初中三大从句

初中三大从句 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

初中三大从句

一、中考要求：

宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句的用法是中考热点之一，主要考查三种从句的引导词的选择；宾语从句的语序和时态；状语从句主要考查时间状语从句、条件状语从句、因果状语从句，特别是条件状语从句的时态、so… that引导的结果状语从句和目的状语从句等。

二、知识要点：

1. 宾语从句：

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态。

宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。例如：

He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。

Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.

你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。

Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？

你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？

1) 以that引导的宾语从句：

that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，

that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。

Do you think (that) it will rain 你认为天会下雨吗

He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。

2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句：

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由

原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意思是“是否”。

Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.

请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。

I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。

注意：

以下情况一般只用whether不用if。

①接带to的动词不定式。

She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。

②与or not连用时。

I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。

3) 含疑问意义的连接词引导的宾语从句：

此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词

包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导

词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：

Could you tell me which gate we have to go to 请问我们得走哪个门

He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。

注意：

what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/ 事情等”。例如：

In one’s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。

（what意思为“……的事情”）

Can you tell me what we can do for you请问我们能为你做点什么

（what意思为“什么”）

宾语从句的三个注意事项：

1）语序：由whether/ if和疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意

相应的助动词和动词的变化等。例如：

把这两个简单句合成一个复合句：

Where does your father work Can you tell us ─→

Can you tell us where your father works你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗

Did you get home very late

He asked me. ─→

He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。

2）时态对应：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。例如：

My teacher says he will be back in a week. 我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。

（一般将来时）

My teacher says he is watching TV. 我的老师说他正在看电视。

（现在进行时）

My teacher says he has seen the movie. 我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。

（现在完成时）

如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。例如：

My father said he was watching TV at that time. 我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。

（过去进行时）

My father said the he had already seen the movie. 我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。

（过去完成时）

如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.

我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。（一般现在时）

3) 否定转移：

主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主

句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：

I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute. 我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟。

I don’t believe he did this, did he 我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗

2. 定语从句：

用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代

1）选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键：①看所修饰的是人还是物；

②看它所代表的先行词在定语

从句中做什么成分。例如：

Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me 你认识卖给我鸡蛋的那个人吗

（所修饰的词是“the man”，在从句中作主语，用who/ that）

Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now.

你爸爸不在刚才到达的火车上。

(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作主语)

This is the book (which / that) you wanted. 这正是你要的书。

(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作宾语，可省)

Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor 你认识父亲是医生的那个男孩儿吗

(先行词是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在从句中作定语)

You can go home where you can have a rest. 你可以回到你能休息的家中。

(先行词是地点，where相当于at home，在从句中作地点状语)

Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day

你还记得我们经常挨饿的那一年吗？

(先行词是时间，when相当于in the year，在从句中作时间状语）

Do you know the reason why she didn’t come to our party

你知道他没有参加我们聚会的原因吗？

(先行词是原因，why相当于for the reason，在从句中作原因状语）2）引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如：

Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday你看到了我昨天给你的那本书了吗

3）引导词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。例如：

Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？

你认识那个在和你爸爸说话的人吗？

3. 状语从句：

用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，比较状语从句等。

A.时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when（当……时），while（当……时），as（当……时），before（在……之前），after （在……之后），since（自从），until（直到）， as soon as（一……就），once（一旦……就）等。例如：

I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. 我直到做完作业才去睡觉。

I can listen to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。

注意：

①时间状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：

I will telephone you when he comes. 他来了我给你打电话。

I’ll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。

② when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可以是延续性

动词，也可以是瞬间动词。例如：

He was working when I went in. 我进去时他正在工作。

When she heard the news, she began to cry. 她听到这个消息，她哭了起来。

但是while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在……期间”。

They rushed in while we were singing. 我们唱歌时，他们冲进来。

as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边……一边”。

John sings as he walks home. 约翰一边往家走一边唱歌。

③ while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。例如：

I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music.

我喜欢踢足球，而汤姆喜欢听音乐。

④ since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

We have been friends since we met in Beijing. 自从我们在北京遇到就一直是朋友。

It has been six years since she left school. 自从她毕业已经有六年了。

⑤ until/ till 引导时间状语从句，当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句常用否定形式，not…

until意思为“直到……才”。

He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。

B.地点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where（哪里），wherever（无论哪里）等。例如：

Put it where you find it. 把它放在原来的地方。

You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐在哪里就坐在哪里。

C. 原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because （因为），as （因为），since（既然）等。例如：

I often eat carrots because they are good for my health.

我经常吃胡萝卜是因为对我的身体有好处。

As I don’t know the way, I had to ask the policeman.

由于我不知道路，所以我不得不问警察。

注意：

① because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来回答我why提出的问题。

I didn’t tell them because they were too young. 我没有告诉他们，因为他们太小。

② because和so不能同在一个句子里。

Because the book was expensive, I didn’t buy it. (I 前不用so)

D. 结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：so…that…（如此……以致……），so that（结果），such… that…（如此……以致……）等。例如：

It’s such a good chance that you can’t miss it. 这次机会如此好，你不能失去它。

注意： so…that 和 such …that 都可以引导结果状语从句，注意so和such 后面所接的词不同。

①

He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.

他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.

这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。

②但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰，则用so。例如：

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.

他摔了很多跤，以致全身上下青一块，紫一块的。

③

他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。

Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.

=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him.

=He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.) 他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。

E. 目的状语从句：表示目的。其连接词有：so（以便），so that（为了），in order that（为了）等，从句中多用情态动词can, will, may, should 等。例如：

He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.

他起床很早以便于赶第一班火车。

F.条件状语从句：条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有：if（如果），unless （如果不，除非），as long as（只要）等。例如：

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。

注意：

①条件状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：

Unless it rains, the game will be played. 如果不下雨，比赛就将进行。

② unless意思相当于if…not…。

G. 让步状语从句：常由though/although (虽然)，even if/ though (即使)等引导。例如：

Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管这是一件艰苦的工作，但我乐意做。

三、易错点点拨：

1. I don’t know if you come to my party tomorrow.

〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法，从句子的意思理解是if引导的宾语从句，要用一般将来时，此题误用作状语从句了。所以应把come改为will/ can come。

2. Can you tell me where does he study English?

〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的语序的用法，特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，所以把助动词does去掉，而且因为从句主语是he，还要把study 变成studies。

3. My teacher told me that light traveled faster than the sound.

〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法。宾语从句是表示客观真理（即光速比声速快），所以宾语从句用一般现在时，而不受主句时态的影响。所以要把traveled改为travels。

4. They are the people and books who you want to learn.

〔解析〕本题是考查定语从句的引导词用法，定语从句的先行词既有人和也有物，所以引导词要用人和物共用的that，不能用who或者which。所以要把who改为that。

5. He got to school early if he could clean the classroom.

〔解析〕本题是考查表示目的的状语从句的连接词的用法。if引导条件状语从句，而此句应该用连接词so that引导目的状语从句。所以把if改为so that。

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)知识讲解

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？ This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略） whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你知道吗？（关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel。） （二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that） （三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如： Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

初中英语三大从句总结

一. 宾语从句object clause： 一. 定义definition： 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二. 连接词connections： that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses: 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 二. 定语从句Attributive clause： 1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 2.先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后 4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词 5.翻译方法“…. 的” Eg. 1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand. 2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English. Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1.This is the teacher whom\who we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示“…的” eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

初中三大从句

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1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

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人教部编版初中英语最重要的3大从句考点总结

人教部编版初中英语最重要的3大从句考点总结 宾语从句 一、定义 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三、时态 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时， 这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 定语从句 一、定义 在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。 二、先行词 先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后 三、关系代词 关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不 可再出现其他代替先行词的代词 四、翻译方法“…. 的” Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当 宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1. This is the teacher whom\who we like best.

宾语从句在中考中有三大考点纪要

宾语从句在中考中有三大考点：时态、语序和连接词。 在了解考点前，我们先要认识一下宾语从句。所谓宾语从句，就是句子的宾语部分不是一个简单的词，而是一个句子，比如：I know you're right. 这里的“you're right”做宾语，是句子，所以说它是一个宾语从句，句子的主干部分"I know"是主句。 考点一：时态 宾语从句时态考点归纳为三句话：主过，从过；主不过，从随意；从真理，一般现在永不变。 1.主过，从过：当主句是过去时的时候，从句要改为过去的对应时态，如：I know you're right.当主句变为过去时的时候，从句要把are改为were，即I knew you were right. 2.主不过，从随意：当主句不是过去时的时候，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，不受限制。 3.从真理，一般现在永不变：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时，如：My mom told that Beijing is the capital of China. 考点二：语序 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序，即：主语+谓语，例如：I don't know who he is. 这里的he is是主谓结构，而大部分考题中会给出干扰选项who is he. 考点三：连接词 1.宾语从句部分是陈述句的时候，用that引导，that大部分情况可以被省略，如：I know (that) he is a good student. 2.宾语从句部分是一般疑问句的时候，用if或whether引导，如：“我想知道他的答案是正确的么”，从句部分Is his answer right?这时用作宾语从句，需要先改为陈述句his answer is right,并在前边加上if或whether，即：I want to know if/whether his answer is right. 当然，if与whether在使用的时候略有不同，我们在另外的帖子中给大家再做区分。 3.宾语从句部分是特殊疑问句的时候，直接用特殊疑问词引导，但一定注意将特殊疑问句的“谓+主”还原成为“主+谓”，如：“我想知道我们几点走”，从句部分When will we go?这时用作宾语从句，首先改为陈述句语序when we will go，然后连接在主句后，即：I want to know when we will go.