及基本原理，以帮助读者更进一步了解THS-Ⅱ系统。一、THS-Ⅱ电机及驱动控制系统的特点 1.在电动机和发电机之间采用AC500V高压电路传输，可以极大地降低动力传输中电能损耗，高效地传输动力。 2.采用大功率电机输出，提高电机的利用率。当发动机工作效率低时，此系统可以将发动机停机，车辆依靠电机动力行驶。 3.极大地增加了减速和制动过程中的能量回收，提高能量的利用率。二、THS-Ⅱ电机及驱动系统基本组成 1.HV蓄电池：由168个单格镍氢电瓶（1.2V×6个电瓶×28个模块）组成，额定电压DC20 1.6V，安装在车辆后备厢内。在车辆起步、加速和上坡时，HV蓄电池将电能提供给驱动电机。 2.混合动力变速驱动桥：混合动力变速驱动桥由发电机MG1、驱动电机MG2和行星齿轮组成（图2）。

3.变频器：由增压转换器、逆变整流器、直流转换器、空调变频器组成。（1）增压转换器：将HV蓄电池DC201.6V电压增压到DC500V（反之从DC500V降压到DC201.6V）。（2）逆变整流器：将DC500V转换成AC500V，给电动机MG2供电。反之将AC500V 转换成DC500V，经降压后，给HV蓄电池充电。（3）直流转换器：将HV蓄电池DC201.6V降为DC12V，为车身电器供电，同时为备用蓄电池充电。（4）空调变频器：将HV蓄电池DC201.6V转换成AC201.6V交流电为空调系统中电动变频压缩机供电。 4.HV控制ECU采用32位计算机，接收来自传感器和ECU（发动机ECU、HV蓄电池ECU、制动防滑控制ECU、电动转向ECU）信息。根据此信息，计算车辆所需的扭矩和功率，将计算结果发送给发动机ECU，变频器总成，蓄电池ECU和制动防滑控制ECU。三、THS-Ⅱ系统电机（MG1、MG2）工作原理交流伺服驱动系统中，应用的交流永磁驱动电机有两大类。一类称为无刷直流同步电动机（BDCM），另一类称为三相永磁同步电动机（PMSM），THS-Ⅱ系统的电机（MG1、MG2）属于BDCM类型的驱动电机。 BDCM用装有永磁体转子代替了有刷直流电动机的定子磁极。有刷直流电动机依靠机械换向器，将直流电流转换成近似梯形波的交流电流。而BDCM是将逆变器产生的方波交流电流直接输入电机定子绕组，省去了机械换向器和电刷。BDCM定子绕组中通

丰田发动机系列及其参数

丰田车系 5A-FE 直列四缸 1.5L 16 气门DOHC 威驰9.8 68/6000 124/3200 8A-FE 直列四缸 1.3L 16 气门DOHC 威驰9.3 64/6000 110/3200 丰田5A FE 发动机目前国内天津一汽04 年至05 年 1ZZ-FE 直列四缸1.8L 16 气门DOHC 、DIS （含铅汽油）花冠9.5 94/6000 162/4400 3ZZ-FE 直列四缸1.6L 16 气门DOHC 、VVT-i 、DIS （无铅汽油） 10.5 81/6000 146/4400 1NZ-FE 直列四缸1.5L 16 气门DOHC 、VVT-i 、DIS （无铅汽油）威驰花冠 2NZ-FE 直列四缸1.3L 16 气门DOHC 、DIS （含铅汽油）威驰花冠 1MZ-FE V 型 6 缸 3.0L 24 气门DOHC，10.5 188/5200 203/4400 佳美94 年后 1AZ-FE 直列四缸 2.0L 16 气门DOHC、VVT-i 、DIS、ETCS-I 凯美瑞、RAV4 9.8 108/6000 190/6000 2AZ-FE 直列四缸 2.4L 16 气门DOHC、VVT-i 、DIS、ETCS-I 凯美瑞大霸王RAV4 9.8 123/6000 224/4000 2TR-FE 直列 4 缸 2.7L 双凸轮轴16气门（VVT-i ）霸道、海狮1GR-FE V 型六缸 4.0L 霸道、兰德酷路泽（第七代陆地巡洋舰） 2GR-FE V 型六缸 3.5L 24 气门DOHC 、双VVT-i 、D IS、ACIS 、ETCS-i 新款凯美瑞10.8 204/6200 346/4700/ 3GR-FE V 型六缸 3.0L 24 气门DOHC 、双VVT-i 、D IS 2005 款皇冠、锐志10.5 170/6200 300/4400 5GR-FE V 型六缸 2.5L 24 气门DOHC 、双VVT-i 、D IS 锐志10.0 145/6200 242/4400 1FZ-FE 直列六缸4.5L 陆地巡洋舰（第六代） 2UZ-FE V 型八缸 4.7L 兰德酷路泽（第七代陆地巡洋舰）

丰田普瑞斯技术特点

车型介绍新款普锐斯Prius除了拥有新一代丰田混合动力系统THS II 特有的“平滑而强劲的动力性能”和“世界顶级的环保性能”外，还拥有前卫的造型、舒适的操控性能、以及电子排档、带湿度感应器的电动变频自动空调等引人注目的卓越功能和先进装备。外观造型简约的双层高亮度LED头灯，拥有高质感的透光镜面，在拓宽照射面积的同时，更展示出PRIUS普锐斯独到的前瞻设计。反射式LED刹车灯、晶钻式转向灯、醒目的倒车灯等形成了璀璨的组合式尾灯，布局合理、时尚，成为PRIUS普锐斯尾部造型中最亮眼的风景。内饰 DVD语音电子导航系统可为您提供最佳路线，安心可靠的语音导航和一目了然的路线显示将送您顺利到达目的地。导航系统也会通过清晰的语音提示来指引方向，开拓更宽广的视野，大大增加了驾驶乐趣。触摸式EMV多功能信息显示屏通过7英寸的触摸式超宽显示屏，不仅可呈现能量监视画面和油耗画面，还能操作空调、音响等多项配备。世界首次运用在电动车以外的车型。即使发动机处于停止状态，空调依旧可以继续工作。智能钥匙携带智能钥匙靠近车门，车内照明将自动开启，轻拉车门，车锁随即打开，进入车内和启动汽车都无需插入钥匙。携带智能钥匙进入车内，无需插入，只要脚踏制动踏板、按下启动按键，即可启动汽车。电子换档杆新概念的智能电子换档系统令换档更为轻松自如：换档杆位于方向盘右侧，驾驶者不用转移视线，仅通过手的操作就能轻松换档，随后，换档杆自动归位。方向盘把手采用氨基甲酸乙酯材质。比之普通方向盘，上下直径略有缩小，轮廓近乎椭圆形，令操控的舒适性大为提升，同时也提高了仪表盘的可视性。中控方向盘

中控台经过了重新设计，科技感上比老款车型强太多了，而且质感做工依旧到位，轻而易举超越同价位的欧系品牌。但是材质上还是表现出了普锐斯的定位，无论是中控台、方向盘中央还是手套箱内部，都是全硬的塑料，日系厂商确实是使用低成本材料打造高档视觉效果的能手。关于节能，更是深有体会。平时出席的活动大多都是在北京每天交通最拥堵的那个时候，几乎是几步就一停。而PRIUS遇到交通拥堵的路况时，它的发动机在低速行驶、等待交通灯的时候都会自动关闭，变成为电瓶充电，停车时动力系统也照样保持静止，没有能量消耗，也没有噪音产生。且即便是燃油消耗光了，按方向盘左下角的EV，蓄电池还能再坚持开1Km左右。曾经特别留意，即便是持续几个小时的开开停停，显示屏上的瞬时油耗一直显示为零。真可谓是节油先锋的典范人物。说到再切身的感受，近距离接触驾驶舱，觉得车内的布局非常舒服，驾驶舱的空间很大，开车的时候腿有可以伸展的地方。据说是因为丰田把他们一向擅长的空间变幻术引入PRIUS，所以有这么多样的置物空间，适合平常放各种小东西。车后排的座椅向前放倒，可以与行李舱拼成一个很大的平面，最起码能躺下两个中等身材的成年人！躺在上面从顶部的后窗望出去，若碰巧是个晴朗的晚上，确实是件很惬意的事情。最好玩儿的就是它的操控台，感觉非常像某种游戏操控的界面。它拥有我所见过的功能最多的方向盘；有据说是从索尼PS2游戏机手柄得到灵感的变速杆；还有充满乐趣的显示屏，在行驶过程中不断显示动力变化情况，滑行或者刹车状态显示内容都不一样。操控的人性化诸且不提，单是这样有情趣的设计就让简单机械的开车动作增加了不少游戏的味道。很早就听说过听说PRIUS的设计是汽油发动机与电动机的最佳组合，所以对于这款“智能”新坐骑的超大功效就一直非常期待。果然，发动车子的时候，因为靠起动电瓶实现无燃油消耗，完全听不到起动电机和发动机的轰鸣，也感觉不到以往习惯的发动机振动。低速行驶时非常安静，直到超过每小时30km以上，汽油发动机才会开始工作，过弯时车身稳定轻巧，可谓是行云流水，自在悠然。 PRIUS的环保，节能等等设计理念符合大众的需要，潮流的走向，它的品质很实在，一定会受到爱车族的青睐。车辆特点简洁明快的前卫设计，营造赋予运动感觉的感性造型。全车长×宽×高为4450mm×1725 mm×1510 mm，从前端、到车顶、到尾部的一体化线条俊朗流畅，与亮丽的前翼子板一起构成了充满感性的空气动力学造型。具有引导气流和缩小前端阴影作用的独创性车顶设计与富有张力感的侧面车窗三维曲面设计，使气流更顺、空气动力性更高。功能革新所带来的前卫的显示效果及操控感觉与通用设计的理念水乳交融。在优雅高尚的空间里，更赋予了功能性与实用性的内涵。仪表盘系统通过采用电子控制技术对操作系统和显示系统的功能进行了革新，达到了全新前卫的设计效果。主要显示系统都安置与便于目视的原视点位置，而操作系统则都集中在手边，从而大大缩小了实现和焦点的移动范围，在保证安全的同时，实现了人性化通用设计的人机界面。创新设计的宽体是中央仪表采用功能性布局，充分考虑了各类信息的种类和优先顺序。速度表采用虚像式的原视点显示，而当前的档位在屏幕中央以大号字符显示。此外，还设置了上下两层的大型杂物和与黑色表面的中央储物盒等方便易用的储物空间。量产车中普锐斯首次采用电动变频自动空调，最新的DVD语音导航系统和JBL高级音响系统。

普锐斯案例分析答案.docx

普锐斯：引领混合动力车的潮流 1．什么微观因素影响丰田普锐斯的推出和销售？丰田对这些因素的处理怎么样？ 1）目标市场：丰田公司在推出普锐斯前很好的锁定了消费者市场，预期混合动力车的首批购买者是“技术人员”和早期采用者（很喜欢尝试新鲜事物的人）。并且做出很大的宣传力度，在《新闻周刊》和《名利场》上刊登印刷广告，在电视上做广告，如发现频道、历史频道、学习频道和MSNBC。 2）营销中介：丰田2002年花费1500万进行宣传。《新闻周刊》、《名利场》等杂志都刊登了普锐斯的广告；另外，经销商介入，经过特殊培训的销售人员进行介绍和促销。 3）竞争者：通过快速抢占市场，用4年时间占据了技术爱好者和早期体验者市场。 4）公众：主要为媒介公众和一般大众，在地球日送出丰田标志形状的绿色车模给潜在的购买者。 2．概述影响丰田推出和销售的主要宏观环境因素——人口统计学、经济、自然、技术、政治和文化等方面的。丰田是如何处理这些因素的？ 1）人口统计：生育高峰的一代是美国目前的主要市场，这一代人的子女都已长大并离巢，因此他们能有更多的钱用来购买汽车，而不会对高价格敏感。同时，这一代人也是兴趣广泛并乐于尝试新事物的人，这些特征暗示着他们非常有可能购买普锐斯这种混合动力车。普锐斯对年轻的一代也非常有吸引力，但是由于经济上的原因，他们很少能买得起。 2）经济：由于普锐斯的价格相对较高，因此丰田力图寻求减税政策来降低滞销的威胁。实际上，普锐斯的定价是遵从市场价格的，它并不是一款奢侈车型。作为第一个引进混合动力车的公司，其产品的价格较高是必然现象。当这一车型销售看好时，势必会导致供给的增加，而这又会促使价格下降。这是市场作用的结果。同时，油价的上涨也促使一部分消费者转而购买小型的混合动力车以节约开支。这些因素使得对普锐斯的需求有一定程度的上涨。 3）自然：国际社会普遍开始关注自然环境，强调节约能源，美国也受到影响。而普锐斯对环保的诉求也使它对自然环境产生了一些影响，例如减少了大气污染，减少了能源消耗等。 4）技术：技术是普锐斯的首要优势。丰田利用“技术”这一项在市场上占据了优势并吸引到了技术爱好者作为其目标顾客。这也在一定程度上支撑了日本汽车技术领先的优势。同时，混合动力车这一技术的引入也相应的带动了节能低价电池技术的开发和运用。案例中同样提及了在第二代普锐斯上的技术改进，而这些在第一代车型上是没有的。 5）政治：很显然丰田考虑到了政治因素。丰田认识到美国政府会在排放和里程标准上非常严格，因此设计了有利于环境保护和减少排放的车。这种车型没有理由不受到欢迎，并得到了联邦政府对本款车的优惠政策。 6）文化：在美国市场上文化因素主要表现在：美国人非常喜欢汽车；愿意采用新技术；关心环境问题；对原有涨价强烈抵制等。所有这些特征都有利于普锐斯走向市场。 3．评价丰田目前的营销策略。哪些方面丰田做得好？它能怎样改善它的战略？做得好的方面： 1）准确地选择目标市场。丰田公司成功地识别并选择了美国的技术爱好者和早期体验者市场。这都是基于丰田对其市场的仔细地、彻底地和精确地分析。

丰田普锐斯历程

丰田普锐斯发展历程丰田普锐斯简介 ? 目录 ? 丰田普锐斯简介 ? 开发 ? 1997–2001 (NHW10) ? 2001–2003 (NHW11) ? 2004–2009 (NHW20) ? 2009– (ZVW30) ? 车型对比丰田普锐斯（Toyota Prius ）是日本汽车制造商丰田旗下的一款全混合动力电动中型车。美国环保署（EPA ）的数据显示，普锐斯是目前美国市场燃油效率最高的汽车。EPA 和加州空气资源委员会（CARB ）在烟雾和有毒废气排放标准的基础上都将普锐斯评为美国市场最清洁的汽车。普锐斯于1997年开始在日本发售，是第一辆大规模量产的混合动力汽车。2001年开始抢占世界市场，在全球超过40个国家和地区发售，其中最大的就是日本和美国市场。2008年5月，普锐斯的全球累计销量达到里程碑式的100万辆，2010年初更是达到了160万辆。其中美国市场就占据了一半的数据，截至2009年12月在美国共售出814,173辆。开发 1992年1月16日，丰田汽车公司发布了《地球宪章》，这是一个阐述丰田开发和销售低排放汽车的目标的文件。 1993年9月，丰田研发中心的执行副总裁Yoshirio Kimbara 成立了G21团队来研发新世纪的汽车。1994年2月1日，G21计划小组第一次正式会议举行。该团队决定G21的目标就是创造一辆既对资源和环境友好又保留了现代汽车精华的汽车。开发工作由Takehisa Yaegashi 主持，负责制造一辆可以弥合电动车和汽油动力车之间的差距的汽车。 1995-1996（原型） 1994年底，G21团队设计出一款混动动力概念车，并在次年的东京车展中将其推出。该车被命名为“Prius 普锐斯”，在拉丁语中意为“prior （优先）"或里程（之前）"。1996年底，这辆概念车开始了试驾历程。丰田普锐斯制造商丰田出产年份 1997至今级别混动动力车布局 FF 布局 1996 普锐斯原型

丰田Prius技术详解

主要规格表尺寸及质量全长mm 4,450 全宽mm 1,725 全高mm 1,510 轴距mm 2,700 轮距（前/后）mm 1,510/1,480 最小离地间隙（空载）mm 160 最小转弯半径m 5.1 整备质量kg 1,345 满载质量kg 1,745 轮胎规格195/60R15 发动机型号1NZ-FXE 型式4缸直列顶置双凸轮轴电喷16气门（VVT-i）排气量cc 1,497 最大功率kW/rpm 57/5000 最大扭矩Nm/rpm 115/4000 缸径 * 行程mm/mm Φ75.0*84.7 压缩比13.0 最高车速km/h 165 燃油供给装置EFI(电子控制式燃料喷射装置) 变速箱型式电子控制式无级变速油箱容积L 45 百公里耗油（综合工况法）L/100km 4.7 电动机 66``l 型式同步交流电动机（永磁型）最大功率kW/rpm 50/1200-1540 最大扭矩Nm/rpm 400/0-1200 混合动力车专用蓄电池型式密封Ni-MH（镍氢电池）模块数量28 容量Ah 6.5/3h 制动、悬架、驱动方式制动系统(前/后) 通风盘式/实体盘式悬架系统前麦弗逊式悬架悬架系统后摇曳臂式悬架驱动方式前轮驱动车身整体铸造

1.5升VVT-i发动机高膨胀比循环和智能正时可变气门系统VVT-i保持在最佳状态，减弱了摩擦带来的能量损失，进而实现了优异的动力性能和高效的能源利用率。 TOYOTA 油电混合动力系统中安装的发动机与以往机型相比，具有低油耗，高输出的特性。＜高膨胀比循环＞ 1NZ-FXE应用了高膨胀比循环的代表性系统“艾金森循环”，是追求高效率的1.5L发动机。缩小燃烧室容积，以提高膨胀比（＊1)，即等待爆发压力在充分降低后才进行排气，由此充分利用爆发能量。膨胀比：(膨胀行程容积+燃烧室容积)/燃烧室容积＜高旋转化＞将发动机的最高转数升至5000r.p.m，提高了输出功率。在减少摩擦损失的同时提高了最高转数，所以既加大了加速时的驱动力，又实现了低油耗。 ?运转部件的重量更轻。 ?活塞环的张力更小。 ?气门弹簧的反弹力更小。＜采用VVT-i＊3＞采用VVT-i＊3，可根据行驶状况细微地调节进气阀的工作时间。可在各种旋转带进行高效燃烧，为提高输出功率，降低油耗作出贡献。动力控制单元(变压器、转换器、交直变换升压电路系统) 通过可变电压控制系统，最高电压可提高到500V，同时对HV蓄电池的直流电流和驱动电动机、发电机的交流电流进行最佳控制，并实现能量电路的小型化。无级变速系统(动力分离装置、发电机、电动机和发动机组合) 通过无阶段地改变发动机转数、发电机及电动机转数实现加速、减速和后退。滚珠轴承等部件的合理化配置使摩擦消耗大大降低。高功率HV蓄电池安装在TOYOTA 油电混合动力系统上的高输出镍氢蓄电池具有高输入输出密度(每重量的输出)和重量轻、寿命长等特点。无需利用外界电源进行充电，也无需定期交换。镍氢电池将内部的电流通路分为两条，以降低HV蓄电池内部的电阻，实现了高性能和轻量化。全新设计了以往的电极材料及单电池(一个HV蓄电池)之间的连接结构，减少了HV蓄电池的内部电阻，因此安装在Prius普锐斯上的电池单元实现了约540W/kg的输入输出密度，居世界最高水平。另外，还使用车辆加速时的放电、减速时的再生制动器、以及用发动机行驶时产生的剩余能量来进行充电，从而累积充电放电电流，使充电状态保持稳定。不会出现放电过多或多余充电等现象，使用寿命非常长。

丰田普锐斯

现实版进化论三代普锐斯混动技术革新解析网易汽车王云龙2012-02-17阅读次数：164 从1997年开始，丰田普锐斯就成为市场上最具竞争力的混合动力车型，而全新一代的丰田普锐斯也准备好迎接新一阶段的挑战——重回中国市场。作为一个在世界上超过70个国家都有售的量产版混合动力车型，超过200万辆的累计销量也证明了其市场认可度，虽然上一代普锐斯也在国内小批量销售过，但是销量确实不值一提，而今中国市场对于节能高效且技术成熟的混合动力车型的渴望，推动着更适合中国国情的第三代普锐斯重返中国。那么对于这样一款我们消费者既熟悉又陌生的车型来说，新一代普锐斯有着哪些技术革新呢?我们从长计议。作为石油能源100%需要进口的岛国日本来说，汽车工业的发达与能源供应的紧缺始终不相称，作为传统能源到新能源之间的过渡产品，混合动力车型能够实现投入产出比的最大化，因此也是日系车企所最推崇的形式之一。日本最大的汽车企业丰田在1997年首次推出混合动力产品——代号XW10的第一代普锐斯，第一代普锐斯由于处于技术商品化验证阶段，因此最先仅供应日本本土市场，当时的车型配备了1.5 L 1NZ-FXE四缸发动机，采用了13.5：1的超高压缩比，最大功率却只有58马力，峰值扭矩102牛米;与传统动力配合的是288V的镍氢电池，电池比容量只有初级的600W/kg。电动机具有40马力的功率和305牛米的扭矩，使用行星齿轮组机构最为变速器。第一代普锐斯(XW10) 在2000年的时候，验证基本结束后第一代普锐斯进行了小幅技术升级，并全面推向以欧洲、美国为主导的国际市场，为了适合美国地广人稀车速高的特点，动力被着重提升。相同型号的发动机加入了VVT-i可变气门正时，同时适当缩小压缩比为13. 0：1，使得其最大功率上升到70马力，扭矩提高到110牛米;混动部分也有所调整，电池电压降低为273.6V，比容量却增长为

丰田普锐斯用户手册PriusUserGuide

DRIVING (2) Just Drive It ! ............................. 2 Modes ......................................... 2 Eco-Meter .................................. 4 Energy Monitor .......................... 6 Consumption .............................. 8 Efficiency ................................. 10 Trip Info ................................... 11 Battery Info .............................. 12 Brake Assist ............................. 13 Tire Pressure ............................ 13 BUTTONS .. (14) Steering-Wheel ........................ 14 Voice ........................................ 16 Cruise ....................................... 16 Dimmer .................................... 16 Timer (PHV) ............................ 17 Cabin Air ................................. 17 Window Defog ......................... 18 Fan Options .............................. 18 Other Buttons ........................... 20 HELPFUL TIPS .. (21) Fuel Door ................................. 21 Rear Hatch . (21) Grille Blocking ........................ 22 OTHER . (23) External Cargo ......................... 23 Security .................................... 25 EDUCATION (26) Real-World Data ...................... 26 Operational Info ....................... 26 GLOSSARY .. (29) Disclaimer: All the information stated in this document was provided by Prius owners. None were affiliated with Toyota Motor Corporation, except as customers. This document is not sanctioned by Toyota Motor Corporation or any of its affiliates. The ideas, suggestions, and opinions offered in this document have not been endorsed by the manufacturer of those specific components or Toyota Motor Corporation. Any harm or damage that may result from the application of or the following of any ideas, suggestions, or opinions contained in this document is the sole responsibility of the individual that applied or followed said ideas, suggestions or opinions. The authors of this document hereby declare that they cannot and will not be held liable, in any fashion, for the content or the use of this document. Toyota Prius User-Guide Second Edition for the 2010-2012 models

丰田发动机系列及参数

. 丰田车系 5A-FE 直列四缸1.5L 16气门DOHC 威驰9.8 68/6000 124/3200 8A-FE 直列四缸1.3L 16气门DOHC 威驰9.3 64/6000 110/3200 年年至05丰田5A FE发动机目前国内天津一汽041ZZ-FE 直列四缸1.8L 16气门DOHC、DIS（含铅汽油）花冠9.5 94/6000 162/4400 3ZZ-FE 直列四缸1.6L 16气门DOHC、VVT-i、DIS（无铅汽油）10.5 81/6000 146/4400 1NZ-FE 直列四缸1.5L 16气门DOHC、VVT-i、DIS（无铅汽油）威驰花冠 2NZ-FE 直列四缸1.3L 16气门DOHC、DIS（含铅汽油）威驰花冠 1MZ-FE V型6缸3.0L 24气门DOHC，10.5 188/5200 203/4400 佳美94年后 1AZ-FE 直列四缸2.0L 16气门DOHC、VVT-i、DIS、ETCS-I 凯美瑞、 RAV4 9.8 108/6000 190/6000 2AZ-FE 直列四缸2.4L 16气门DOHC、VVT-i、DIS、ETCS-I 凯美瑞大霸王 RAV4 9.8 123/6000 224/4000 2TR-FE 直列4缸 2.7L 双凸轮轴16气门（VVT-i）霸道、海狮 1GR-FE V型六缸4.0L 霸道、兰德酷路泽（第七代陆地巡洋舰） 2GR-FE V型六缸3.5L 24气门DOHC、双VVT-i、DIS、ACIS、ETCS-i 新款凯美瑞10.8 204/6200 346/4700/ 3GR-FE V型六缸3.0L 24气门DOHC、双VVT-i、DIS 2005款皇冠、锐志10.5 170/6200 300/4400 5GR-FE V型六缸2.5L 24气门DOHC、双VVT-i、DIS 锐志10.0 145/6200 242/4400 1FZ-FE 直列六缸4.5L 陆地巡洋舰（第六代）2UZ-FE V 型八缸 4.7L 兰德酷路泽（第七代陆地巡洋舰） ;. .

丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车介绍

丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车介绍 1 概述丰田混合动力汽车简介PRILS是日本丰田汽车于1997年所推出世界上第一个大规模生产的混合动力车辆车款，随后在2001年销往全世界40多个国家和地区，其最大的市场是日本和北美。美国是普锐斯最大的市场，至2009年年初为止，美国丰田总共卖了超过60万量，普锐斯是．目前为止世界上最成熟的油电混合动力轿车之一。据美国环境保护署2007年的资料，普锐斯是在美国销售的汽车中最省油的。美国环境保护署和加州空气资源委员会根据二氧化碳排放量评价普锐斯是美国目前为止最干净的车辆。英国运输部公布普锐斯是在英国销售的车辆中最少二氧化碳排放的第二名。第一代普锐斯如图1所示，于1997年12月出厂，型号为NHW 10。厂方只在日本内销，但是很多二手的普锐斯被出口

到英国、澳大利亚和新西兰，市场上见到的不多。此款车型为世界上第一辆大规模量产的汽油电动混合动力车。第一代普锐斯的生产成本高达32000美元，但是售价只为16929美元，也就是每辆NHW10都是亏本出售。但这辆车意义重大：作为丰田推行减少空气污染和提高燃油效率的绿色汽车的探路者。此款车型定位于紧凑型。尺寸方面，长宽高分别为4275 mm、1694 mm、1491 mm，轴距为2550 mm。动力方面，搭载一台L汽油发动机、永磁交流电动机和288伏镍金属氢化物电池组。汽油发动机提供的最大功率为58马力，最大扭矩为102 N·m。电动马达的峰值功率和扭矩分别为40马力和305 N·m。2005年12月丰田汽车公司生产的普锐斯在长春下线，普锐斯混合动力先后经历了THS和THS-11两代系统，普锐斯的混合动力标识如图2所示。丰田混合动力系统车辆可汽油发动机来驱动，而无需对车辆进行充电。如果车

丰田普锐斯Prius混合动力车

果内首款昏合动力轿车———普锐斯（PRIUS）2005年12月5日在长春一汽丰田合资工厂下线，此次国产1.5L排量普锐斯有织物座椅版和真皮座椅版两款，售价分别为28.8万元和30.2万元，2006年1月15日正式上市。普锐斯在世界各地的价格对比：普锐斯高定价主要是因为国产化率低、政府没有补贴、产量小。据了解，目前普锐斯的国产化率只有3.4%，只有风挡玻璃和轮毂是国产的。根据目前国家的相关政策，像普锐斯这样用进口大件组装生产的整车，国家将按照整车来收税，这成为普锐斯价高的重要原因。另外，在日本、美国针对普锐斯这样的环保车，政府有一定的补贴，如普锐斯在美国的售价比同级车大概高了20％，但可获得美国联邦税务局税收减免2000美元的补贴，在日本，政府将补贴普锐斯高出其同级别车部分的四分之一。普锐斯是世界首款批量生产的、也是目前为止世界上最成熟的混合动力轿车。 1997年12月第一代丰田Prius投放市场，它是一种5座小型轿车。 2000年第二代丰田Prius推出，被美国“汽车工程国际”杂志评为“2001年世界设计最佳轿车”。

内部机械构造蓄电池氯氢化金属最大功率25千瓦额定电压274伏特蓄电池放在后排座与行李箱之间，通过把内部电流通路分为两处降低内电阻，实现了高性能和轻量化。当电量降低时，即使车辆处于停驶状态，发动机仍然驱动发电机给蓄电池充电，因此不需要外接电源充电。首次采用的无级变速系统通过无阶段地改变发动机转速、发电机及交流永磁式电动机转数（与车速成正比）来实现加速、减速和后退；通过采用了滚珠轴承和低摩擦机油，将摩擦消耗降低了30%左右。

发动机横向直列4缸16气门双顶置凸轮轴VVT-i电喷汽油机排量 1496毫升缸径×行程75.0×84.7（毫米）压缩比 13.0:1 发动机以1NZ—FXE为基础，采用混联的混合动力系统模式，高膨胀比循环和智能正时可变气门系统达到最佳，这样减小了摩擦带来的能量损失，提高了动力性能、燃油经济性，排放也达到了欧Ⅳ标准。动力控制单元通过采用可变电压系统，实现了最大500V的高电压，对蓄电池的直流电与驱动电动机和发电机的交流电进行最佳控制，使驱动电路被统一，实现能量电路小型化。

丰田普锐斯介绍

丰田PRIUS自动传动系统分析摘要：混合动力汽车传动系统的建模是混合动力汽车传动系统能量控制策略开发、仿真和优化的基础。对比分析了三代丰田PRIUS混合动力传动系统的结构和基本工作原理，建立了传动系统发动机、动力分离装置和电动/发电机等各子系统模型，基于统一的动力传动系统结构建立了丰田PRIUS混合动力传动系统的运动学、动力学和能量守恒模型。关键词：混合动力汽车；建模；传动系统；行星齿轮 Abstract: It is basic and essential work to establish the system model for the development, simulation and optimization of powertrain and energy management of the hybrid electric vehicle. The powertrain architecture is analyzed for understanding the basic principle and difference among hybrid powertrain system of the three generations of Toyota/PRIUS. The powertrain, power split mechanism, motor/generator and traction battery model are constructed. Model of kinematics, dynamics and conservation law of the Toyota/PRIUS hybrid electric vehical powertrain system are constructed based on a uniform powerstrain architecture. Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicle; Modeling; Powerstrain system; Planetary gear; 1. 汽车变速系统综述汽车变速器是影响整车动力性、经济性和舒适性的重要汽车零部件总成，是汽车的核心零部件之一。自动变速器因其良好的舒适性与经济性已逐步得到了消费者的喜爱，在我国装载自动变速器的乘用车比例在不断增多。而自动变速器也有多种形式，AT、AMT、CVT等都是比较常见的自动变速器形式。我国从“九五”阶段开始将汽车自动变速器作为汽车产业的重点突破方向，至目前，国内已有奇瑞、吉利、上汽等整车企业掌握了自动变速器的核心技术，开始进行产业化阶段。主要汽车变速器简介： AT自动变速箱是由液力变扭器、行星齿轮和液压操纵系统组成，通过液力传递和齿轮组合的方式来达到变速变矩。 AMT变速箱，是在通常的手动变速箱和离合器上配备一套电子控制的液压操纵系统，以达到自动切换档位的目的机构。AMT汽车驾驶简单，驾驶者则只需要踩油门，由AMT系统会自动地选择换挡的最佳时机，从而消除了发动机、离合器和变速箱的错误使用，避免换错挡。 CVT无级变速器是采用传动带和工作直径可变的主、从动轮相配合传递动力。可以使传动系与发动机工况实现最佳匹配。发动机输出轴输出的动力首先传递到CVT的主动轮，然后通过V型传动带传递到从动轮，最后经减速器、差速器传递给车轮来驱动汽车。 DCT双离合自动变速器有一个由两组离合器片集合而成的双离合器装置，由电子控制及液压装置同时控制两组离合器及齿轮组的动作。与传统的手动变速器相比，DSG使用更方便，DCT的新技术的应用使得手动变速器具备自动性能，同时大大改善了汽车的燃油经济性，DCT比手动变速器换挡更快速、顺畅，动力输出不间断。从全球乘用车市场看，采用液力自动变速器的乘用车占据相当高的比例，几乎所有乘用车型均提供自动变速器和手动变速器的选装配置，而在大部分高档豪华车型上只提供自动变速器。在一些汽车发达国家自动变速器的乘用车已占主流地位。在世界不同国家和地区，自动变速乘用车的市场占有率有很大差别。这和各国自然地理条件、道路状况、交通法规、人均收入水平、用户购买心理等有很大关系。近年来，自动变速器（AT）在北美市场，AT和CVT（无级变速器）在日本市场，手动变速器在欧洲市场分别占据主导地位。几年前开始出现双离合器变速器（DCT），这将在一定程度上改变现有的市场格局。而未来几年，全球的乘用车变速器市场的竞争将在AT、CVT和DCT之间激烈展开。目前，在国内AT是最受欢迎的，因其结构简单、生产工艺也不复杂，是自动变速器中技术最为成熟的一种，而且我国现有的手动变速器生产线等能力都能够被有效的利用。但是A T自动变速器使用的液力变矩器会提高车辆10%左右的油耗。和当今节能环保的发展趋势相背。所以，普遍认AT在一定时期内仍然是自动变速器的主流，但长期来看的话会被其他自动变速器所取代。AMT变速箱在三类新型自动变速箱中，技术难度相对较低，但是存在换挡动力中断等影响驾驶舒适性的问题。DCT则是目前国内最受关注也是大家最为看好的，DCT变速器能满足消费者对驾驶运动感和车辆节油的双重要求。相比较目前中国市

丰田普锐斯用户手册PriusUserGuide

丰田Mirai结构图及技术参数

丰田发动机系列和参数

丰田普锐斯基本参数

(整理)丰田普锐斯电机及驱动控制系统解析.

丰田发动机系列及其参数

丰田普瑞斯技术特点

普锐斯案例分析答案.docx

推荐-丰田普锐斯电源系统研究精品

丰田普锐斯历程

丰田Prius技术详解

丰田普锐斯

丰田普锐斯用户手册PriusUserGuide

丰田发动机系列及参数

丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车介绍

丰田普锐斯Prius混合动力车

丰田普锐斯介绍

相关文档

最新文档

丰田普锐斯用户手册PriusUserGuide

丰田Mirai结构图及技术参数

丰田发动机系列和参数

丰田普锐斯基本参数

(整理)丰田普锐斯电机及驱动控制系统解析.

丰田发动机系列及其参数

丰田普瑞斯技术特点

普锐斯案例分析答案.docx

推荐-丰田普锐斯电源系统研究 精品

丰田普锐斯历程

丰田Prius技术详解

丰田普锐斯

丰田普锐斯用户手册PriusUserGuide

丰田发动机系列及参数

丰田普锐斯混合动力汽车介绍

丰田普锐斯Prius混合动力车

丰田普锐斯介绍

相关文档

最新文档

推荐-丰田普锐斯电源系统研究精品