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北大博士生谈英语考博经验

在北京大学的校园里，笔者见到了双胞胎兄弟于文和于明，他们双双于今年3月通过了北京大学的博士生入学考试。毕业于北京印刷学院传播学研究生部的哥哥于文考取了传播学专业博士，毕业于华东政法大学法律史研究生部的弟弟于明考取了法律专业博士。

这是他们第一次考博。

北大的博士生考试既没有考试大纲，也没有参考书，兄弟俩摸索出了一套自己的应试方法。

谈到准备考试，于明反复强调说：“准备考试只有短短几个月的时间，真正靠的还是平时的积累。”于明说，“尤其是专业课，还是靠研究生阶段的学习”。“考北大博士生难就难在英语”，因此“准备时主要是看看英语”。

说到初试时的英语考试，兄弟俩介绍说关键是根据不同的题型来准备。北大博士生英语考试非英语专业用同一张卷子，因此俩人的准备方法和材料大同小异。

于文说，“博士生入学的英语考试并不是标准化的考试，每年难度起伏很大，每道题的难度起伏很大。这一点和四六级、雅思很不一样。”

于明说：“北大博士生考试的英语，听力部分跟托福接近，一开始也就是听托福的资料。”于文补充说：“听力难度据说在专业四级到八级之间。只要能对付托福听力，这个考试也问题不大”。但是并不是说只看托福就行了。于明接着说，和托福相比，北大博士考试听

力涉及的单词量大，难度也远远超过托福，相比托福，要扩充一下单词量。

兄弟俩都认为，词汇掌握的关键还是核心词汇，比如六级词汇。词汇肯定不会超过GRE的词汇，但是没有必要去背GRE，“要平均用力，为了几分花太多时间不划算”。

“做真题还是很重要”，于文说，但是“题目不在于做得多而是在于自己总结”。

他们也提到，听力还是比较难的，因为本身录音、广播、室外环境这些客观条件的制约，考场上的听力材料不像四六级时那么清晰，发音含糊，但这一点对所有人都一样。

“和研究生考试不同，北大的博士考试阅读和作文都不难”，于明介绍说。在研究生考试中，阅读是关键，题量大，难度大，分值大。可是在北大博士考试中，阅读难度小，分值小，只有10分，是容易得分的题。

作文考试和研究生考试也有很大区别。于明继续说，博士生考试只考一篇作文，而且题型简单，大多是赞成什么，反对什么的观点题，涉及的也都是当前热点。于明的经验是多写，而且要在文中“出现复杂一点的、书面的、地道的表达方式，比如倒装句、虚拟语气什么的”。

此外，平时还要多关注引起争论的热点新闻。

比较难的题型是完型填空、改错和改写题。

完型填空难在没有选项，但练多了就会发现，“填的副词和介词比较多一点，名词和动词少一点”，于文说。

于文介绍说，如果语法和单词都过关了，也不用刻意去练改错题。“掌握了经验，就知道副词肯定要错一个，时态要错两个，冠词会来一个。”于文笑笑说。

“改写题，这个题型非英语专业比较少见。”于文说道。于明补充说：“就是英翻英”。哥哥接着说，“一般是一些意味深长、含义隽永的句子，要你用自己的话重新去解释”。改写题通常要改写五句，一句三分。

“语法很重要，很多地方要用到语法。无论是完型还是改错。”于文特意说道。

说到初试专业考试，哥俩儿的感受是，“专业课也需要准备，但是最后几个月起的作用并不很大”。

和考研不同，博士专业考试题量少，一般三到四道题，只有论述题。

他们强调，无论是考哪个专业，都要好好看看出题老师的著作，要能用老师的观点进行阐述，于明说：“如果你觉得你的观点比较新颖，老师又很可能会欣赏，就可以写上；如果光是你觉得新颖，老师恐怕不会欣赏，那最好还是不要写自己的观点。”

“每个老师在说明一个问题的时候他的思路怎样，这是看书时的重点。”于文补充说。

至少要做到层次清楚。“这类的题目没有标准答案，老师更重视的是你分析问题的能力。”“你从哪些角度来讲，分成哪些层次，如果你能做到环环相扣、层层深入，那肯定能得高分。”于明说。

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北京大学考博英语历年试题分析

北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析导言：考博英语真题的重要性全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。考博英语试题的独特性众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方面而引起的错误和争议。其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。因其题目来源的独特性，我们研究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。如果考生在考前了解了这一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。所以考生考前精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。

考博英语试题的作用考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。指导作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。规划作用。考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。调控作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，以所报考院校的英语真题为标杆，随时监控与调节自己的复习计划，使自己的复习计划在最短的时间内获得满意的成绩。由此可知，研究真题对于考生在较短时间内提升成绩是有很大帮助的。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学历年的考博真题进行了细致且深入的研究，将北京大学考博英语的出题特点、题目类型等进行了详细论述，对下一年度的考博英语命题趋势进行了预测，并提出了针对北京大学考博英语的备考方法，让考生的复习备考更加具有针对性，让考生少走弯路，快速提高考试成绩。以下是华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学考博英语历年试题详细分析。一、北京大学考博英语试题的考核要求北京大学博士研究生非英语专业入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合历年招收博士研究生的具体情况，我校博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力。