2015年托福考试专项指导 托福阅读经典试题及答案

2015年托福考试专项指导

托福阅读

经典试题及答案

Question 1-9:

Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)

The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

0308 托福试题 阅读( 55minutes ) Question 1-11 seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen If food is allowed to stand for some time, putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful spontaneous generation microbiologist Louis showed that structures present in air closely found not that it to be seen in such process by which of the theory of French chemist and opponent was the Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur resemble the microorganisms

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托福阅读技巧集合2(Reading skill)

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＊价钱公道fair, reasonable, affordable, acceptable. 6养花种草 －花草长势 －阳光水份: sunlight; water regularly －摆哪儿合适：窗前sunlight；角落里shade 7照相 －效果:模糊blurry －用光，胶卷:闪光灯flash, 焦距focus, out of focus, adjust the focus, 照相shot, a roll of film, 冲卷develop, 放大enlarge 8邮局 －不满意：It took forever to arrive. 9外出吃饭(go out for lunch, dine out) －上哪儿吃：一角dime, 五分nickel, 1分penny, 分cent －爱尝鲜appetizer开胃物，打包酒菜carryout,腌制souse, －喜欢安静：prefer a quiet place －谁请客：我请客This is my treat; Let me treat you; Let me pick up the bill. Foot the bill AA制：go fifty fifty, Let's spit the check, two bills －点错菜：order，菜单recipe *侍者常用语：①Bring the menu-are you ready to order now? ②take your order-I'll be with you in a moment③recommend sth-specialty特色④serve food- I'll take care of it. I'll see to it. 10贪吃场景 －吃完：eat up, clean out, empty, go out. －谁打扫:残羹冷炙leftover *饭量小eat like a bird, 饭量大eat like a horse, 酒量大drink like a fish, 能睡sleep like a log, 能抽烟smoke like a chimney 11吃

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2020年托福阅读模拟试题及答案(卷九)

2020年托福阅读模拟试题及答案（卷九） 托福阅读文本： The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world. In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells. The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but

2019托福阅读考试真题(3)

2019托福阅读：模拟试题及答案解析（6） 【托福】 Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it

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新托福听力经典加试完整版

新托福听力经典加试完整版

新托福听力经典加试完整版 第一篇：关于鸟的迁徙的论文写作 Conversation: Student having difficulties in writing term paper ?文章回顾 男student: Professor, I hope to discuss my term paper with you. I got stuck in writing the paper on bird migration. I have difficulties in finding enough materials about bird migration. (老师，今儿，我想跟你说说我的学期论文的事儿。我卡住了，找不到这方面的资料。) 女Professor: You can’t find enough material on bird migration?(语调上扬，最后一题，重听题的考点。) 男student: I want to write about early bird migration.( 要写的paper是关于古代鸟类迁徙的，所以资料不够。) 女Professor: “哦你确实找到了一个好的题目，但是你要知道我的要求是你们的论文要反映你们这学期学了什么。”

男 student: 想写关于Aristotle关于这个题目的看法 etc. 女Professor: I want you to apply what you’ve learned to your paper. (希望他们运用所学知识研究来完成paper.) 不要只是做 summary or description. 我想要看到你的special analysis. 男 student: 但是，我觉得我找的资料中有错误的。（I think ….wrong）这就是为什么我不想用资料。 女 Professor: 你不要完全放弃以前找的资料（discard）. 你可以换种想法，用rational 的方式。这就是我们说的critical thinking，不一定非要同意资料。可以写以前的(historically) old theory, 然后现在的这些新研究 (current research) 如何支持(support)或者驳斥这些theory. 男 student: 我想可以写bird migrate at night。人们大多只看到大鸟，所以认为小鸟在大鸟的翅膀下迁徙什么的，其实新发现是因为小鸟晚上飞(通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图change the topic from ancient to recent)

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

0308 托福试题 阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.1 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that

托福听力经典加试完整版

第一篇：关于鸟的迁徙的论文写作 Conversation: Student having difficulties in writing term paper 1.文章回顾 男student: Professor, I hope to discuss my term paper with you. I got stuck in writing the paper on bird migration. I have difficulties in finding enough materials about bird migration. (老师，今儿，我想跟你说说我的学期论文的事儿。我卡住了，找不到这方面的资料。) 女Professor: You can’t find enough material on bird migration?(语调上扬，最后一题，重听题的考点。) 男student: I want to write about early bird migration.( 要写的paper是关于古代鸟类迁徙的，所以资料不够。) 女Professor: “哦你确实找到了一个好的题目，但是你要知道我的要求是你们的论文要反映你们这学期学了什么。” 男student: 想写关于Aristotle关于这个题目的看法etc. 女Professor: I want you to apply what you’ve learned to your paper. (希望他们运用所学知识研究来完成paper.) 不要只是做summary or description. 我想要看到你的special analysis. 男student: 但是，我觉得我找的资料中有错误的。（I think ….wrong）这就是为什么我不想用资料。 女Professor: 你不要完全放弃以前找的资料（discard）. 你可以换种想法，用rational 的方式。这就是我们说的critical thinking，不一定非要同意资料。可以写以前的(historically) old theory, 然后现在的这些新研究(current research) 如何支持(support)或者驳斥这些theory. 男student: 我想可以写bird migrate at night。人们大多只看到大鸟，所以认为小鸟在大鸟的翅膀下迁徙什么的，其实新发现是因为小鸟晚上飞(通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图change the topic from ancient to recent) 女Professor: That shows your thinking. （对，这样就是我们需要的思考能力） 男student: 我想写一种不迁徙而是冬眠的鸟。I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter. 女Professor: 如果我是你，我就不会在一份15页的论文中写这么多。（If I were you , I would not….. The paper is 15 pages…）不过，想法挺不错。建议你以后每周(in a week)都来找我，看一下他写论文的新的方向（new direction）进行得如何。 2.题目 问题一：Why does the student go to see the professor? 答案：C（3）he cannot find enough material in writing his paper. 问题二：How does the professor help the student? 答案：A（1）change the topic from ancient to recent 问题三：学生的论文中包括什么？ 答案：1. ANALYSIS 2.教授的建议 问题四：Why does the student mention night migration ？ 答案：A (1) 通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图he understands what the teacher said. change the topic from ancient to recent. 问题五：listen again（女Professor说的：啊，你没找到鸟类迁徙的资料？） 答案：B (2) 教授认为找资料很简单(…is easy….) 第二篇：关于植物的分类，用大王花举例 Lecture: Rafflesia 3.文章回顾 教授一开始就介绍植物分类，提到分类中的species种，genus属，order目。说植物的classification 很难，一些特性比较特殊的植物特别是这个样子。提出植物的分类不能完全依靠它flower的形态和特性。提到Rafflesia(大王花)，开花石会散发腐臭的味道，以吸引蝇类传播花粉。但是Indonesia有一种植物M，它的flower很特别，超级大（图片显示它的直径有一个手臂这么长，颜色为绛红），有难闻的味道，最后发现他们不是一个order 的。 大王花生长在很恶劣的环境中，其它的植物都不能生长（题目一：它生长在什么样的环境当中?）这种植物有食物的来源，但是它还是会抓insect吃，因为它不能从土壤中得到足够的营养，所以要通过这种方式来获取所需的营养（题目二：为什么吃虫?） 然后教授说了它怎么抓虫的。经过很长时间的研究，专家发现它和violet(紫罗兰)、willow(柳树) 等是属于一个order的，后提到幼时的violet，也会散发那种smell的。 提到共存（考题）。另一种南美洲的植物和它是同一目的，但是花很小，味道也不难闻，与蓝莓共生coherent。学生提问不能测DNA 吗，教授说这种大花基本不进行光合作用，没法提取一般植物能提取到的DNA。在DNA分析技术成熟之前根本无法将他们并为同类，由于他们的特征差异太大。 教授还提到这种植物的交配不易，其一气味难闻致使传蜜的动物不易接近，其二它每年只开一次花，且花分雌雄。所以要这么多先天条件凑齐不易，所以很少有人有机会看到开花的全过程（考题）。结论，不可以貌取人。 后来又讲了这种花很有可能灭绝，原因是要fly帮忙运花粉，要同种的花在一起等等，要这些条件同时发生，是小概率事件。 题目 问题一：What is the main topic of this lecture? 答案：是说分类很难，尤其是特征很变态的 问题二：大王花的特点 答案：1. HUGE 2. 让FLY来传粉 问题三：教授说M植物属于B类的，是什么意思？ 答案：M植物与大王花不是同一类的

历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案

0308托福试题 阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly (20)being deposited on all objects. Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated to boiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied .The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary for spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way (25)by heating so that it would no longer support spontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but air could reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask.. Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy. 1,What does the passage mainly discuss? (a)Pasteur’s influence on the development of the microscope. (b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation . (c)The effects of pasteurization on food. (d)Pasteur’s argument agai nst the theory of spontaneous generation . 2,The phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to (a)full of (b)developing into (c)resistant to (d)hurt by 3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer? (a)What is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food? (b)How many types of organisms can be found on food? (c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination? (d)How long can food stand before it putrefies? 4,The word “resemble” in line 9 is closest in meaning to