《高级英语》课后答案
Lesson7 The Age of Miracle Chips
I .
1)It looks like a stylized Navaho rug or the aerial view of a railroad switching yard. It is made mostly of silicon.
2)The computer of 25 years ago was as large as a room. The miracle chip of today is small, cheap, easy to mass produce, fast, infinitely versatile and convenient.
3)At 7:30 a. m. , when the alarm :lock burrs, the bedroom curtains swing silently apart, the venetian blinds snap up and the thermostat boosts the heat to a cozy 70~. The percolator in the kitchen starts burbling; the back door opens to let out the dog. The TV set blinks on with the day's first newscast. After the news on TV comes the morning mail, from correspondents who have dictated their messages into the computer network. Mr. A. , still in bed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos, which appear instantly on the genie screen. After his shower, which has turned itself on at exactly the right temperature at the right minute, Mr. A. is alerted by a buzzer and a blue light on the screen. His boss is on his way to the office. Mr. A. dresses and goes out to the car, the engine of which is running."
After her husband has kissed her goodbye, Mrs. A. uses the computer to do shopping for tonight' s dinner party. Then she orders from the memory bank her favorite recipes, tells the machine to compute the ingredients for six servings, and directs the ovens to reach the correct temperature for each dish according to the recipe, starting at 7:15 p.m. She then joins a televised discussion of art. Later she wanders into the computer room where she has just learned from his headset that his drill in Latin verb conjugation was very good.
4)Home information management systems will take over memo pads, notebooks, files, bills and the kitchen bulletin board. And housewives will be able to do their shopping by computer TV.
5)Hospital computers will take the place of doctors to talk to patients and they are programmed not only to remind the pharmacy department to prepare prescriptions but also to alert nurses to give the proper dosage at the right time.
6)In addition to the microprocessors under the hood that will help the machine operat e more efficiently, tiny computers will ease tensions and make life simpler for the driver and passengers too. For example, at the push of a button, the driver can get a readout on the amount of fuel in the tank, and the number of miles he can expect to go before a refill is necessary or he can find out the miles yet to go to a preset destination and the estimated arrival time. The best auto will contain a small portable phone capable of reaching any number in the world in seconds, automatic braking and a miniradar to avoid collisions.
7)In schools, computers will be more common than slide projectors, movie film projectors and tape recorders. They'll be used from the moment school opens, through break, through lunch period, and to the closing of the school.
8)The computer revolution is stimulating intellects, liberating limbs and pushing mankind to a higher level of existence.
Ⅱ .
1)The breakthrough in microelectronics will change people's lives in ways no one has ever thought of before.
2)Although at present only the rich man can afford custom made goods，the average person will be able to afford them in the future．
3)The computer might appear to make human beings machinelike，but it can bring some human qualities into our lives as well．
4)Personal service in medical care is regarded as the most important part of the American life．
5)It is the young Americans who will gain most of the advantages from the electronic revolution．
6)Right now，millions of American computer users are not able to make full use of the computer．
Ⅲ．See the translation of the text．
Ⅳ．
1)微生物学2)微型电路3)缩微胶卷；缩微照片4)显微图；微动扩大器；微写器5)密纹唱片6)显微照片；缩微照片7)显微阅读器8)微秒(百万分之一秒) 9)使微小化；使超小化l0)微波
V．
1)miniradar超小型雷达2)superpower超级大国3)miniskirt超短裙
4)minipants超短裤5)superfine过分精细的，(商品)特级的6)minibus小型公共汽车，面包车7)superhigh frequency超高频率8)superhighway超级公路
9)superhuman超人的，神的，超过常人的10)minicamera小型照相机
Ⅵ．
1)car 2)car 3)car 4)cigarettes 5)tape recorder(radio，TV set，stereo—equipment，etc．) 6)tea 7)watches 8)camera 9)airplane 10)life jacket
Ⅶ．miracle chips，silicon，calculating capability，microcomputer, screen, read-out, keys, terminal, memory bank, compute, computer room, microelectronic revolution, home computer system, computerize, household computer, program, information management system, computer TV, microprocessor, magical beasts, a silicon circuit.
Ⅷ.
1)assumed, shouldered 2)vast, huge, hulking 3)huge burdens of drudgery, a vast array of tasks 4)conducted 5)in time 6)amazing 7)order
8)punch (press, push) a button 9)wandered 10)to calculate
IX.
1)read-out 2)be computerized 3)automakers 4)apparatus
5)appliances 6)computers 7)vacuum tubes 8)capabilities
9)applications 10)silicon chips , microcomputer-controlled 11)calculation 12)information 13)program.
Ⅹ.
1)In addition to data processing, the modern computers have the capabilities of making decisions and choices. 2)This device is capable of sending messages to the other hemisphere within a couple of seconds.
3)The new products are being mass-produced.
4)The students are collecting information associated with micro technology.
5)In what ways do you think the mechanization in agriculture will affect the life of the peasants in our country?
6)Please give me a rundown of last week's news.
7) The adoption of computers made it possible for them to perform their task with high efficiency and speed.
8)In a few years, the TV set will be within the reach of the average family.
9)Calculating instruments were in existence long ago．And it was from those past calculators that modern computers evolved．10)Despite their countless capabilities，the miracle chips must be programmed by human beings?
11)It is estimated that by the end of this year there will be 120 000 machine
men(robots 1 working at various posts in service of the human race．
12)This instrument is portable，therefore convenient for the prospectors?13)I'm afraid your TV set needs repairing：It seems there 1s something wrong with the tube．
Ⅺ．
电子计算机包括以下五个基本部分：
输入端：这部分将从各种装置获得的信息译成计算机懂得的电码。最初的计算机采用穿孔卡片送人输入端。现在，这样的卡片以及穿孔带仍在使用，但增补了其他方法，其中包括磁带、磁盘和磁鼓。
存储器：信息就贮存在这部分里以供计算机其他部分需要时使用。现代化计算机最常见的存储器是各种磁芯制成的。这种磁芯存储器正在被微型集成电路块上的半导体存储器所取代。
运算和逻辑部分：计算机依靠这部分来处理、指导、加工大量的信息。计算机在这里对数字和数据进行运算和操纵。
控制器：这是计算机的交通警，它使指令贮存在存储器中并对指令进行解释。它调节存储器、运算和逻辑部分以及这些部分之间信息的流动。它还命令经过加工的数据从存储器移动到输出端。
输出端：这部分把经过加工的数据译成可以控制各式各样装置的电冲。这样，输出端可以采用文字或数字两种读出形式，显示在高速打字机上或明亮的阴极射线管上。
YIT．Omitted．
XIII．
The Role the Computers Will Play in Our Four Modernizations When the computers are widely used，we may have large numbers of computerized robots which make our lives easier.
Some of them, like the pocket calculator, can work much more quickly than human beings can. And they rarely make mistakes.
In some ways robots are better than people. They work quickly, but do not make mistakes. They do not get bored doing the same job over and over again. And they never get tired.
So robots are very useful in factories. They can be taught to do many different jobs. At first, their electronic brains must be shown how the job is done. A person moves the robot' s "arms" and "hands" through each part of the job. The robot's brain re-members each move. When the robot is put to work on its own, its brain controls the rods, wheels and motors which move its arm. When the robot is needed for a new job, its electronic memory is "wiped clean". Then it is taught how to do its new task.
Robots are also used for doing jobs which are dangerous. They can move objects which are too hot or too heavy for people to handle. They can work in places which are too hot or too cold for people. And they are not affected by poisonous fumes or gases. In scientific research, they may be used for doing such jobs as handling radioactive materials.
In short, the computers will play an important role in our four modernizations. With their help, we will be relieved of tedious, hard or dangerous work and have more time for more challenging and valuable things or even for entertainment.
Lesson 8
An Interactive Life
I .
1)An interactive life of the future will be extremely convenient and productive, and a huge amount of information will be available at the touch of a button, everything from airline schedules to esoteric scientific journals to video versions of Broadway.
2)Stepping into the past makes us well aware of the great difference between the past and the present. And the present will become the past of the future ,so we can imagine what the future will be.
3)Since anyone can record news with a video-camera and put it on the universal network for everybody else to see, there is no longer any need for news anchorman like Peter Jennings.
4)If you want to see a film, you don't need to rent a tape and play it on your VCR. Instead, you may pick one from the catalog shown on the TV and phone the library to have it beamed to you. Those game fans may do it in the same way by contacting another electronic library which has a large number of video tapes with recordings of the actual shootings and killings seen in video game shops. Those who want to do shopping at home do not need to look through catalogs published by clothing companies. They may watch video catalogs with models displaying clothes of the newest fashion from various angles.
5)It is not considered genuine interactivity because it is not novel enough with but one step beyond passive viewing. It is still the traditional form of sitting on the couch watching.
6)That means a viewer has access to thousands of channels delivered through some combination of cable, telephone, satellite and cellular networks, which provide data from computer-based archives and information services.
7)Because a user might stand in front of a monitor receiver and just talk and listen, communicating with whatever or whomever some distance away.
8)It means an act or condition of moving towards the same place, result.
9)Because they were afraid its user would get one of Senator Proxmire's Golden Fleece awards.
10)Fibre optics will stop electronic highways from getting crowded and digitalization can translate all kinds of data into the simplest form of number and letter.
11) Intelligent agents are artificial devices which can solve problems, direct conduct by reasoning and which can function properly.
12)Because to build and maintain the information highway at present requires a large sum of money and a huge amount of other investment.
II .
1)He imagined that the machine could record informal communication between departments in a company but other people thought it could be used to record music.
2)Since large sums of money have been spent on an idea which is mainly in the planning stage, since great hopes have been put on such an idea, there certainly is a lot of exaggerated publicity.
3)For example, you film a video which you think has special artistic pretensions.
4)-"even for those who firmly believe in this ,it is difficult to work out the details of how it will actually function.
5) another electronic Library which has a large number of video tapes with recordings of the actual shootings and killings available in video game shops
6) It is just one step beyond passive viewing. It is still the traditional form of sitting on the couch watching.
7)ordering films which you will pay for watching and getting bills piled up by doing shopping at home paying with creditcards
8)Future programs may be the technological descendants of today's CD-ROM discs.
9)"Interactivity" for the time being may be the most used word which has little meaning but sounds impressive to outsiders while "convergence" follows "interactivity" closely in the second place in frequency.
10)At Present, politicians starting from President Clinton all the way down to lower-level officials are eager and willing to state that they are for the new medium.
11)The solution to the problem is t0 use fiber optics?
12)Digits are digits．Digits are really wonderful?
13)Try to think what the conversation would be like：“I have got a user who will suit you fine!”
14)Interactivity may widen the gap between those people or nations with relatively much wealth or rich resources and those without．those who have access to the network and those who cannot afford to use the information highway?
Ⅲ．See the translation of the text．
Ⅳ．
1)personal computer私人电脑
2)differential aptitude test鉴别能力倾向测验
3)computer aided designing计算机辅助设计
4)computer aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造
5)United Nations Development Programme联合国发展方案(联合国发展署)
6)United Nations Institute for Training and Research联合国训练研究所
7)World Health Organization世界卫生组织(联合国)
8)unidentified flying object不明飞行物，飞碟
9)International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织
10)most favored nation最惠国
11)Special Drawing Rights(国际货币基金组织的)特别提款权
12)free on board装运港船上交货
V．
1)media，bacteria，phenomena，strata
2)species，fish，deer，sheep
3)potatoes．heroes。volcanoes，tomatoes，Negroes，ghetto(e)s
4)analyses，crises，theses，geneses
5)stimuli，genii，loci，alumni
Ⅵ．
information，data，network，intelligent agent，data highway，electronic library，interactive models，fake interactive，true interactive，television cables，fiber—optic cables，a TV monitor，hard disc，compact discs，multimedia。computer—based archives，information services，programmed electronic selectors，video telephony，data transmittal，digitalization。Pulses of light，unimedia，artificial intelligence．information high—way，universal information library
Ⅶ．
1)杰出人物统治论2)类似人民党主义的主张
3)恐怖主义4)穷人，贫民
5)民族主义6)酒精中毒
7)多种文化融合论8)象征主义，象征手法
9)多元论10)唯一神教派
11)无产阶级性
ⅤⅢ．
1)院际2)洲际
3)可互相转换的4)在不同文化之间的
5)跨学科的6)异族(不同宗教、人种问)的通婚
7)间奏曲，幕间演出8)相互影响
9)相互联系10)望远镜
11)电传排字机12)电传
13)心灵感应的14)技术统治论
15)专家政治论者16)技术发展史
17)多极的18)多能的，多用途的
19)在许多州有分公司的20)大型综合性大学
21)一维的，一度的22)单方面的
23)不分男女的24)单一的，单元的，一致的
25)一年两次的26)双语的
Ⅸ．
1)competitor竞争者
2)transmitter发报者
3)receiver收件人
4)terminator(月球、星球的)明暗界线
5)inventor发明者
6)recorder录音机
7)sticker屠夫；背面有粘胶的标签
8)carrier搬运人，递送人；航空母舰．
9)creator创造者；(大写)造物主
10)conductor售票员；(乐队)指挥
11)locker(公共场所供单人存放衣帽等用的)柜，小室
12)locator定位器，探测器
13)regulator管理者；调节器
14)detector发觉者；探测器
15)synthesizer合成物
16)condenser冷凝器，电容器
17)indicator指示物，指示器
18)controller审计官；调节器
19)sensor传感器
20)selector挑选者；波段开关
X．
1)There are no tickets available for Saturday's performance，let's do something else for the weekend．
2)The dress is available in all sizes．
3)To my knowledge．this is the most practical program they have ever conceived of．
4)The children have lots of fun playing the video games．
5)The play at the theatre was very poor fun．We hardly laughed at a11．
6)Right now．“tailoring” is the buzzword in executive suites of multinational corporations．
7)The programs of the music radio successfully cater to the different types of interest and taste among the listeners of varying backgrounds．
8)Some tabloids are trying hard to cater to the low taste of some readers for the sake
of making money．
9)This oil refinery has a capacity of about one million tons of petroleum a year．
10)A stadium with a seating capacity of 80 000 is under construction．
11)It is the first time for the researchers have access to the valuable archives.
12)Only a few people had access to the details of the case.
13)The frontiers of medical science are being pushed farther onwards as time goes on.
14)The two rivals competed with each other so fiercely that they kept tabs on every move of the opponent.
15)The parents are pinning all their hopes on their son, so they've decided to send him to an expensive private school.
16)He is keen on all kinds of new things and has preference for computers.
XI.
1)Hawkins says the work-at-home market could be computer based and provide a market for teleconferencing and portable computing devices ,like the device with Newton as its name which is highly recommended by Apple chairman John Sculley.
2)The cowboys round up cattle while the consumers round up data. To avoid being overwhelmed by a large amount of incoming data ,the viewer will depend on an electronic device with coded instructions to choose from the mass of in- formation the kind of things he needs.
3)…the wires, cables or air can no longer carry such great number of signals.
4)Maes and others admit that there's a disadvantage to all these dreams.
5)Certainly these electronic devices are a precious source of valuable information.
6)If that is the situation, the best thing to do is to join in for future Changes.
XII.
prosper, constantly || being, what, computer, suite, computer-wise, artificial, that, reports || like, same, set, case, orchestrates, overall, judgment || up, best, automate, not, robots, also, automation, neurocomputers ||computerized, worth, have, 1995, way, escape, intelligence, basic, a
XIII. Omitted.
XIV.
The Impact of Science and Technology on Human Civilization Art creation is an unconquerable urge that can be found in every human culture. Ever since our ancestors finger painted on the walls of caves, the technology of art has been improving. Chisels, brushes, paints, canvas, pencils, pastels, forges, foundries ,cameras--all are the products of technology. When our species wishes to make something beautiful, it first constructs tools.
Recently, a new tool of constituting a potential revolution in the future of art has arrived: the electronic computer is able to store, access and manipulate large amounts of data and large numbers of picture elements. The field of computer art is still in its earliest stages but already displays immense promise. In principle, computers can create works recognizable
in the style of the old masters, as well as art of a kind never before imagined.
The opportunities open to gifted artists who are also expert programmers are unlimited. This is , at least so far ,an usual combination, however--perhaps because the right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is mainly responsible for the overall conceptualizations essential for art, while the left is primarily in charge of the analytic thinking necessary of programming.
In another century, the sense of incongruity that many of us feel about mixing computers with serious aft will be out of date. Creating works of art with electronic computers will be on the mainstream of the history of art and, indeed, on the mainstream of the history of humanity.
Lesson11 But What's a Dictionary For?
I .
1) the Atlantic. a "disappointment", a "shock", a "calamity", "a scandal and a disaster". the New York Times :speeding the deterioration of the language. the Journal of the American Bar Association: deplorable, a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility, a serious blow to the cause of good English. Life :a non-word deluge, monstrous, abominable, a cause for dismay.
2)The making of the dictionary involves $ 3.5 million and the efforts of three hundred scholars over a period of twenty-seven years.
3)Between the appearance of these two editions, the science of descriptive linguistics has come into being. Some of the major features of the science are: a)Atl languages are systems of human conventions, not systems of natural laws. b)Each language is unique in its pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, c)All languages are dynamic rather than static, d)"Correctness'can rest only upon usage, and all usages is relative.
4)New dictionaries are needed because English has changed more in the past two generations than at any other time in its history.
5)He uses facts to show the popular press is using the language that the Third International describes, even including the very editorials which scorn it.
6)He says many English words may be spelled and pronounced, with equal correctness, in either way.
7)Because the obvious is not necessarily easy to define.
8)Yes, it certainly has some.
Ⅱ.
1)a shameless example of irresponsibility in making the dictionary
2)What causes the abuse in the popular press?
3)Each language cannot be described according to other language, or even by its own past.
4)Every living language is in a process of constant change.
5)Even in spelling, which is so stable and hardly debatable, a dictionary cannot always decide absolutely which is right and which is wrong.
6) A dictionary should record the fact without bothering whether it can satisfy the vanity of those who use a dictionary to prove their unyielding position in an argument or help those who bet some money in support of their conviction.
7)Has the dictionary failed to do its duty?
8)Lexicography is a science and its judgment, like the judgment of God, cannot be swayed by anybody no matter what high social position he may occupy.
9)And this is also complicated, delicate, and always changing.
10)The editorial accuses the Third International of being pedantically and confusingly wordy.
Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.
IV.
1)anemia 2)anesthesia 3)behavior 4)favorite5)check 6)center 7)meter 8)defense 9)dialog 10)gram 11) program 12)modeled 13)practice14)maneuver 15)Moslem 16)fulfill
V .
1)shame, disgrace 2)speed up the lowering of the quality 3)horrible, shocking/disgusting, very bad 4)quotations 5)difference, disagreement 6)forces 7)removed, taken away/irrelevant, not essential 8) given up, neglected 9)listeners 10) wordiness 11)increase 12)removal
Vl.
1)to see sth. as 2)hoax 3)to charge 4)to set up 5)to follow 6)quotation 7)to limit 8)to record 9)current 10)distinction 11)to be the business of
Ⅶ.
1)Life regarded the dictionary being full of words that have not come to be accepted.
2)The difference...is by no means insignificant, it is basic.
3) Modern linguistics take Leonard Bloomfield's Language (1933)as its authority.
4)But if so, he has made unconsciously one of the biggest mistakes one is lia ble to make in dictionary making.
5)Anyone who tries to sort out the many meanings now included under door may have to sacrifice brevity to accuracy.
6)And, sure enough, in the definition which made the Post angry...
Ⅷ.
1)alliteration and sarcasm 2)assonance and antithesis 3)metonymy 4) metonymy5) synecdoche 6) sarcasm 7)synecdoche
IX .
1)Never has a scholarly work of this stature been attacked with such unbridled fury and contempt.
2)Is all this a fraud, a hoax?
3)The first—and essential—step in the study of any language is observing and setting down precisely what happens when native speakers speak it．
4)Change is constant—and normal．
5)But he wants—and has a right to—the truth，the full truth．
6)And this，too，is complex，subtle，and forever changing．
7)The fine print in the lease…-and the rent is computed on the number of rooms．
8)But one thing is certain：anyone who…nonsense．
Ⅹ．
1)我们已达成了协议。
2)他总是从钱的角度考虑问题。
3)谈到这个男孩时他们总是赞扬。
4)从那时起两国一直保持着友好关系。
5)你必须把这件事记在他的帐上。
6)我们把成功归于你的帮助。
7)他的父母帮他开设了律师事务所。
8)他们被大雾耽搁了。
9)工作是困难的，但你一定要坚持下去。
10)她改行搞演唱了。
Ⅺ．
1)The Garden of Harmonious Interest was modelled on a garden in Wuxi．
2)He called on the children to model themselves on the PLA heroes．
3)This work may be relegated to philosophy．
4)Benjamin Franklin was as much a scientist and an inventor as a statesman．
5)He set down all the findings of every experiment in his notebook．
6)Can you sum up the central idea of this ancient poem in plain terms?
7)We should constantly adapt our thinking to the changing conditions.
8) The young soldier was frozen to death in the snow, his hands still hanging on to the gun.
9) The said company will furnish them with lodging and transportation.
10)The speed of motor vehicles is restricted to 55 km. per hour.
11)The cable message conveyed the deepest concern of the people in the capital for those in the quake-afflicted areas.
12)What can you infer about the author from the article it-self?
13)She has a preference for classical music.
14)The teacher urges the students to use English-English dictionaries in preference to English-Chinese dictionaries.
XII .
lexicography, it, dictionary, up, language, data, lexicographer, employed, selecting, fall,
under, assembling, useful, for, their, establish, sometimes, of, changes, vocabulary, are, coinage, went, milestons, steps, that, such, listing, feet
XIII. Omitted.
ⅩⅣ.
Outline
At first, the author mentions the abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of Webster's Third New International Dictionary and asks: what underlies all this sound and fury? He doesn't answer the question at once but introduces the newly appearing science of descriptive linguistics related to the making of dictionaries. From the general findings of the new science he draws a conclusion that dictionary is good only insofar as it is a comprehensive and accurate description of current usage. Then by citing facts he points out that the English language has changed a lot since the birth of the Second International, and the popular press vehemently attacking the Third International uses many words only to be found in it. Therefore it is necessary to have a new dictionary to respond to and record the changing language. At last, he states though there is room for improvement in the Third International, it is wise and practical to use the Third instead of the Second.
Lesson12 The Loons
I .
1)The Tonnerres were poor The basis of their dwelling was a small square cabin made of poles and mud, which had been built some fifty years before. As the Tonnerres had increased in number, their settlement had been added, until thc clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos of lean-tos, wooden packing cases, warped lumber, discarded car tyres, ramshackle chicken coops, tangled strands of barbed wire and rusty tin cans.
2)Sometimes, one of them would get involved in a fight on Main Street and be put for the night in the barred cell underneath the Court House.
3)Because she had had tuberculosis of the bone, and should have a couple of months rest to get better.
4)Her mother first objected to take Piquette along because she was afraid that the g irl would spread the disease to her children and she believed that the girl was not hygienic. She then agreed to do so because she preferred Piquette to the narrator's grandmother, who promised not to go along with the family and decided to stay in the city if the girl was taken along.
5)The cottage was called Macleod, their family name. The scenery there was quite beautiful with all kinds of plants and animals at the lakeside.
6)The narrator knew that maybe Piquette was an Indian descendant who knew the woods quite well, so she tried to ask Piquette to go and play in the wood and tell her stories about woods.
7)Because Piquette thought the narrator was scorning and showing contempt for her Indian ancestors, which was just opposite to her original intention.
8)Because the narrator felt somewhat guilty. Piquette stayed most of the time in the
cottage and hardly played with the narrator. At the same time, she felt there was in Piquette something strange and unknown and unfathomable.
9)That was the very rare chance she was unguarded and unmasked, so that the author could perceive her inner world.
10)Her full name is Vanessa Macleod.
11)Just as the narrator's father predicted, the loons would go away when more cottages were built at the lake with more people moving in. The loons disappeared as nature was ruined by civilization. In a similar way, Piquette and her people failed to find their position in modern society.
Ⅱ.
1)who looked deadly serious, never laughed
2)Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get involved in a rough, noisy quarrel or fight on a Saturday night after much drinking of liquor.
3)She often missed her classes and had little interest in schoolwork.
4)I only knew her as a person who would make other people feel ill at ease.
5)She lived and moved somewhere within my range of sight (Although I saw her, I paid little attention to her).
6)If my mother had to make a choice between Grandmother Macleod and Piquette, she would certainly choose the latter without hesitation, no matter whether the latter had nits or not.
7)Normally, she was a defensive person, and her face was guarded as if it was wearing a mask. But when she was saying this, there was an expression of challenge on her face, which, for a brief moment, became unguarded and unmasked. And in her eyes there was a kind of hope which was so intense that it filled people with terror.
8)She looked a mess, to tell you the truth; she was a dirty, untidy woman, dressed in a very careless way.
9)She was brought in court several times, because she was drunk and disorderly as one could expect.
III. See the translation of the text.
IV.
1)-ious: religious, rebellious, furious, obvious, conscientious
2)-ible: edible, eligible, visible, resistible, sensible
3)-able：separable，passable，standable manageable，readable，under-
4)-1y：manly，godly，deadly，motherly，monthly
5)-ive：sensitive，objective，decisive，aggressive，retrospective
6)-ul：beautiful，careful，lawful，handful，joyful
7)-less：soundless，meaningless，merciless，restless powerless
8)-y：dirty，healthy，sticky，showy，cloudy
9)-al：personal，national，conventional，traditional，hysterical
10)-ar：singular，polar，circular，similar，familiar．
Ⅴ.
1)walk in limping manner一瘸一拐地走路
2)presence that causes embarrassment令人尴尬的人(或事)
3)eyes that do not smile不会笑的眼睛
4)a sound that ululates哀鸣
5)mockery that chills令人发冷的嘲笑
6)a birch log that is burning还在燃烧的白桦圆木
7)hope that terrifies令人生畏的希望
8)a resort that flourishes繁华的度假胜地
9)odours that penetrate强烈的气味
10)lumber that is warped弯曲的木材
11)car tyres that are discarded被人扔掉的汽车轮胎
12)strands of barbed wire that are tangled together，wire that are barbed搅成一团团的铁丝网
13)wild strawberries that are bruised表皮被擦伤的野草莓
14)a tree trunk that has been fallen伐倒的树干
15)shoppers who are offended被得罪的顾客
16)call that is drawn out for a long time拖长音的呜叫声
Ⅵ．
the water glistening greenly as the sun caught it；
All around the cottage were ferns…on the thin hairy stems；
two grey squirrels gossiping from the tall spruce beside the cottage，beach；
icy water；
at night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon…：
and flew out onto the dark still surface of the water：
there was no wind that evening…spearing through the stillness across the lake；
etc．
Ⅶ．
1)a rough and noisy quarrel or fight
2)very much
3)I'm absolutely sure
4)Why is that important? Why should I care?
5)1 am not supposed to walk unless it is necessary．
6)things like that
7)what exactly
8)Are you crazy or what? My father and I and the others
9)first—class，fine name
lO)excellent
Ⅷ．
1)grabbed 2)lure 3)stifled 4)howling 5)swung 6)
thrashed 7)teetered 8)squawking even once 9)squashed lO)scrambled 11)flickered
Ⅸ．
1)shack指胡乱搭盖的、简陋的小屋；home尤其指一个或长或短的住处，并与此地有着感情和忠诚的紧密个人联系。
2)bad words指有教养的人不讲的话；obscenities指令人讨厌的脏话。
3)miraculously意为“神奇地”，“奇迹般地”；strangely enough 意为“特别奇怪地”，强调了“奇怪”的程度。
4)cottage指乡村或旅游胜地的小屋；villa指用于避暑消闲的阔气的乡间别墅。
5)meticulously指过于细心，太拘小节；carefully有精细彻底或辛勤努力地的意思，表示以小心谨慎陶行为来避免错误的出现；curious hands为转换修辞用法，实际上不指手，而指那个小孩好奇；strange—looking意为“奇怪的样子”，指人的表情、外表看上去奇特或奇怪。
6)sullen意为“愠怒的”、“赌气的”；unhappy是常用词，表示“不高兴的”。
7)respectfully指满怀敬意地；respectably指值得尊敬地。
8)rebuff表示断然拒绝；refusal意为不能照办或不能做某事，其“拒绝”的语气强，常强调态度坚决，有时甚至是粗鲁无礼。
9)path这里是指一长道反射的月光；reflection意为“反射”或“被反射”，尤指镜中或静水中之映像。
10)suspect意指认为某事可能存在或发生，近于猜想；doubt 则指怀疑，不相信。
11)respond意为“反应”，不仅表现在语言上，还指作出积极的行动；reply指对提出的问题或要求，经过认真考虑后，通过书面、口头或某种行动的方式作正式的答复或回答。
12)astounded指非常惊讶；surprised语气稍轻一些。
13)conventional指与正式的标准或原则相符或被其接受；traditional指跟传统一致的；reject表示拒绝同意、承认或相信；resent指对人或事感到不快或气愤。
14)settlement指一小块或孤立的居住区；smell是常用词，指气味，香臭不论；odour 常指较浓的、易察觉或辨别的气味，如chemical odours。
X．
1)What about cycling to the Fragrant Hills?
2)Only after her mother's death did the daughter realize that she was beginning to understand her mother．
3)She is a quiet person who does not enjoy other's company．
4)Seeing the funny look on his face．she could not help bursting into laughter．
5)The money does not belong to him．He borrowed it from a friend．
6)The second generation of immigrants are stiIl marginalized，belonging neither among the white society，nor among the Chinese Amarican community．
7)The Amarican couple put him up on the sofa in the living room for the night．
8)She opened her mouth but said nothing．Her mouth was round as though she wanted to sing a song．
9)He asked me how to set about learning a second foreign language．
10)This decree ceased to be effective last year．
11)This important news failed to find its way into the news paper．
12)I had trouble in making him change his mind．
Ⅺ．
occupants，annihilated，from，year，massacre，place，great，assassinated，pay，remaining，refuge，children，cavalry，overlooking，turn，fired，loose，tepees，over，original，children，who，hit，since，few
XII．Omitted．
ⅩⅢ．
My Childhood
I was born in a small village and my whole childhood was spent there．At that time, the countryside was poor and few families could afford a black—and—white television，let alone a colour TV．Fortunately，there was a film projection team in our people’s commune and it added to the happiness of my child—hood．
I became fascinated with films without my knowing it，and seeing a film became one of my major funs after schoo1．There was not a film On every day．Generally I would feel satisfied with one film every two or three weeks，though it was often reprojected in different villages．1 was happiest when my own village had a film on. Once the news came to me，I got excited，my spirits raised．Surely I would go to the place where the film was to be on after school in the afternoon．1 was very pleased when l saw two deep holes dug，two long poles erected，and the screen hung high between the poles．After an early supper，I would carry along bench and occupy a better position，usually near the place in which the projector was to be，because it was also fun watching how the machine and tape worked．1 was not always SO lucky to get an ideal place，particularly when I toured with my elders to see a film in villages far away，as far as four or five Li on occasions．If I had classmates there，1 would be a little luckier since I had asked them to get a bench ready for me．Otherwise，I had to sit right under the screen，or if I chose，see the firm behind the screen．However，no matter where I found myself；I enjoyed seeing a film．Seeing a film in the open air was one of the major means of entertainment during my childhood．An old story as it is，I keep a place for it in my heart all the time．
Lesson13 Britannia Rues the Waves
I .
1)Britain is sorry that she has lost her dominance on the high seas. Britain was proud of being the lord of the sea for along time, but now she regrets that she no longer enjoys a naval supremacy.
2)Shipping is a major successful industry in Britain because it makes over ￡l 000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings, which is of vital importance for the country. The reasons for the success are that the British ship-owners have put in big investment and that there has been a conference fixing prices to avoid cut-throat competition.
3)The stiff foreign competition comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries who are massively expanding their merchant navies and doing their best to step into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western
shipping companies, and from the merchant fleets of the developing countries, who are struggling to take over a big share of the trade between Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far East-routes over which Britain used to have a total dominance.
4)A "conference" is in fact a cartel, whose role is to fix prices for all the member nations and companies. 5)The oil-tanker fleets.
6)Because freight liners carry all sorts of different cargoes, so if there is a slump in" one particular industry, they may depend on others and survive.
7)The Third World countries regard a merchant navy as a symbol of their national power and have expanded their fleets at an incredible rate. Yes, they are.
8)They turn to high-technology investment. Yes, they are for the time being.
9)On one hand, Russia wants to earn hard currencies, on the other, a deeper motive is that it desires to increase its sphere of influence in the world.
10)The major problems are the Soviet Union's massive expansion of its merchant navy and undercutting of Western shipping companies, and UNCTAD, which guarantees the developing countries a major slice of the shipping trade. The problems also show that the capitalist world is divided rather than united as one.
Ⅱ.
1)cutting their way into the international shipping trade by charging much less freight rate than the Western shipping companies
2)who are determined to take the biggest share of the trade
3)Britain has important interests in these trade routes.
4) They make it more difficult to make a large amount of money when economic conditions are favorable.
5)But they make it easier to survive when economic conditions are unfavorable.
6)More and more oil tankers the world over lay idle.
7)Much of the fleet carries goods between foreign countries.
8)British companies are doing much business on the line between Japan and Australia.
9)Developing countries consider a merchant navy very important because it is a sign of their economic power, so after they have set up a national airline, the next thing they would like to have is a merchant fleet.
10)Neither the growth in Russia's trade nor that in world trade would demand such a rapid development of Russia's cargo-liner fleet.
11)These ships would certainly make it possible for she Soviet Union to exert its influence on countries far away from its territory.
12)When these smaller shipping companies go bankrupt, a big part of the few old industries that have been doing well and earning huge profits will close down.
Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.
IV.
1)NATO--North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织(北约)
2)OAS—Organization of American States美洲国家组织
3)OAU—Organization of African Unity非洲统一组织(非统)
4)ASEAN—Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟(东盟)
5)OPEC—Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织
6)SALT—Strategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈
7)UNESCO—United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization联合国教科文组织
8)M．I．T．-Massachusetts Institute of T echnology麻省理工学院
9)BBC—British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司
10)V．I．P．-very important person重要人物
11)GMT—Greenwich mean time格林威治平均时
12)GNP—gross national product国民生产总值
13)KGB—Komite Gossudarstvennoi Bezopastnosti(Committee of State Security)国家安全委员会(克格勃)(苏联)
14)ICBM—inter—continental ballistic missile洲际弹道导弹
15)radar—radio detecting and ranging雷达
16)laser—light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation激光
V．
1)the sea and shipping：merchant navy，merchant fleet, sea routes,the high seas，tonnage，ship—owners，shipping companies．merchant ships，shipping managers，sailing-ships．steam-ships，shipowners，shipping conference, shipbuilding boom．shipping industry，oil-tanker fleet, charter rates，tankers，bulk carriers，dry cargo，bulk—carrier fleet．shipping sectors，freight—liner services，liner— freight vessels，agreed routes，ports, shipment, liner ship，freight rate，cargo—liner fleet，sea—lanes，shipping fleet，shipping lines．
2)economy and trade：foreign exchange，balance of payments，in deficit，shipping trade，undercut，invest，grant．tax concessions，competition，oil prices，depression。crisis，demand，slump，bankruptcy，customer，manufactured goods，cross—traders，profitable，foreign currency．high—technology investment，investment，container service, warehouse，a code number，trading partners。revenue，liner trade，seaborne trade，profit，hard currency．imports，payment，trading ties，international business
Ⅵ．
1)grab the headlines 2)were being elbowed out 3)the lion's share 4)cash in on 5)made a big killing 6)having weathered7)is around the corner 8)the pinch of poverty 9)big lO)throw in the towel 11)made up 12)a slump
Ⅶ．
1)peril常暗指近在眼前的危险，而且很可能造成损失或伤害；danger是常用词，表示危险，但不一定迫在眉睫或不可避免。
2)grants指补贴给的钱；loans指借的钱。
3)sophisticated指不仅现代而且复杂，含有高精尖端技术等意；modern按时间划分，包括现在的和刚刚过去的，时间跨度可能相当长，也可能很短。
4)ruin意为“毁灭”；affect仅指产生不良影响。
5)depression指(经济)萧条；crisis指(经济)危机，比前者严重得多。
6)influence常用以表示无形的力量，指看不见的影响；affec常指看得到的影响。
7)lease指租赁，租借；charter是包租。
8)ratify指正式批准；pass指一般的通过。
9)invention指首次发明的东西；discovery指原本存在，现被发现的东西。
10)ability 能力。指能力，常常指能把事情干好；capability指潜在的。
Ⅷ．
1)mercantile 2)fleet，shipping，marine 3)significant，key 4)ships 5)vital 6)freight 7)slump 8)grow, increase 9)lines 10)plus 11)to drive 12)coordinated
Ⅸ．
1)Oil is considered the lifeline of industry．
2)The Soviet Union has already carved its way into the trade with the African countries．
3)The recession is biting deeply into the auto industry.
4)They tried to cash in on the internal conflict of the country．
5)Admiral Jellicoe said that if something was not done promptly to stop the losses，the Allies would have to throw in the towel before the end of the year．
6)They were elbowed out 0f the competition.
7)Big trouble lies just around the corner．
8)Officials insist that the country will be able to weather the boycott．
X．
1)Oil is the vital lifeline of the national economy in many Middle Eastern countries．
2)The Third World countries are bent on developing their industries independently．
3)Some Western countries were afraid that the oil—producing countries would drive them out of business by undercutting them．
4)The British government promised to put up the money needed to solve the problem 0f unemployment．
5)Saudi Arabia’s proved reserves of on are by far th e greatest in the world．
6)The Chinese people stood the test of the Cultural Revolution．
7)These veteran soldiers have all weathered the test of many battles during the Second World War.
8)We are still a long way from the goal of the four modernizations.
9) Many scientists and technicians are out to learn foreign languages so as to be able to read first-hand reference materials.
ll)A new telegraph building will be completed and put into service soon.
12)Iraq's expansionism was under attack from the press all over the World.
13)The military expenditures of that country increase at a rate of 4% to 5% every year.
XI.
first, were, perhaps, thousand, the, Navy, coal, in, switch, which, all, to, of, tons
||growth, automobile, wars, surge, these, and, determined, by, shortest, oil, East, western || closure, following, Egypt, after, 1967, a, known, crude
XII. Omitted.
ⅫⅠ.
The Shipping Industry in China
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China is1949, its shipping industry has witnessed an enormous expansion.
In the last thirty years and more, the shippment of passengers and freight has increased by over 1600%, passenger turnover by over nine times, and freight turnover by round about ninety times. The total tonnage of ships and barges has risen by over fifty times, and the volume of freight handled at ports and harbours both along the coastline and on the Yangtze River has become more than twenty times larger. As for navigational engineering, ships and harbours, machine-production industry, communications navigation, shippment monitoring, succouring and salvaging, and the research and education involved, all these sectors have developed at a rapid rate. In the total volume of freight turnover of all means of transportation, the shipping industry ac-counts for over 40% in the early 1980s, which is high above its share of less than 20% in the 1950s. As for the foreign trade freight, the shipping industry is also playing a more and more important role.
At present, China' s merchant navy is capable of arriving at more than 400 ports in the world. China has built up a relatively massive shipping system.
Lesson14 Argentia Bay
I.
1)The President was actually referring to the national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner.
2)See Note 20 and Exercise IX. 1)
3) Admiral King ordered him to put himself at Mr. Harry Hopkins' service and the President wanted to meet Mr. Harry Hopkins before Churchill came to call.
4)Hopkins' estimate was that the Russians would hold. The Soviet Union needed anti-aircraft guns most. He was for , assisting the Soviet Union.
5)No, they didn't. Churchill thought that if U. S. helped Russia, it would hurt itself soon. Roosevelt thought the U. S. would help Russia to defeat the Germans because Hitler was threatening the world peace and he must be destroyed.
6)According to the author, Roosevelt was Number One Man.
7)The major problems were. excessive and contradictory requests from the British services, unreal plans, unfilled contracts, jumbled priorities, and fouled communications. Building new ships to replace U-boat sinkings came first, because no war material could be used against Hitler until it had crossed the ocean.
8)Their immediate need was a hundred fifty thousand rifles. These r ifles were not as expensive and unavailable as ships, airplanes, tanks, and men.
9)Burne-Wilke wanted to have a word with him. The British asked for two destroyers to
高级英语第三版课后答案整理
Lesson 1 Question: 1. Why did John Koshak decide to stay although he knew the hurricane would be bad? For the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level; for another,he was unwilling to abandon his home. 2. How did the man prepare for the hurricane? Why was a generator necessary? They filled bathtubs and pails. Besides, they checked out batteries for portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. A generator was necessary because John's father wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator. 3. What made it impossible for the Koshak to escape? It was impossible for the Koshers to escape both by car and on foot. The car's electrical system had been killed by water. Meanwhile, the water became too deep for them to escape on foot. 4. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? Because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and then endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee safer inland. 5. Why did Grandma Koshak ask children to be sing? A: Because she knew how frightened the children were and wanted to boost their spirit. 6. What was a hurricane party? What happened to the party gores? A hurricane party was the one that was held by several vacationers to enjoy the spectacle of the hurricane with a clear and broad view in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they believed they would be safe. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart by the hurricane and 26 people perished. 7. What did Grandma Koshak mean when she said," We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important?" She meant that human lives are more important than material possessions. 8. How did the community of Gulfport act after Hurricane Camille was over? They managed to make their lives return to normal and began rebuilding their community without any delay. Paraphrase: 1. We're elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator, and it didn't work. As a result, the lights were put out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars. 6. The electrical system had been killed by water. The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he b
大学英语1教材答案
Unit 1 Vocabulary 1.F ill in the gaps with words……. 1). Respectable 2).agony 3).put down 4).sequence 5).hold back 6).distribute 7).off and on 8).vivid 9).associate 10).finally 11).turn in/out 12).tackle 2. Rewrite each sentence…… 1)…has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)….was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)….a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. 4)….gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 3. Complete the sentences… 1).reputation; rigid; to inspire 2).and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3).compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱ. Synonyms in Context
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b37797071.html,posed 2.severe 3.agony 4.extraordinary 5.recall https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b37797071.html,mand 7.was violating 8.anticipate Ⅲ.Collocation 1.at 2.for 3.of 4.with 5.as 6.about 7.to 8.in; in 9.from 10.on/upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ.Cloze Text-related (1).hold back (2).tedious (3).scanned (4).recall (5).vivid (6).off and on (7).turn out/in (8).career Theme-related (1).last (2).surprise (3).pull (4).blowing (5). dressed (6).scene (7).extraordinary (8).image (9).turn (10).excitement Ⅱ.Translation 1.A s it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.H is girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took
大学英语第一册课后习题答案
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Unit1 1.An inblance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics 贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾 2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune,if they are poor and meek,they eventually will inherit the earth 他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人 3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy?s not their bedroom 热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房 4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.and so is in economic life.It?s merely the working out of the a law of the nature and a law of god 美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用 5.(it has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业 6.There is~~no form of oppression that is quiet so great,no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive,as that which come from having no money at all 没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底 7.Freedom we rightly cherish,cherishing it,we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need 我们珍惜自由式对的。正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由 8.Whether they be in Erhiopa,the south bronx,or even in such an Elysium as LosAngeles,we resolve to keep them off our minds 不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心 9~~he is enjoy, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles. 如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b37797071.html,passion , along with the association public effort is the least comfortable.the least convenient course of behavior and action in our time同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为何行动方针 Unit2 1.It was an idyllic life ,and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small town could afford 这是一种田园式的生活，我们和亲戚住的很近，享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒服和安全 2.But papa was a man of enterprise,he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off the southwest coast of the sate were rich in soil for crops and in game for food 但父亲是一个很有上进心的人，他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发，那儿土壤肥沃，适于耕种，而且猎物充足，不必担心食物来源 3.This third day out,and the days to come,found us in the unsettled wilds of florida 出发后的第三天以及以后的日子里，我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行 4.Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons,constantly unrolling,and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids 水里的水草就像绿色的丝带不断地伸展开来，野兰花一簇一簇地挂满了枝头 5.The burly arms of oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.Redbirds,tanagers and painted buntings flew back and forth across the trail,leaving a child with the impression that the woods were tossing with jewels