主语与谓语动词地一致

主语与谓语动词的一致

沛县湖西中学鹿俊先221611

英语谓语动词的形式必须随其主语的人称及数的不同而变化，这就叫作主语与谓语动词的一致，简称主谓一致。

在现代英语中除动词be有不同的人称形式(am, is, are, was, were)以及动词have有特殊的单数第三人称现在式形式(has)外，其余的动词只有单数第三人称现在式形式加-s / -es，其他形式则无区别。因此对于学习者而言，主谓一致问题主要是注意单数第三人称现在式动词形式加-s / -es的问题。处理主谓一致问题可依照不同的原则，即从不同的角度着眼。以下对这些原则及容易产生困惑之处加以分析、归纳。

1．语法一致，即主语为单数，就使用单数形式的动词，主语为复数，就使用复数形式的动词。

1．1．单数及复数名词的辨别。

某些名词单数词尾，却用作复数，如：people (人们), police, cattle, poultry （家禽）等。

People have the right to defend themselves.

The police are investigating the murder of a six-year-old girl.

The poultry have been fed.

某些名词复数词尾，却常用作单数，如：news, mathematics / maths, physics, politics等。

Mathematics / Maths（数学学科）is the science of pure quantity.

(Her mathematics / maths（数学能力）are / is rather shaky.)

The news is favourable this morning.

某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是单数词尾，如：fish, sheep, deer, craft, Chinese, Swiss等。

In summer the red dear has a reddishbrown coat.

A baby deer is able to stand up as soon as it is born.

Baby deer are able to stand up as soon as they are born.

某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是复数词尾，如：means (=way), works (=factory), crossroads, series, species, barracks, headquarters 等。

All means have been tried.

Every means has been tried.

1．2．避免主语的同位语及其它修饰语语义上的干扰。

容易产生干扰的同位语：each, one of…, like …, such as…, including…, especially…, particularly…, for example,…等。

Some rubbish, such as / like food and paper, rots away over a period of time.

Practical lessons, such as / like woodwork, are not considered to be as important as maths.

We each have a different point of view. (each作同位语)

对照：Each of the houses is slightly different.(each作主语)

Many students in our class, especially David, are fond of music.

Playing football, one of his hobbies, has brought him many friends.

常见容易产生干扰的前置修饰语：more than one, many a, every以及被

同化为相当于many / much / most意义的口语中常用短语：a lot of, lots of, a (great / good / large) number of, a great / good deal of, the majority of, a large quantity of等。正式书面语中的large quantities of…的谓语动词为复数形式。

A lot of / Lots of problems are caused by unemployment.

A lot of / Lots of trouble is caused by racism.

Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.

对照：Many famous pop stars have been ruined by drugs.

The majority of the damage is easy to repair.

A /The majority of criminals are non-violent.

对照：The majority was /were in favour of the proposal.

A (large) number of books have been stolen from the library.

对照：The number of my telephone is 62239988.

The number of students in the school is large.（以上两句中的The number的意义分别是、数量）

Large quantities of oil have been discovered in that area.

常见容易产生干扰的后置修饰语：with…, together with…, along with…, as well as…, but / except…, besides…, in addition to…, apart from…, other than…, instead of…, rather than…, like…, unlike…,等。在one / two/ some / much /…（表示部分）+of the…（表示整体）的结构中of the…属于后置修饰语。数学中运算方式的表达也存在这类修饰语问题。

Peter, rather than his children, is to blame for the accident.

The children, rather than their father, are to blame for the accident.

The Minister, as well as / as much as the trades unions,is responsible for the present impasse.

He, like / unlike his brothers, is interested in reading.

Nobody but / except/ apart from a few teachers knows about it.

A library with a great many books was given to the state.

Professor Smith, along with his assistants, is working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

One of my ear rings is lost.

30 divided by 6 is / equals 5.

1．3．不定代词everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something 作主语视为单数。

Everyone thinks it wrong.

neither / none或neither / none of+复数代词或复数名词作主语，正式英语中按语法一致的原则，用单数形式动词；口语中可以按语义一致的原则，用复数形式动词。any / either 或any / either of+复数代词或复数名词在否定意义的句子中有时也遵循以上原则。none (of +不可数名词) 用作单数。

Neither of them /the girls are / is likely to come.

None of the drivers has /have turned up.

None of the money is mine.

I sent cards to Marvis and Margery, but neither (of them) have / has

replied. I doubt if either (of them) are / is coming. (I don’t think either of them are / is coming.)

I’ve ordered the coal, but none (of it) has arrived yet.

I’ve ordered the tickets, but none (of them) have / has arrived yet.

1．4．关系代词作主语时动词与先行词一致，使用强调结构强调主语时动词与所强调的主语一致。在类似a / this /that kind of book(s)结构中，kind作主语；books of this / that kind (=these / those kind of books) 结构中，books作主语。动词与主语的形式一致。

She is one of the girls who live in the countryside.

She is the only one of the girls who lives in the countryside.

It is I that / who am to blame.

Cars of that sort/ kind/ type are tremendously expensive to run.

That sort/ kind/ type of car(s) is tremendously expensive to run.

Those sort/ kind/ type of cars are expensive to run.（随便的口语形式。）

2．语义一致，即主语数的形式与其所表达的意义出现矛盾时，可以按其意义确定动词的形式。

2．1．集体名词作主语。在美国英语中单数集体名词总是与单数动词连用，除非句中其他相关成分明确具有复数意义时。在英国英语中如果把集体名词看作不可分割的整体，则与单数动词连用，如果把集体名词看作集合在一起的许多个体，则与复数动词连用。所以在美国英语中单数集体名词与单数动词连用的现象更为常见。

The team are playing magnificently, aren’t they?

The family all live together.

Her family is composed of three generations.

The audience are requested to remain in their seats during intermission.

The audience is / are requested to remain seated during intermission.

The audience was / were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.

The committee has / have decided to dismiss him.

The committee has / have considered your request.

The committee are divided in opinion.

The public is / are not allowed to enter the court room.

The public consists of you and me.

The government (阁政府) is made up of senior members of the four main right-wing parties.

The government (阁官员) have been discussing the matter for a long time, but they have shown no sign of reaching agreement.

The government welcomes / welcome the proposal.

2．2．以and连接的并列名词作主语。并列名词一般表示一个以上的人、物、概念，可以看作所两个两个以上的并列句的简化，所以通常看作复数。

Tom and Mary are ready.

(=Tom is ready and Mary is ready.)

在这种情况下即便是不可数名词作主语，谓语动词仍用复数。

Dutch (beer) and American beer are lighter than British.

(= Dutch beer is lighter than British and American beer is lighter than British.)

但当并列名词指同一个人、物，或可以看作一个概念时则与单数动词连用。这种并列称作同位并列。同位并列名词往往共有冠词、物主代词、名词所有格等修饰语，而非同位并列名词仅仅在意义十分明显不至于引起误解时才共用冠词、物主代词、名词所有格等修饰语。

His lawyer and former college friend, Max Fairford, was with him at his death. （律师、大学时代的朋友为同一人，共用His修饰）

A poet and an artist are coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. （诗人、画家为两人，为避免误解，各有冠词修饰）

The sixth and last paragraph was written by Mr. Smith.（第六章即最后一章）

The sixth and the last paragraph were written by Mr. Smith.（第六章及最后一章）

Whisky and soda is my favorite drink.（威士忌与碳酸饮料混合而成的饮品）

Care and patience is needed for the job. （把细致、耐心看作一种品质）

(Both) imagination and patience are needed for the job.（把想象力、耐心看作品质的不同方面）

A cart and horse was seen in the distance.（一架马拉的车）

2 and four is / are 6.（一组数/两个数）

Bread and butter is served for breakfast.（涂了黄油的面包，一种食品）以both…and连接的并列名词作主语看作复数。

Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.（两种商品）

Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed in recent years.

以and连接的并列单数名词作主语被every, each, many a, no等修饰时，与单数动词连用。

No teacher and (no) student has come yet.

Soon every boy and (every) girl was talking about the concert.

Each boy and (each) girl has a different point of view.

2．3．当单词、短语作名词的同位语或修饰语而省略该名词，以单词、短语代替该名词时，应按其代替的名词意义确定动词的形式。

(团体、机构、国家、书籍、电影等的)名称、标题、引文、习语、字母、数字、符号、重量、长度、时间、速度、价格、金额等意义的主语,定冠词与形容词连用做主语，some, all, most, enough, the rest, the remainder,等作主语都遵循这一原则。。

The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third were used regularly.

More than a dozen students in that school were sent abroad to study medicine last year.

Fourteen (people) were absent from the meeting.

The rest of the lecture is dull.

The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.

(The letter) I is the ninth letter in the English alphabet.

(The amount of money)Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.

D.H. Lawrence’s (novel) sons and lovers is a landmark among the novel of its time.

The (country) United States is the most developed in the world.

(The number) Fourteen means four and ten.

对照：Fourteen (people) were absent from the meeting.

The (paper) Times is a paper of long standing.

(The saying) Too many cooks means if too many people are involved in something, it will not be done properly.

2．4．不定式短语、分词短语、名词性从句（句子层次）作主语时，往往表示行为、状态、事实、观点等抽象概念，所以视为单数。

Playing with fire is dangerous.

To listen to music is my greatest pleasure.

When and where to go for the holidays has not been decided yet?

Whether we can finish the work on time is not clear yet.

但名词性关系分句等同于名词短语，所以单、复数依语义而定。

What has been said about the Smiths is also true of the Johnsons.

What were once human dwellings are now nothing but piles of rubble.

What I say and think is / are no business of yours.

What I say and think don’t agree.

3．就近一致，即动词的形式由与其最近的词语决定。

3．1．以…or…, either…or…, not only…but (also)…, not…but…, neither…nor…等连接的词组作主语。

Either your brakes or your eyesight is at fault.（述句中动词临近并列词组中的后者）

Either your eyesight or your brakes are at fault.

Were you or he on duty last night? （疑问句中动词临近并列词组中的前者）

Is he or you responsible?

Not only money but also three valuable paintings were stolen.

Not only the boys but also the girl has learnt to ride.

以上两句子多少得到语义一致的支持，因为此结构侧重后一主语。

对照：The girl, as well as the boys, has learnt to ride.

Neither the husband nor the wife was / were at home.（由于得到语义一致的支持，所以口语中可以使用复数动词。）

3．2．由there构成的存在句型。

There is a sausage, an orange and a piece of cheese on the table. There are several boys and a man over there.

在很随便的口语中，There’s, here’s, where’s可以接复数的主语。There’s some English magazines on the shelf.

Here’s your keys.

Where’s those records I lent you?

但以上句中的is还是改成are更为规。

主语与谓语动词的一致

主语与谓语动词的一致 江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611 英语谓语动词的形式必须随其主语的人称及数的不同而变化，这就叫作主语与谓语动词的一致，简称主谓一致。 在现代英语中除动词be有不同的人称形式(am, is, are, was, were)以及动词have有特殊的单数第三人称现在式形式(has)外，其余的动词只有单数第三人称现在式形式加-s / -es，其他形式则无区别。因此对于学习者而言，主谓一致问题主要是注意单数第三人称现在式动词形式加-s / -es的问题。处理主谓一致问题可依照不同的原则，即从不同的角度着眼。以下对这些原则及容易产生困惑之处加以分析、归纳。 1．语法一致，即主语为单数，就使用单数形式的动词，主语为复数，就使用复数形式的动词。 1．1．单数及复数名词的辨别。 某些名词单数词尾，却用作复数，如：people (人们), police, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。 People have the right to defend themselves. The police are investigating the murder of a six-year-old girl. The poultry have been fed. 某些名词复数词尾，却常用作单数，如：news, mathematics / maths, physics, politics等。

Mathematics / Maths（数学学科）is the science of pure quantity. (Her mathematics / maths（数学能力）are / is rather shaky.) The news is favourable this morning. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是单数词尾，如：fish, sheep, deer, craft, Chinese, Swiss等。 In summer the red dear has a reddishbrown coat. A baby deer is able to stand up as soon as it is born. Baby deer are able to stand up as soon as they are born. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是复数词尾，如：means (=way), works (=factory), crossroads, series, species, barracks, headquarters 等。 All means have been tried. Every means has been tried. 1．2．避免主语的同位语及其它修饰语语义上的干扰。 容易产生干扰的同位语：each, one of…, like …, such as…, including…, especially…, particularly…, for example,…等。 Some rubbish, such as / like food and paper, rots away over a period of time. Practical lessons, such as / like woodwork, are not considered to be as important as maths. We each have a different point of view. (each作同位语)

谓语动词单复数用法

谓语动词单复数用法: 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

(完整版)非谓语动词和独立主格

非谓语动词 非谓语动词： 1.动词不定式【to+动词原型】 2.动名词【动词+ing】 3.（现在、过去）分词 四个要点： 1.一个句子中有多个动词时，其中一个是谓语，其他全部是非谓语。 2.主动ing，被动ed，要做去做todo 3.如果非谓语是主语做的，前面什么都不用加；如果非谓语不是主语做的，谁做的，加谁。 4.非谓语就是从句的简化。 举例： Jack唱着歌回家。 Singing a song，Jack went home Jack受伤了回家。 Injured，Jack went home Rose受伤了，Jack哭了。 Rose injured，Jack cried Rose笑了，Jack笑了。 Rose smiling，Jack smiled. 独立主格结构 独立主格结构就是给非谓语动词加上逻辑主语 独立主格结构基本构成形式： 名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 这里分形式具体举例，以便熟悉知识点。 1.名词(代词)+现在分词 Time permitting, I will go with you 时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 The work done, he went back home. 工作完成后，他回家了。 3.名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上

主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致

?主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。 ?主谓一致原则: 1、语法上的一致 所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。 谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。 We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。 使用语法一致的情况 （1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。 （2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如：

with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to， 谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。 Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。 All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。 （3）非谓语动词或从句作主语 非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。 Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。 To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。 When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。 注意：当what引导主语从句或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。 What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。

谓语动词和非谓语动词及各种句型的判断

谓语动词和非谓语动词及各种句型的判断 一．意义 谓语动词和非谓语动词在高中英语教和学中具有重要意义，主要表现在写作，语法填空和阅读长难句判断中。 例如：典型例子：1.There are many people stand at the gate. Standing 的误用 2.After luckily _______(succeed) in the national college entrance examination, I realized my dream again. 3.He has two children, both of ________ are doctors. 4. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). 5. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__(disappoint) 6. Maybe you leave a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy. 英语句子的标志：首字母大写，和结尾用句号。T here is a purse on the ground. P rofessor Mayer, recognized by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to people's EQs, recently announced the results of a study on school students. M iss Mary teaches us English. （teaches 动词作谓语） M r.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. a，在一个句子中，若只有一个动词，则此动词一定为谓语，若有两个及两个以上动词，就会出现两种情况：1. 两动词都是谓语动词形式，此时两个谓语动词之间必有连词，或并列连词，或从属连词；2. 两动词中必有非谓语，此时两动词之间没有连词。 例如： The novel written by him is very popular. The novel which was written by him is very popular. There is a purse that is lying on the ground. There is a purse lying on the ground. Our coming made him happy. 因此，判断一个句子中谓语与非谓语，带连词与不带连词的方法是：先找句子中的动词，根据连词判断所找到的动词是谓语还是非谓语；或者根据所找的动词的谓语非谓语动词形式判断需要或不需要用连词. 总之，一般句子只要有两个及以上谓语动词形式，必然有连词。反之亦然，只要有连词连接两个动词，必然有谓语动词。 理解这一点对于理解下列句子很有帮助： He has two children, both of __whom__ are doctors. =He has two children, and both of __them__ are doctors. =He has two children, both of __them_ doctors. Our coming made him happy. (简单句。句中两个动词，come和make，谓语动词为make，没有连词连接make和come，所以come用非谓语动词形式) =We had come and that made him happy.（make和come都用了谓语动词形式，有连词and，并列句）

非谓语动词独立主格结构

2010届高考二轮复习英语教案 专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构 【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。 对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。 【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语； 8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with 复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】非谓语动词用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、

高考英语情态动词知识点难题汇编含答案

高考英语情态动词知识点难题汇编含答案 一、选择题 1．–Do you know where David is? He is not in the office. –Well, he ______ have gone far—his coat is still here. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．wouldn’t 2．—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry，sir．But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash．A．shall B．need C．will D．can 3．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 4．You ______ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it. A．may B．can C．should D．would 5．---We want someone to design the new art museum for me. ---_____ the young fellow have a try? A．Shall B．May C．Will D．Need 6．—Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday. —You___it in the wrong place. A．must put B．should have put C．might put D．might have put 7．His opinion was shared by Chinese director Feng Xiaogang.“Some young actors are feminine （女性化的） and they _____ be more man ly,” he said during the Shanghai International Film Festival in June 2017. A．can B．must C．may D．should 8．Home is not just the place where you grow up. It ________ be a warm smile, a sincere hug, and a shoulder for you to cry on. A．must B．can C．will D．should 9．If you behave well from now on, you ___ have an Apple Watch for your 18th birthday. A．will B．shall C．can D．must 10．—It’s so hot and uncomfortable here! Why are your windows still closed? —Oh, I’m not to blame. They ________ open. A．shan’t B．mustn’t C．won’t D．wouldn’t 11．I didn’t hear the phone. I ___ asleep. A．must be B．must have been C．should be D．should have been 12．Schools have been lengthening the school day to raise test marks, which ________ be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days. A．might B．can C．dare D．need 13．There are still 30 minutes ____, so we ____ hurry with lunch.

主谓语一致

主谓一致 主谓一致指句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数等方面应保持一致。英语中主谓一致的具体应用比较复杂，高考试卷中主谓一致的基本情况可以以下述三条原则为主线进行系统地把握。 （一）主谓一致的原则一：语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定，主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。 例如：He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。 1.可以通过下面的主谓一致一般搭配总表把握语法一致原则： 一般现在时中实义动词作谓语 第一人称单数 I am was do have shall should动词原形 第一人称复数 We are were do have shall should动词原形 第二人称单或复数 you are were do have will would动词原形 第三人称单数 He, she, it, 单数名词 is was does has will would动词原形+-s词尾 第三人称复数 they及复数名词 are were do have will would动词原形 2.掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则，要注意两个特殊问题： (1)主语前、后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响，尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时，谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。 例如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会 A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。 Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外，没人知道这件事。 (2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志)，谓语动词需用单数形式。 例如：What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。 A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。 Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。 注意：对于由and连接的并列主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如：Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。 No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。 （二）主谓一致的原则二：意义一致原则

高中英语谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别

谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 首先你要明白在一个英语的单句中只有一个谓语，那么你就要学会怎样划分英语句子中的结构。 先说下什么是单句，单句就是只有一个完整句子结构（句号才是整个句子结束的标志）的句子，没有连词和引导词（像and，what，where，这些的词都没有）。具体的单句结构（五个）就不用我说吧。 eg： ①I love my mother.就是一个单句。 ②English is my best subject which i like.这就是一个复合句（which引导的限制性定语从句），在主语中，english是主语，is是系动词，my best subject 是表语。在从句中（引导词后边的是从句），which作宾语指代subject（subject 是从句的先行词），I作主语，like在这里是行为动词（vt.）作谓语。 给你一个划分简单句结构的例子： eg：I like playing basketball. 这个句子中，I是主语，like是谓语，playing basketball是动名词做宾语，在宾语中playing是非谓语动词，因为我刚刚说过了，一个单句中只有一个谓语，所以like做了谓语，playing就一定是非谓语动词了。

现在和你说下最简单的分辨谓语和非谓语的方法：划分句子的结构。 每个句子首先找到主语，然后是谓语，谓语一般都会和主语靠近（有特殊的情况），那么除去谓语之外的其他动词，都是非谓语动词了。 谓语动词：有以下几种分类 ①行为动词：行为动词又可分为及物（vt.）与不及物（vi.） 那么vi.和vt.的区别可以通过造句的方式来确定。 及物动词：可直接接宾语。(如果不接宾语，那么句意会不完整） 不及物动词：不可以直接接宾语，需借用介词。 eg： I go to school by bus.（go不及物动词，但是和home连接时为go home）He drinks water.（drink是及物动词，中文翻译为他喝水，如果没有宾语water，就成了他喝，那他喝什么呢？句意就不完整了。） ②系动词：be动词（is，am，are，were，was）表主语状态，感官动词（hear，look，listen，tast，sound，appear，seem等），持续性动词（keep，stay，lie，remind等），变化动词（become，go，get，turn等）... ③情态动词：could，should，can，must，may等。

非谓语动词,独立主格练习题

高一英语非谓语，独立主格专练 2018年3月 一，独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。二，注意事项：（1）独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。 （2）不能省略being (having been)的情形： 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。 Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with 的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand. 1.There's a note （pin）to the door (say)when the shop will open again. 2.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths (lie)ahead of me. 3..-- Where is Tom I have something important to tell him. ―I last saw him (seat)in the library reading. 4.A terrible air crash accident happened over the Atlantic Ocean (kill)150 passengers. 5.Life is like riding a bicycle. (keep)your balance, you must keep moving. 6.Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they

英语中“动词 ed”是非谓语还是谓语 非谓语包括哪些(如不定式,动词 ing.) 谓语呢_百度作业...

英语中“动词ed”是非谓语还是谓语非谓语包括哪些（如不定式,动词ing.) 谓语呢_百度作业... 你把谓语和谓语动词混淆了. 谓语（predicate verb）是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样.谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后.谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语. 非谓语动词： 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）,即动词的非谓语形式.非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分. 非谓语包括： 一)动词不定式： （to）+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征 二）动名词： 动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能. 三）现在分词： 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句

法功能 四）过去分词： 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成 非谓语动词和谓语动词的比较： 1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有： （1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. （2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. （3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化.例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition,we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式） （4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）

主语和谓语的一致

主语和谓语的一致 1. 主语和谓语的一致关系： 谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致： Her dreams_have_come true. Her dream_has_come true. She often arrives_at_school late. They often arrive_at_school late. It is getting dark. Eggs are gett ing scarcer. 1 a m gett ing bored. 2. 确定主语单复数的三个原则： 2 -1.语法上一致的原则： The boy_plays_football well. The boys_play_football well. It_is_bitterly cold. I_am_ very cold. 2 -2.概念上一致的原则： My family_are_all_early risers.（指家中的全体成员,有复数含义）His family_has_moved_into the new house.（指整个家, 用作单数）Five_minutes_is_enough.（一个时间段,看作单数） The_crew_are_waiting for instructions from the captain.（指全体船员， 复数） 2 -3.邻近词一致的原则： Neither he no r_they_are_wholly right.

Neither Tomnor the_ Brow ns enjo y_ their journey to Beiji ng owi ng to the bad weather. Either your key or my key _i s_miss ing. Not only but_also_their_teacher_has_participated in the party. He or l_am_in the wrong. -what 'worth visiting there? -well, there 'the park, the castle and the museum. 3. 主谓一致的具体原则： 3 -1.根据语法一致的原则确定谓语形式： 单数主语+单数谓语；复数主语+复数谓语 The_teacher_e ncourages_the stude nts to speak freely. My_wages_are low, but me taxes_are_high. Their_house_has _nine room. It_always_pays_to_ give your paper one final check. 在主语+系词+表语结构”中，系动词要与主语的数保持一致，不受其表语的影响. Their greatest con cern_is_the_childre n. The most appreciated gift was the clothes_that_you sent us. What we n eed most is_books._ Paul _is_friends_with bill. 在单数名词(主语)+(together)with+ 名词”结构中谓语只与主语保持一致, 这是因为上述短语只起修饰主语的作用，而非主语的一部分. 短语： Along with, as well as, in additi on to, accompa nied by, rather tha n, as much as, no less tha n, in clud ing, besides, except, but, like. The_factory_with all its equipme nt has bee n bur nt. You as well as I are wrong.

【精品】非谓语动词总结以及易错点

【精品】非谓语动词总结以及易错点 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Tom made a small cage _____ the little injured bird till it could fly. A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词不定式。句意：Tom为了养这只受伤的小鸟做了一个漂亮的笼子，直到它会飞。此题根据句意和句型结构推知此处keep应该表示目的；在英语中，表示目的的动词应该使用动词不定式即to do sth。故选D。 2． He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A．to act B． to have acted C． acting D．having acted 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构可转化为sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。如： It is reported that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. The news reports that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. Cheng Yifei is reported to have died several days ago. 因此B选项正确。 句意为“ 有人认为他已做了一件傻事。现在应怪他自己丢掉这份工作。” 考点：考查动词非谓语形式。 3．(天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生；D. allowed表示被动且完成，故选B。 【点睛】 判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。

高中英语复习-非谓语动词与独立主格结构(含答案)

非谓语动词与独立主格结构 非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。其特点是： 1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。 2．它们具有各种形态：一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。 3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。 4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语，但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。 一．不定式 1.完成式 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式. I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother). (比较: I am glad to see you.) He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have seen me.

2.进行式 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式. You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively. 3.完成进行式 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. 4.被动式 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 【例】Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思：“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家”，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D) is to be left。 （二）句法功能 1.不定式作主语 【例】It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”，答案是A)。