2020年12月英语四级真题及答案完整版

2020年12月英语四级真题及参考答案(完整版)

Part I writing

Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a composition on the topic “Changes in the way of Transportation”.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.

参考范文：

With the social and economic development,our means of transportation have changed a lot over the last few decades,which has brought much convenience to our life.

In the1970s and1980s,bicycles were the primary means of public transportation.Families that owned a bicycle were thought to be in relatively good economic conditions.Because of the implementation of the reform and opening policy,the economy and people’s living standards were improved a lot and travelling by private cars became more and more common in1990s and2000s. And thanks to the information technology,we can now enjoy bike-sharing service and online ride-hailing service which help to make our journey more economical and flexible.

We have enough reason to believe that our way of transportation could be more and more economically friendly and intelligent.

Part II Listening Comprehension

PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question.you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through she centre. Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.

1.A)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.

B)Invasive species are driving away certain native species.

C)The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.

D)Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.

2.A)It could add to greenhouse emissions.

B)It could disrupt the food chains there.

C)It could pose a threat to other marine species.

D)It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.

C)Spend a few nights on a small island.

D)Sell the pearl he had kept for years.

Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.

3.A)cars will not be allowed to enter the city.

B)About half of its city center will be closed to cars.

C)Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.

D)Pedestrians will have free access to the city.

4.A)The rising air pollution in Paris.

B)The worsening global warming.

C The ever-growing cost of petrol.

D)The unbearable traffic noise.

Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.

5.A)Many of his possessions were stolen.

B)His house was burnt down in a fire.

C)His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.

D)His good luck charm sank into the sea.

6.A)Change his fishing locations.

B)Find a job in a travel agency.

C))Spend a few nights on a small island

D)Sell the pearl he had kept for years

7.A)A New Year museum

B)The largest pearl in the world weighs

C)His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.

D)His pearl could be displayed in a museum.

Section B

Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8.A)It boasts a fairly long history.

B)It produces construction materials.

C)It has75offices around the world.

D)It has over50business partners.

9.A)It has about50employees.

B)It was started by his father.

C)It has a family business.

D)It is over100years old.

10.A)Shortage of raw material supply.

B)Legal disputes in many countries.

C)Outdated product design.

D)Loss of competitive edge.

11.A)Conducting a financial analysis for it.

B)Providing training for its staff members.

C)Seeking new ways to increase is exports.

D)Introducing innovative marketing strategies.

Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12.A)She is a real expert at house decorations.

B)She is well informed about the design business.

C)She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.

D)She is really impressed by the man’s house.

13.A)From his younger brother Greg.

B)From home design magazines.

C)From a construction businessman.

D)From a professional interior designer.

14.A)The effort was worthwhile.

B)The style was fashionable.

C)The cost was affordable.

D)The eft was unexpected.

15.A)She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.

B)She wants him to share his renovation experience with her

C)She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.

D)She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.

Section C

Directions:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the your choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark he corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.A)Providing routine care for small children.

B)Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.

C)Doing research on ear,nose and throat diseases.

D)Removing objects from patients’noses and ears.

17.A)Many children like to smell things they find or play with.

B)Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.

C)Five-to nine-year-olds are the mos likely to put things in their ears.

D)Children aged one to four a often more curious than older children.

18.A)They tend to act out of impulse.

B)They want to attract attentions.

C)They are unaware of the potential risks.

D)They are curious about these body parts.

Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.A)It paid for her English lessons.

B)It gave her a used bicycle.

C)It delivered her daily necessities.

D)It provided her with physical therapy.

20.A)Expanding bike-riding lessons.

B)Asking local people for donations.

C)Providing free public transport.

D)Offering walking tours to visitors.

21.A)It is a language school.

B)It is a charity organization.

C)It is a counseling center.

D)It is a sports club.

Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.

22.A)How mice imitate human behavior a space.

B)How low gravity affects the human body.

C)How mice interact in a new environment.

D)How animals deal with lack of gravity.

23.A)They were not use to the low-gravity cnvironment.

B)They found it difficult to figure out where they were.

C)They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.

D)They were not sensitive to the changed environment.

24.A)They tried every thing possible to escape from the cage.

B)They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.

C)They already felt at home in the new environment.

D)They had found a lot more activities to engage in.

25.A)They repeated their activities every day.

B)They behaved as if they were on Earth.

C)They begin to eat less after some time.

D)They changed their routines in space.

听力原文：

Listening Comprehension

Section A

News report1

A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists.The International Union for the Conservation of Nature(UICN)has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey,Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean.Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean,the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people.Although fatalities are rare,the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing.The fish,often known as Devil Fire fish,is a highly invasive species.And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life.After being spotted in the Mediterranean,a marine scientist says,"The fish is spreading,and that's a cause for concern."

Q1:What is reported in the news?

Q2:What is the environmentalists'concern of the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?

News report2

[Q3]Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day.[Q4]This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time.Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car Free

Day last year.Hidalgo also has supported a Paris Breathes Day.On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road.About400miles of streets will be closed to cars.It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels."Last year's car-free day showed a 40%drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city,according to an independent air pollution monitor",reports the Guardian,"and some levels dropped by50%in the city centre.'

Q3:What will happen on World Car Free Day in Paris?

Q4:What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car Free Day in her city?

News report3

A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations.Then,a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.When he was forced to sell it,the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world,which was valued at f76million.The pearl of Allah,which is currently on display in a New York museum,only weighs14pounds.That is five times smaller than the pearl that the fisher man just handed in.The monstrous pearl,measured at1foot wide and2.2feet long,is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town. O5:What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?

Q6:What was the fisherman forced to do?

Q7:What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?

Section B

Long conversation1

WOMAN:Mr.Smith,It’s a pleasure meeting you!

Man:Nice to meet you,too.What can I do for you?

WOMAN:Well,I’m here to show you what our firm can do for you.Astro Consultants has branches in over fifty countries,offering different business services.We’re a global company with75years of history.And our clients include some of the world’s largest companies【8】.

MAN:Thank you,Mrs.Houston.I know Astro Consultants is a famous company.But you said you would show me what you could do for me.Well.What exactly can your firm do for my company? WOMAN:We advise businesses on all matters,from market analysis to legal issues.Anything a business like yours could meet.Our firm offers expert advice.Could I ask you,Mr.Smith,to tell me a little about your company and the challenges you face?That way,I could better respond as to how we can help you.

Man:OK,sure.This is a family business started by my grandfather in1950.We employ just over 100people.We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions.Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design.And that’s what we do in our factory【9】. Our main challenge is that our national currency is rising,and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India【10】.

WOMAN:I see.That’s very interesting.I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company,together with the analysis of your competitors in India.【11】That way,we could offer the best advice on different ways forward for you.

Q8:What do we learn about the woman’s company?

Q9:What does the man say about his own company?

Q10:What is the main problem with the man’s company?

Q11:What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’s company?

Long conversation2

Woman:Wow,congratulations,Simon!The place looks absolutely amazing!

Man:Really?You think so?

W:Of course.I love it.It looks like you had a professional interior designer.But you didn’t,did you?

M:No.I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother,Greg.He’s actually in the construction business,which was really helpful.

W:Honestly,I’m impressed!I know I can probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something,but not a full renovation.Where did you get your ideas?I wouldn’t know where to start.[12]

M:Well,for a while now,I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines.Every now and then, I’d saved the pictures I liked.Believe it or not,I have a full notebook of magazine pages.[13]Since by overall style was quite minimal,I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. And sure enough,with Greg’s help,it was very achievable.

W:Wasn’t it expensive?I have imagined a project like this could be.

M:Actually,it was surprisingly affordable.I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material.[14]Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well.

W:Great!If you don’t mind,I’d like to pick your brain a bit more.Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room,not the whole house,not yet anyway.And we’d love to get some inspiration from your experience.[15]Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week?

Q12:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

Q13:Where did the man get his ideas for the project?）

Q14:What did the man say about the project he recently completed?

Q15:Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?

Section C

Passage1

Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost E3m year,a study suggests.[Q16]Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases-95%of objects removed from noses and85%from ears.Every year,an average of1,218nose and2,479ear removals took place between2010and2016.According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics,children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors fora foreign object in their nose.Five to nine year old come to the hospital with something in their ear the most.Jewelry items accounted for up to40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children.Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses.Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.[Q17]

According to the study,the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears.This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects.[Q18]Any ear,nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults.Batteries can pose a particular danger.In all cases,prevention is better than cure.This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts.Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.

Q16:What does England spend an annual E3m on?

Q17:What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?

Q18:What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?

Passage2

Good morning,I’d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle.But before that,let me introduce someone.This is Leila Rahimi.She was so scared when she first moved to New Zeal-and that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies.After a few months of being quite down and unhappy,she was invited to join a local bike club.At this time,ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle.[Q19]In weeks,her depression had begun to ease as she cycled.The bicycle totally changed her life,giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom.

To date,ReBicycle has donated more than200bikes to those in need,and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars.[Q20]With a bike,you can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day that used to spend on walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just one hour.Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers.[Q21]Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult as an adult,and this can take days and weeks,rather than hours.So,if any of you have some free time during the weekend,please come join us at Re Bicycle and make a difference in someone’s life.

Q19:What did Re Bicycle do to help Leila Rahimi?

Q20:What is Re Bicycle doing to help those in need?

Q21:What do we learn from the passage about the Re Bicycle?

Passage3

Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body,but NASA scientists want to learn more.To that end,they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity,specifically focusing on mice（22）.The results are both interesting and humorous.

The scientists first send some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station.The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video.As you noticed in the video,the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily,drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up,but without success.(23)However,it’s not long before the mice begin to catch on.They adapt remarkably well to their new environment and even using the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage.

That’s when things really get wild.The11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it.(24)Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls.

The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth.The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact,including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry.(25)

Q22What do Nasa scientists want to learn about?

Q23What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?

Q24What was observed about the mice on the11th day of the experiment?

Q25What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment?

PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)

Section A（第1套）

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ton blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the

passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice

in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item

on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the

words in the bank more than once.

When my son completes a task,I can’t help but praise him.It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due,right?But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip,children don’t benefit from26praise as much as we’d like to think.“Parents often praise,believing they are building their child’s self-confidence.However,over-praising can have a27effect,”says Phillip.“When we use the same praise28,it may become empty and no longer valued by the child.It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be29 with praise.This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of30their parents.”Docs this mean we should do away with all the praise?Phillip says no,“The key to healthy praise is1o focus on the process rather than the31it is the recognition of a child’s attempt,or the process in which they achieved something,that is essential,”she says,“Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”

So how do we break the32of praise we’re all so accustomed to?Phillip says it’s important to 33between“person praise”and“process raise”.“Person praise is34saying how great someone is.It’s a form personal approval.Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts te person has just

35.Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,”says Phillip.

A)choose B)constant C)disappointing D)distinguish

E)exhausting F)experienced G)negative H)outcome

I)pattern J)plural K)repeatedly L)rewarded

M)separately N)simply O)undertaken

答案：

26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.O

Section B

Poverty is a story about us,not them

[A]Too often still we think we know the poverty looks like.It's the way we've been taught,the images we’ve been forced-fed decades.The chronically homeless.The undocumented immigrant. The urban poor,usually personified as a woman of color,the"welfare queen"politicians still too often reference.

[B]But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States,even in the midst of a record economic expansions,.those familiar images are outdated,hurtful and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.

IC]Today's faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us.It's Anna Landre,a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow-her the freedom to live her life lt's Tiffanie Standard,a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be tech entrepreneurs—but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat.It's Ken Outlaw,a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation,

[D]If these arc the central characters of our story about poverty.what layers of perceptions,myths, and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?In pursuit of revealing this

complicated reality,Mothering Justice,led by women of color,went last year to the state capital in Lansing,Michigan,to lobby on issues that affect working mothers.One of the Mothering Justice organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare-the vestiges(痕迹))of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked,A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns,telling her“my husband took care of that-l stayed home.”

[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson.,"was meant to shame"and relied on the familiar trope that a woman of color concemed about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a single mom,probably with multiple kids.,In this case.Mothering Justice activist happened to be married.And in most cases in the America of2019, the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicated reality:poverty touches virtually all of us.The face of income inequality, for all but a very few of us,is the one we each see in the mirror.

[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?It depends on who you ask.According to the Census Bureau,38million people in the U.S.are living below the official poverty thresholds,Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,the Institute for Policy Studies found that140 million peoplc are poor or low-income.That's almost half the U.S population.

[G]Whatever the measure,within that massive group,poverty is extremely diverse.We know that some people are more affected than others,like children,the elderly,people with disabilities,and people of color.

[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography.It even reaches into the middle classes,as real wages have stagnated(不增长)for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.

[I]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own effort and change a bad situation into a good one.The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families,friends. schools，,and community is virtually impossible.And the playing field is nothing close to level. [J]The Frame Works institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied

what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom."People view economic success and well being in life as product of choice,willpower,drive,grit,and gumption,"says Nat Kendall-Taylor,CEO of Frame Works.“When we see people who are struggling.”he says,those assumptions“lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy.they don’t care,and they haven't made the right decisions.”

[K]Does this sound familiar?Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S.And these assumptions wreak havoc on reality."When people enter into that pattern of thinking,"says Kendall-Taylor,"it's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way.It creates a kind of cognitive blindness-all of the factors external to a person's drive and choices that they've made become invisible and fade from view.”

Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work ot struetual discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive.There is a great tension between"the poor"and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word:"welfare."

According to the General Social Survey,7l percent of respondents believe the contry is spending too little on a"welfare":37percent believe we are spending too much,

[N]"Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.It's true that black mothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups,yet they are disproportionately the face of poverty.For example，Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs. [O]In reality,most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives.Indeed,people tend to dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.

[P]Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.

答案：

36.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"

37.[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography. 38.[M]According to the General Social Survey,71percent of

respondents believe the country is spending too little on"assistance to the poor."

39.[J]The Frame Works Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereo types and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom

40.[D]lf these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?

41.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?

42.[N]“Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and”black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.

43.[1]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.

44.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Dan-ielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"

45.[L]Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.

Section C

Passage One

Questions46to50are based on the following passage.

Boredom has,paradoxically,become quite interesting to academics lately.In early May.Lon don's Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness.At this event.people floc ked to talks about weather,traffic jams and vending-machine sounds.,among other sleep-indu cing topics What,exactly,is everybody studying?One widely accepted definition of boredom i s"the distasteful experience of wanting,but being unable.to engage in satisfying activity." But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else’s?

In1986,psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored By contrast,the Mulitidimensional State Boredom scale,developed in2008,measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation. Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving.mindless snacking.excessive drinking,and and addictive gambling.In fact,many of us would choose pain over

boredom.

One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for15minutes.

Researching this phenomenon,another team asked volunteers to watch boring.sad,or ncutar films,during which they could self-administer elccrie shocks,The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.

But boredom isn't all bad.By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming.it can spur activit y.An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-associ ation exercises.Once all the obvious answers were exhausted,participants gave more and more incentive answers to combat boredom:A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge(coming up with a list of alternative uses fo r a household item).One group of subjects did a boring activity first.while the others went straight to the creative task.Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more produ ctive.

In our always connected world,boredom may be a hard-to-define state,but it is a fertile one,Watch paint dry or water boil,or at least put away our smart phone for a while,and you might unlock your next big idea.

46.When are people likely to experience boredom,according to an accepted psychological definition?

A)When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.

B)When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.

C)When they experience something unpleasant.

D)When they engage in some routine activities.

47.What does the author say boredom can lead to?

A)Determination

B)Mental deterioration

C)Concentration

D)Harmful conduct

48.What is the findings of one team of psychologists in their experiment?

A)Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.

B)Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.

C)Male volunteers arc more immune to the effects of boredom than females.

D)Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.

49.Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?

A)It stimulates memorization.

B)It may promote creative thinking.

C)It allows time for relaxation.

D)It may facilitate independent learning.

50.What does the author suggests one do when faced with a challenging problem?

A)stop idling and think big.

B)Unlock one’s smart phone.

C)Look around oneself for stimulation.

D)Allow oneself some time to be bored.

Passage Two

Questions51to55are based on the following passage.

Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists,and it is easy to see why.South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale:every year almost s million hectares are lost.But forests are also changing in rich Western countries They are growing larger,both in the sense that they occupy more and that the tees in them and bigger.What is going on?

Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries,with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few tress.In199028%of Spain was forested;now the proportion is37%.In both Greece and Italy,the growth was from26%to32%

over the same period.Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia.Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland.Roughly1%of that country was forested when it became independent in1922.Forests cover11%of the land,and the governments wants to push the proportion to18%by the2040s.

Two things are fertilizing this growth.The first is the abandonment of farmland,especially in high,

dry places where nothing grows terribly well.When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in.The second is governments policy and subsidy.Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons,ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building.Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant,

The greening of the West does not delight everyone.Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidized tree plantations.Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires.Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows.They will have to get used to the trees,however.The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.

51.What is catching environmentalists’attention nowadays?

A)Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.

B)Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.

C)Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.

D)Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.

52.Which countries have the fastest forest growth?

A)Those that brave newly achieved independence.

B)Those that at have the greatest demand for timber

C)Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.

D)Those that provide enormous government subsidies.

53.What has encouraged forest growth historically?

A)The government’s advocacy.

B)The use of wood for fuel.

C)The favorable climate.

D)The green movement.

54.What account for our increasing desire for forests?

A)Their unique scenic beauty.

B)Their use as fruit plantation.

C)Their capability of improving air quality.

D)Their stable supply of building materials.

55.What docs the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?

A)Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.

B)It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.

C)Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.

D)Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction

Part IV Translation

生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多吃米饭。在沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例，而在其他地区人们的饮食中，肉类和奶制品更为常见。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物，而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。然而，因为烹饪方式各异，同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。

【参考译文】

People in different parts of China have a variety of diets.In the north the staple food is pasta, while in the south rice.In coastal areas,seafood and freshwater products make up a large part of the local diet,while in other areas,meat and dairy products are more common on the table.People in Sichuan,Hunan and other provinces generally prefer spicy food,while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food.However,due to different cooking methods,similar foods may taste different from one another.

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