长句理解和翻译

长句理解和翻译

Unit 5

1.Taking a book off the shelf he soon found himself absorbed, not by the words of the book, but

by the notes penciled in the margin.

2.Suppose I’m beautiful, I’d always be haunted by the feeling that you had been taking a chance

of just that, and that kind of love would disgust me.

3.So, at 7:00 p.m. he was in the station looking for a girl who had filled with such a special

place in his life for the past 12 months, a girl he had never seen, yet whose written words had been with him and sustained him unfailingly.

4.Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime

come alive.

5.I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was

my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own.

6.I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I

spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment.

7.The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive.

Unit 6

1.Over the years, I have written extensively about animal-intelligence experiments and the

controversy that surrounds them.

2.Wondering whether there might be beter ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments

designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think, they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.

3.Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it, and the lack of it, every day.

4.The stories they tell us reveal what I’m convinced is a new window on animal intelligence:

the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet—humans.

5.Behaviorists would say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest todo so.

6.If life is about survival of a species—and intelligence is meant to serve that survival—then we

can’t compare with pea-brained sea turtles, which were here long before us and survived that disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs.

7.Still, it is comforting to realize that other species besides our own can stand back and assess

the world around them, even if their horizons are more limited than ours.

另外，Unit 5 和Unit 6两课练习后面的翻译（Translation）部分也要认真复习。

练习里面的句子也要多读多记。

高中阅读长句分析与翻译

句子分析（初级） 1. However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. 2. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising. 3. At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. 4. The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing. 5. Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted. 6. Whereas a woman’s closest femal e friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 7. If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror. 8. When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters. 9. What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation(移植). 10. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”. 11. The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious(怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day befo re New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face ... 12. At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey

英语阅读中长句子的理解和翻译

英语阅读中长句子的理解和翻译 Part I 难句子的分类辨析 一，定语从句 定语从句的修饰对象一直是阅读中经常遇到而难以把握的问题，定语从句的关系词究竟修饰上文中的哪个单词，短语或者句子一要靠语法知识，二要根据上下文进行逻辑判断。 定语从句有限定和非限定性之分。前者是主句意义中不可缺少的一部分，后者主要是对主句起附加说明的作用。 例句： 1，Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimul i which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 该句子的主干结构是Behaviorists suggest that…will experience…development 2,Thus, the unity that characterize the strong educational system is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth 3, The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by the media, seems to be that judicial decisions unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence and law, will slow or change social direction 这是个并列句，由and 连接。 二，倒装句 为了强调句子的某个部分，或为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻，英语长采用倒装的方法。倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。 1，Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. 与日益增加的信息量相提并论的是使一下情况得以实现的技术的发展，即空前快速 的储存和传送更多的信息到更多的地点。 2，The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births 这句话由于宾语U.S. advice 后面跟了较长的成分（定语to poor countries和同位语 they restrain their births，所以将宾语的补语unconvincing前置到了宾语的前面，其 正常语序应该是made U.S. advice unconvincing。 战后在美国出现的婴儿潮使得美国向贫穷国家提出的节制生育的意见显的苍白无 力。 3，Into this area of industry came millions of Europeans who made of it what became known as the “melting pot”, the fusion of people from many nations into Americans. Make A of B ,意思为使B 成为A ; Make A B, 意思为使A成为B，注意二者区别。 此句中首先是Into this area of industry came millions of Europeans倒装，正常语序为 millions of Europeans came into this area of industry, 其次是made of it 的倒装，正常语序是made what became known as the “melting pot” （A）of it(B), it 指工业区 数以百万计的欧洲人来到这个工业区，使它成为人所共知的“熔炉”，将来自各国 的人融合为美国人。

大学英语四级长句翻译方法及技巧

第19卷第12期 武汉科技学院学报Vol.19 No.12 2006年12月 JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Dec. 2006 英语长句翻译方法及技巧 张艳萍 (湛江师范学院大学外语部, 广东湛江 524048) 摘要：英语长句翻译是英语学习中的一个难点,本文从英汉语言对比的角度，探讨了英汉两种语言的 差异，进一步分析了两种语言长句的特点,概述了英语长句的常用的四种翻译方法，并举例分析了这些 方法在实际中的运用。 关键词：英汉长句；差异；翻译；技巧 中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009－5160(2006)－0200－04 我们在英语教学过程中，往往会发现学生在汉译英时出现中国式英语，英译汉时句子却“西化”。究其原因我认为这主要是因为英语和汉语来自两种完全不同的文化语言体系，语序差别甚大，尤其遇到复杂长句，除了需要较强的对比分析理解能力外，还要求我们掌握一定的翻译理论和技巧以及具备较好的语言表达能力。为此，本人结合自己的英语教学实际，拟从英汉语言对比的角度来对英语长句的翻译问题作些探讨。 1 英汉句子结构的差异 人类语言的多样性，使翻译成为人类交流的重要媒介。同时，由于不同语言体系的差异，在英汉翻译里，英语和汉语会在句法结构、内在逻辑关系存在着明显差异： （1）英语句子重形合，汉语句子重意合。汉语注重隐性连贯注重逻辑事理顺序、注重功能、意义，注重以神统形，形合手段比英语少得多，没有英语所常用的那些关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词。并且汉语介词数量少，句式结构上也无太多的限制，可以利用说话的语气、环境及语言结构内部的相互衬托等条件使语句尽量辞约义丰。所以汉语是一种必须联系交际人主体意识、语言环境、句子表达功能作动态的意念分析的重“意合”的语言，是有别于英语句子重“形合”，试看下面句子： 例1：My idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up. 译文：说到一节好的体育课，我的想法是青年在体育课中至少要进行20分钟使他们心跳加快的基本运动。 这是一个典型的重形合的英语句子，全句用两个关系代词将两个定语从句联系起来，在译文中，将关系一层层理清楚，整句语气从容不迫，这就符合了汉语的叙事方法。 例2：不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。 译文1：If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 原文中的假设关系是隐含的，译成英语时用连词if把假设关系给表达出来，从这一例句可以看出英语重形合而汉语重意合的句子特点。 译文2：Who never consults an old man may suffer loss. 此句用名词性从句来翻译，同样体现了英汉两种语言在“形”和“意”上的区别。 （2）汉语通常根据时间顺序逐个翻译，而英语则较注重空间顺序。 汉语句中可常见两个以上的动词，甚至几乎全句皆动词。如：孩子们手里拿着老师给他们的礼物，唱着、 收稿日期：2006-09-17 作者简介：张艳萍（1978- ），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：英语翻译.

翻译技巧英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧

英文合同中简单长句的翻译技巧 英文合同中使用的大量长句，主要分为三大类：简单长句、复合长句和并列长句。在翻译这些长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系，然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分。最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。今天我们就先说一下简单长句和并列长句的翻译。 简单长句及其翻译 在翻译英文商务合同中的简单长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系；然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻译时以句子的主干为主导；最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。下面举三个简单长句翻译的例子来说明： 1．The Buyers may， within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination， lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspecti on Certificate issued by areputable public surveyor. 这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers may…lodge a claim…。 修饰谓语动词的状语有三个， a.分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination b.方式 being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public survey or和 c.目的for short-weight 而且状语中还有状语，作定语的分词issued还有自己的状语 by a reputable public surveyor。 众多状语，尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活，然而按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前；而有些状语在译文中可以灵活处理，例如本句中的时间状语，可以提前至句首。因此，上句可译成：货物抵达目的港15天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。 2. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract，the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by openin g an irrevocable L/C for the fullamount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller t hrough a bank at export port. 此句的主干为…the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price…to the Seller，其中含有一个时间状语 within30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。

翻译实践心得体会

笔译实践 院系名称：外语学院 专业年级:英语ｆ１101 姓名:王欢 学号:201１190102０９ 心得体会 在做这次笔译实践题目之前，关于笔译我是完全不了解的。在我的感觉中笔译相对于口译而言应该算是比较简单的，但是在做完全部题目之后我就彻底改变了原有的这种认知，原来看起来简单的事情并不定就像表象上呈现出的那样容易做到。表面看来笔译能够看着文本逐字逐句翻译，貌似很简单,只要把文本内容真实的翻译出来就可以达到要求了。实际上则不然。这学期我们有一门专业课就是关于英汉翻译的。课堂上老师曾经讲述过关于翻译的历史、理论、要求等一系列相关知识，所以在简单翻阅这次翻译之后,我觉得看似简单的题目确实需要投入大量的精力才能较好地完成任务。在翻译过程中我发觉自己存在以下几点问题: 1、对某些专业术语了解甚少。例如第一篇ｔhｅ hiｇh－tｅch student中出现的gophｅr ｐrograｍ,generｉc2ｄatａbaｓe,moby dick，等等，类似这样的词汇我就需要上网查阅相关资料才能进而推测了解作者想要借此来表达怎样的意思。再如a roller-coaster rｉde in the stock market中，关于股市的一些专用名词，doｗand naｓdaq,cnｂｃ等也是这样。 ２、对统计数字的描述能力较差。如何用不同的描述性词汇来体现数字的增长和下降及其各自升降的幅度，如何准确把握那些不同用词之间细微的差别,较好地描述数字变化,这对我来说是比较困难的。此次翻译题目中出现的仅仅只是一些已经被数字化的统计数据,但是要用合适的词汇来体现尚且不简单,倘若是给出ｂar chart, ｐie cｈart， lineｃｈart等这一类图标来自行描述其内容，就会更加困难了。题目中出现数字最多的莫过于描述汶川大地震的这一部分了。各种数字，表示年月的,表示伤亡人数、经济损失的,以及各个地区经济损失所占的不同比例，这对我来说无疑是亟待加强训练的部分。 3、关于某些长句翻译起来较困难。长句出现最多的就是最后一篇题目描述“我”的文本。这片文章涉及不同领域大家的杰出作品及其艺术特色，各式各类的建筑，建筑中体现出的精湛的技巧,还有各种被写入经典的景物,所有的描写都交织在一起，翻译起来很容易找不到方便。摸不清头绪，到底哪里才是开始,应该如何结束。在翻译课上老师曾经说过长句的翻译技巧，要先根据谓语动词进行切分,之后再根据逻辑顺序进行重新组合，之后才能慢慢进行翻译,听起来就很繁琐的程序。我一直在试着这样做，却发现这要求太难达到了,而且每次被提问翻译总是被说翻译的一塌糊涂。关于长句，我可能还要经历一段很艰难的路程。 虽然完成所有题目有点困难,但是我觉得收获还是很不小的。这是第一次这么耐心的昨晚这么多翻译题目，最大的感触就是那些翻译工作者们真的是好辛苦,之前还以为翻译是我们英

汉译英句子翻译原则

1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法： ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2：我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. ?例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单

?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道，句式多样 ?例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1（直接法）：At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2（间接法）：The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1：In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2：China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9：胎又瘪了。 ?译法1：We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2：Our tire is flat again. ?例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 ?译法1：It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2：We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。 ?③增补法 ?推敲语境 ?考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

汉语长句的翻译

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