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定语从句讲与练

一、定语的概念：

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：

(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)

a beautiful girl （）three boys （） a shoe factory （）

Jim’s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （）the man standing at the door （）the man who is talking with Sam （）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

2. 定语从句的主要特征：

（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；

（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；

（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”

三、定语从句的基本用法：

定语从句的引导词关系

代词

关系

副词

指人

指物

who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，

that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)

that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)

whose(定语)

where (地点状语)

when (时间状语)

why (原因状语)

（一）关系代词引导的定语从句

1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 分析：关系词who 在从句中作主语。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。You needn’t talk to the people who you don’t like talking to. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：关系词_____ 在从句中作________。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。

分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 分析：关系词____在从句中作________ He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：_________________________________ 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。

I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：关系词_________ 在从句中作________。

We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_________________________

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.＝The classroom the door of which is broken

will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?＝Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词＝___________________________

4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：关系词______在从句中作________。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 译成汉语:____________________

分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. 分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 译成汉语：___________________________

分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也

没有。分析：关系词__________ 在从句中作________。

5．that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

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